Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A dose-and-time related-effect of oral phenyltoloxamine citrate, a Class I, H1 antihistamine compound, has been demonstrated against allergen-induced wheal-and-erythema skin reactions among 10 adults with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and seasonal pollinosis. Clinical improvement in the existing symptoms of rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, pruritus and sneezing, showed a significant correlation with the inhibition of reagin-mediated skin reactivity caused by phenytoloxamine. No adverse side effects were observed. It can be concluded that oral phenyltoloxamine citrate possesses antihistaminic properties and a range of safety which make it a useful agent for the symptomatic management of upper respiratory allergy.
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PMID:Inhibition of cutaneous and mucosal allergy with phenyltoloxamine. 2 84

An analysis has been performed on the results from 18 patients treated with SCG and 14 patients treated with placebo in a double-blind placebo-controlled group comparative trial of SCG 2% nasal solution (metered dose) in hayfever. The two treatment groups were found to be similar with respect to relevant characteristics and pre-trial symptomatology. Analysis of clinician's symptom scorings demonstrated statistically significant differences in favour of SCG for the symptoms Sneezing, Running and Itching. No significant differences between the treatments were found in the statistical analysis of patient diary card total scores. Five assessments of overall response made at the end of treatment gave results highly significantly in favour of SCG.
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PMID:Report on a trial of SCG 2% nasal solution (metered dose) in hayfever. 41 Nov 65

108 pollen-sensitive persons (positive skin test, positive history) and 40 latent pollen-allergic persons (positive skin test, but no conjunctival or nasal manifestations during the flowering season) were given intranasally increasing concentrations of pollen extract until a reaction occurred (itching, sneezing, running and blocked nose). 7.4% of the patients reacted to 0.001% w/v of the pollen extract, 56.5% reacted to 0.01, and 36% to a dose of 0.1% w/v. The corresponding figures for persons with latent allergy were 0.7, 5 and 30%; 62.5% reacted to 1.0 or 2.5% w/v of the extract. There was a relatively sharp division between doses of 0.1 and 1.0% w/v: persons who responded only to 1% concentrations invariably belonged to the group of latent allergy. 35 persons with positive skin tests to dust mites were divided into 3 groups: those with either a positive or a negative history of dust allergy and those concentrations of dust mite extracts (0.012, 0.12 and 1.2% w/v). Patients were considered to have latent allergy if they were sensitive to dust mite but were free from symptoms; or if they were sensitive to dust mite and pollen, but were symptom-free outside the flowering season. Although the group reacted slightly more often only to concentrations of 1.2%, the nasal response occurred on the whole with the same frequency with all three concentrations. In contrast to pollen allergy a positive intranasal dust mite test is not necessarily clinically relevant. Provocation tests are, therefore, not an infallible means to ascertain the presence of clinically relevant allergy.
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PMID:[The clinical significance of challenge tests (author's transl)]. 46 9

This double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study was undertaken in 40 patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis during the 1990 hay fever season. The patients were randomized and treated for seven days with either 120 mg terfenadine or 10 mg loratadine, each drug taken once daily in the morning. The severity of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasopharyngeal itching, and itchy, watery, red eyes was evaluated before and at the end of treatment. The global severity of symptoms was ranked daily by the patient on a diary card. Both treatment groups experienced a significant improvement of symptoms after treatment (p < 0.01), without any significant difference between the two study drugs. Terfenadine and loratadine significantly improved symptom severity by 69 and 55% compared with the baseline values, respectively. Headache and fatigue were reported in three loratadine-treated patients, and sedation in one patient. No side effects were observed in patients receiving terfenadine. This study confirmed that terfenadine 120 mg once daily is a safe and effective treatment for hay fever.
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PMID:Comparative effects of terfenadine and loratadine in the treatment of hay fever. 166 95

Levocabastine is a new H1 receptor blocking antihistamine which is intended for topical use in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. The protective effect of the drug in conjunctival provocation test (CPT) was evaluated in a double blind study of 25 children aged 9-17 years with confirmed pollen allergy. One drop of levocabastine, cromoglycate or placebo was instilled into the conjunctival sac of both eyes. After 15 min CPT was performed, starting with 320 BU of pollen extract. The allergen dose was increased every 10 min in half 10-log steps in the right eye until a positive reaction occurred, or the top dose 320,000 BU was reached. The lowest dose resulting in a positive CPT reaction, i.e. at least 50% of the conjunctiva with erythema, was defined as the allergenic threshold dose (ATD). Pretreatment with levocabastine resulted in a median ATD of 32,000 BU, compared with 10,000 after cromoglycate (P less than 0.001) or placebo (P less than 0.01). Levocabastine was also superior in reducing subjective itch in the eyes. Determination of the ATD can be used as a relatively quick assessment of drugs intended for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
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PMID:Topical levocabastine protects better than sodium cromoglycate and placebo in conjunctival provocation tests. 196 26

This double-blind, multicentre study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of terfenadine 120 mg with cetirizine 10 mg, each taken once daily, in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Two hundred and eighty-five patients were recruited to the study by nine general practice centres in the south of England during the 1989 hay-fever season. Symptom severity was assessed daily by the patient and before and after the one-week treatment period by the investigator. At the second clinic visit both patient and investigator assessed the overall response to treatment. The two treatment groups were well matched for all demographic variables and baseline symptom scores. Improvement in all seven symptoms (nasal congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, itching nose, itching eyes, watery eyes and red eyes) and overall response to treatment were similar in both treatment groups. Adverse events were mainly of mild to moderate severity and were reported by 14 patients on terfenadine and 21 patients treated with cetirizine (p = 0.317). This study confirmed terfenadine's role as the treatment of choice in hayfever. A single 120 mg dose in the morning effectively reduced symptoms by 43 to 70 per cent of baseline values, with an acceptably low incidence of side effects. Cetirizine at a single dose of 10 mg displayed equal efficacy in controlling hayfever symptoms but, in common with other studies, had a significantly greater incidence of drowsiness (p = 0.046).
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PMID:Multicentre, double-blind comparison of terfenadine and cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 197 16

A 145-acre potato field adjacent to Dorris, California, was treated with ethoprop (Mocap) to control nematodes. Ethoprop releases n-propyl mercaptan, a highly odorous and volatile gas, as a degradation product of the pesticide. An epidemiological investigation was undertaken by the California Department of Health Services because community residents sought medical attention for odor-related illness. Elevated health effects were found among those who reported smelling a strong odor (n-propyl mercaptan has a characteristic onion-like odor). In a logistic regression analysis, the most highly elevated 6-wk health effect incidence risks, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, and current cigarette smoking status, were for headache (OR = 5.08), diarrhea (OR = 3.80), runny nose (OR = 5.31), sore throat (OR = 3.58), burning/itching eyes (OR = 5.64), fever (OR = 3.59), hay fever attacks (OR = 3.50), and asthma attacks (OR = 6.0). Based upon these elevated health effects, it is recommended that human exposures to n-propyl mercaptan be minimized to the extent practicable.
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PMID:Acute health effects from community exposure to N-propyl mercaptan from an ethoprop (Mocap)-treated potato field in Siskiyou County, California. 147 22

Forty-two ragweed hay fever patients participated in a study which examined the profile of symptom relief provided by terfenadine, and the relative adequacy of symptom control with the drug given from the beginning of the season compared with treatment started after symptoms were well established. Compared with placebo, terfenadine effectively relieved sneeze, itch and eye symptoms. It had no effect on running, blowing and drainage. Subjectively perceived congestion benefited marginally. When the drug was begun after symptoms were well established, sneezing responded quickly and maximally. Eye discomfort lessened but not to the level experienced by those dosed from the beginning of the season. The pattern in other symptom categories was less clear. Overall, terfenadine improved all rhinitis symptoms except those related to hypersecretion. Some symptoms appeared to respond better when drug dosing commenced at the beginning of the season.
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PMID:Profile of ragweed hay fever symptom control with terfenadine started before or after symptoms are established. 210 13

To elucidate the importance of hand eczema in the population of Gothenburg, a questionnaire was sent to 20,000 individuals aged 20-65 years, randomly selected from the population register of the city. After two reminders, a response rate of 83% was obtained. Those individuals considering themselves to have had hand eczema within the previous 12 months were invited to a dermatological examination including patch testing. 1385 persons (71%) participated. Analysis of drop-outs was performed by interview by telephone and post. The 1-year period prevalence of hand eczema was estimated to be about 11% and the point prevalence 5.4%. Hand eczema was twice as common among females as among males. The most common type of hand eczema was irritant contact dermatitis (35%), followed by atopic hand eczema (22%) and allergic contact dermatitis (19%). The most common contact allergies were to nickel, cobalt, fragrance-mix, balsam of Peru and colophony. Comparing these results with a 20-year earlier study on hand eczema, an increased prevalence, especially of atopic hand eczema, was found. The only occupational group that reported a significantly higher period prevalence of hand eczema was service workers. Of all occupations, cleaners had the highest period prevalence, 21.3%. Hand eczema was more common among people reporting some kind of occupational exposure. The most harmful exposure turned out to be to unspecified chemicals, water and detergents and dust and dry dirt. The only contact allergen that was statistically related to an occupational group was colophony among female office workers. Change of work, where the hand eczema was the main reason, was reported by 8% and was most common in service work. Hairdressers had the highest frequency of change. Hand eczema was shown to be a long-lasting disease with a relapsing course. 69% of the patients had consulted a doctor and 21% had been on sick-leave at least once because of their hand eczema. The mean total sick-leave time was 18.9 weeks, median 8 weeks. Treatment with topical steroids was reported by 51%, emollients by 85%. Frequent itching was reported by 54% of the patients. 81% experienced some kind of disturbance of their daily life considered to be caused by the hand eczema. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important predictive factor for hand eczema was a history of childhood eczema. Number two was female sex, followed by occupational exposure, a history of asthma and/or hayfever and a service occupation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of hand eczema in an industrial city. 214 21

To study the nasal response to serotonin, 14 asymptomatic hay fever patients received intranasal serotonin in increasing doses. Itching and the number of sneezes were noted, and the amount of secretion was measured and assayed for substance P. Nasal airway resistance was recorded by active posterior rhinomanometry. Serotonin induced a dose-dependent increase in nasal itching, number of sneezes and secretion. Substance P was found in 41 of 42 secretions. The median concentration was 10.3 pmol/l (range 0-28.9), and increased parallel to increasing doses of serotonin (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Nasal challenge with serotonin in asymptomatic hay fever patients. 244 28


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