Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical features, microbiologic investigation, and response to therapy of three patients with Gardnerella vaginalis-associated balanoposthitis were studied. Each man presented with a similar syndrome of diffuse erythema and pruritus of the glans meatus and coronal sulcus, irritation of the prepuce, and minimal urethral discharge. A characteristic fishy odor was present in the urethral discharge of all three patients. G. vaginalis was isolated from the glans of all three, and clue cells were present in two. In all cases, cultures for Candida albicans, herpes simplex virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum were negative. All three patients responded to oral therapy with metronidazole and concurrent treatment of the partner. Two patients subsequently relapsed but ultimately responded to clindamycin therapy. These men presented with a distinctive clinical syndrome of balanoposthitis associated with G. vaginalis, which is in many respects similar to the syndrome of bacterial vaginosis in women. Our data indicate that balanoposthitis may have a polymicrobial and synergistic etiology involving G. vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in the male lower genital tract; such an etiology is analogous to that of bacterial vaginosis.
 ...
PMID:Gardnerella vaginalis-associated balanoposthitis. 349 1

Arildone is an aryl diketone which is inhibitory in vitro against herpes simplex virus type 2 at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml or less. One hundred forty-five patients with recurrent genital herpes were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an 8% arildone cream. Patients initiated therapy a mean of 9.9 h and a maximum of 24 h after the reported onset of lesions and applied medication 6 times daily for 7 days. The duration of viral shedding was shorter among women (P less than 0.05) and the duration of local itching was shorter among men (P less than 0.05) in patients that received arildone than in those that received placebo, but there were no significant differences between treatment groups in duration of pain, time to crusting or healing of lesions, or percentage of patients developing new lesions. Mild local irritation after application of ointment was common and occurred equally in both treatment groups. Despite early application, topical arildone cream was ineffective in the therapy of acute recurrences of genital herpes.
 ...
PMID:A placebo-controlled trial of topical 8% arildone cream early in recurrent genital herpes. 352 87

The main aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic in Africa as of mid-1986 are discussed. In certain parts of Africa the disease appears to be widespread and fairly evenly divided between the sexes. Most of the AIDS patients have traveled a great deal and been very active sexually, even while traveling. Prostitutes in such large cities as Nairobi are heavily infected with HIV. Recognized routes of infection are: sexual transmission, blood transfusion, contaminated injection equipment, and mother to child. The pathology of AIDS involves the death of the helper cell type of T-lymphocytes, which increases the patient's susceptibility to infections and tumors. There is some evidence that the HIV epidemic originated in central Africa, possibly as a mutant of the green monkey fever virus, and gradually spread to Europe and the USA. Clinically, AIDS should be suspected with such symptoms as persistent unexplained fever, chronic diarrhea, lymphadenopathy, severe wasting, and itching skin lesions, primarily on the extremities. Definitive symptoms include such opportunistic infections as candida esophagii, cryptococcus, severe varieties of herpes simplex, pneumocystis carinii pneumonii, disseminated strongyloids, cerebral toxoplasmosis and a typical mycobacteria. Serological diagnostic tests include enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot, both of which require advanced equipment. No treatment for AIDS is known; management should concentrate on preventing opportunistic infection.
 ...
PMID:[AIDS in Africa]. 364 40

In the last 10 years genital herpes simplex has reached epidemic proportions, affecting 5 million Americans, with 500,000 new cases yearly. The incidence is highest among middle and upper socioeconomic groups and among whites. There are 2 antigenically distinct strains of the herpes simplex virus, and type II is the cause of 85% of the genital infections. The virus has an affinity for tissues derived from the embryonic ectoderm -- skin, mucous membranes, eye, and central nervous system. Transmission is by personal contact with an infected area. The clinical course of the disease involves 4 stages. In the primary stage the typical lesions are vesicles, which rupture, leaving painful shallow ulcerations. The primary stage lasts from 2 to 4 weeks with approximately 10 days of viral shedding. In the latent stage the virus lies dormant in the sacral ganglion and is noninfectious. In the shedding stage the virus replicates and sheds in genital secretions. The recurrent stage is characterized by prodromal itching or tingling sensations prior to the eruption of the vesicles and by neuralgia. Recurrence occurs as often as 4 to 7 times a year and lasts from 7 to 10 days, with viral shedding for 4 or 5 days. Definitive diagnosis can be made from viral tissue culture or the Tzanck and Papanicolaou smears. There is no cure for herpes although acyclovir has been found to shorten the duration of the episodes. Except for pregnancy complications, the most serious complications of recurrent genital herpes are psychological. The disease is socially stigmatizing and inhibits sexual activity. The nurse should provide supportive care, information about the transmission and symptoms of the disease, and counseling as to precautions to take, such as condom and spermicide use, avoidance of oral sex, abstention when lesions are present, and limiting sex to one partner.
 ...
PMID:Herpes: a dilemma for client and clinician. 364 8

The epidemiological and clinical features of primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection in 108 patients were studied. Of these, 69 (64%) were aged 15 or over and only eight (7%) were under the age of 5. Associated upper respiratory tract infection was found in 38 (35%) patients and systemic disorders such as mild malaise, fever, and aching in 34 (31%) patients. Common symptoms were redness, watering, discharge, itching, irritation, and lid swelling, whereas pain, photophobia, lid vesicles and ulcers, and blurred vision were less frequent. The major signs consisted of vesicles and ulcers on the lids, papillary responses which were more severe in the upper lid conjunctiva, follicles which were more common in the lower lid conjunctiva, fine and coarse epithelial punctate keratitis, and subepithelial punctate keratitis. Dendritic ulcers and disciform keratitis were found in 16 (15%) and two (2%) patients respectively. The clinical forms of primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection varied. Moderate or severe disease was observed in 41 (38%) and 16 (15%) patients respectively. In eight (7%) patients the disease presented as an acute follicular conjunctivitis without characteristic lid or corneal lesions. A chronic blepharoconjunctivitis which lasted for months developed in 16 (15%) patients. The epidemiological and clinical features in our patients were compared with features of the disease reported previously.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiological and clinical features of primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection. 396 25

Twenty-four patients suffering from longstanding severe recurrent herpes simplex, who had not responded to prior therapy, were treated with s.c. thymopentin injections 50 mg, three times weekly, over a period of six weeks. They were followed up at weekly intervals over this period and then six weeks later. Moreover, the longest relapse-free period observed in the year after the treatment was recorded in the investigator's documentation. Thirteen of the 14 patients with labial herpes simplex and 10 of the 13 patients with genital herpes simplex improved markedly as shown by a decrease in the relapse rate of at least 50%, shorter episodes of relapse and improvement of symptoms such as pain and itching. Fourteen of these 27 patients experienced no relapse for a period longer than four months after cessation of the therapy. No serious side-effects were observed. Laboratory examinations before, during and after thymopentin did not reveal significant alterations except for an increase in the T-helper/T-suppressor ratio. The effect of thymopentin is assumed to be due to T-helper cell activation resulting in enhanced interleukin-2 production with subsequent proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells which are capable of producing immune interferon.
 ...
PMID:The effect of thymopentin treatment on the relapse rate in frequently relapsing herpes simplex virus infections. 608 27

The clinical course and complications of 268 patients with first episodes and 362 with recurrent episodes of genital herpes infection were reviewed. Symptoms of genital herpes were more severe in women than in men. Primary first-episode genital herpes was accompanied by systemic symptoms (67%), local pain and itching (98%), dysuria (63%), and tender adenopathy (80%). Patients presented with several bilaterally distributed postular ulcerative lesions that lasted a mean of 19.0 days. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from the urethra, cervix, and pharynx of 82%, 88%, and 13% of women with first-episode primary genital herpes, and the urethra and pharynx of 28% and 7% of men. Complications included aseptic meningitis (8%), sacral autonomic nervous system dysfunction (2%), development of extragenital lesions (20%), and secondary yeast infections (11%). Recurrent episodes were characterized by small vesicular or ulcerative unilaterally distributed lesions that lasted a mean of 10.1 days. Systemic symptoms were uncommon and 25% of recurrent episodes were asymptomatic. The major concerns of patients were the frequency of recurrences and fear of transmitting infection to partners or infants.
 ...
PMID:Genital herpes simplex virus infections: clinical manifestations, course, and complications. 634 12

Five per cent acyclovir cream containing propylene glycol was used in a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial of topical acyclovir therapy in 30 patients with recurrent orofacial herpes simplex infections. Several patients re-entered the trial and a total of 60 treated episodes were evaluated. Analysis of the first episodes treated showed a significant reduction in the duration of vesiculation from 2.7 to 1.8 days (P = 0.016) and in the total healing time from 8.3 to 5.7 days (P = 0.022). A decrease in the duration of itching was also observed. Evaluation of all episodes treated showed a significant decrease only in the duration of vesiculation from 2.3 to 1.6 days (P = 0.016); the total healing time was decreased from 6.6 to 5.4 days (P = 0.051). The penetration of acyclovir through the skin and the time of initiation of therapy appear to be the major limiting factors governing efficacy. We hypothesize that repeated treatment with acyclovir may decrease the severity of the herpes simplex infections.
 ...
PMID:Topical acyclovir therapy in patients with recurrent orofacial herpes simplex infections. 635 55

Sexually transmitted (STD), diseases in which sexual contact is epidemiologically important but not the only mode of acquisition, will continueto increase in incidence unless effective control strategies can be applied. The recent increase in incidence has been due, in part, to increased levels of sexual activity among young people. Focus in this discussion is on the epidemiology of STD, the importance of an accurate sexual history in the diagnosis of STD, gonorrhea, syphilis, nongonococcal urethritis, vaginitis, herpes genitalis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and adolescent attitudes and knowledge. The sexual partners of infected patients are at particulary high risk of acquiring STD. The prevelence of inection among partners of patients with STD is so high that antibiotic therapy can be initiated as soon as a patient is identified as a sexual partner of an index case. Such epidemiolofgic treatment probably is appropriate in gonorrhea, syphilis, and infections produced by Haemophilus ducreyi, Gardnerella vaginalis, Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticm, Chlamydia, trachomatis, and parasites. An important result of the sexual role of transmission is the high incidence of coinfection. The incidence of syphilis has remained relatively constant during the past 20 years, but gonorrhea has markedly increased in incidence, as have nonspecific urethritis in men, nonspecific genital infection in women, and herpes genitalis. The diagnosis of gonorrhea must be based on bacteriologic techniques; smears and cultures must be obtained from the urethra in the male and from the urethra and cervix in the female. The failure of prevention of gonorrhea has been due, in part, to a change in contraceptive methods, with greater use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and IUDs. The diagnosis of syphilis is established most accurately by examination of the exudate utilizing darkfield microscopy. The presence of nonspecific antibodies is most helpful as a diagnostic tool in the late primary phase of syphilitivc infection. Nongonococcal urethritis may be distinguished from gonococcal urethritis by the presence of a more mucoid, less copious, less purulent discharge. Nonspecific genital infection is a considerable problem in both sexes. Patients with nonspecific vaginitis experience itching and burning of the vulva, often accompanied by a slightly gray to white, frothy discharge that has an odor described as "fishy." Herpes genitalis is produced by herpes simplex virus type II and occasionally by herpes simplex virus type I. Clinical disease develops after an incubation period of 3-6 days. Approximately 500,000 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease occur annually in the US. An investigation designed to assess knowledge of, attitudes toward, and behavior regarding prophylaxis amoung a group of 200 single US female adolescents demonstrated much ignorance about veneral disease prophylaxis.
 ...
PMID:Sexually transmittable diseases and other genital infections during adolescence. 654 44

The anatomical basis for facial itch after epidural morphone is outlined. CNS nuclear events which reactivate latent herpes simplex and immune inhibition resulting in maternal mouth vesicles or neonatal infections are described. Morphine is hypothesized to affect these processes and facial itch is only a marker, not a trigger of this trigeminal opioid activity.
 ...
PMID:A review of anatomical and immunological links between epidural morphine and herpes simplex labialis in obstetric patients. 748 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>