Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From November 1987 to October 1988, seventy-seven cases diagnosed as dengue fever and confirmed by viral culture or serological examination in the Pediatric Department of Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital were studied. In nearly two thirds (64.9%) of the total cases, the ages were between 10 and 14 years old. No significant sexual difference could be found in this study. Two peaks of cases distribution occurred at November 1987 and October 1988. The major clinical manifestations of Dengue Fever were fever, headache, skin rash and cough. Nearly half of the total cases had nausea, vomiting, myalgia and skin itching. 29 cases (37.7%) had hemorrhagic complications during the course of disease. The most common features of hemorrhage was petechiae followed by epistaxis. Two cases were confirmed as hemorrhagic dengue fever and one was also dengue shock syndrome. Most (92.5%) of the cases had body temperatures over 38.5 degrees C at the onset of the disease. The mean duration of fever was 5.9 days. No fatality was found. It is concluded that eradication of vectors in the school environment might be one of the major points of disease control according to the age distribution of this study. The appearance of hemorrhagic dengue fever is a major problem and should be closely followed by clinicians and workers of public health in Taiwan.
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PMID:[Clinical observations of dengue fever among children]. 273 67

Nine previously untreated patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) were treated with recombinant interferon alpha 2a (rIFN-alpha 2a) and hydroxyurea. Patients received 6 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a daily for the first week and 3 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a daily for the second week. As maintenance treatment starting on day 15, patients received 3 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a 3 times a week. Simultaneously, hydroxyurea was given, starting at a dose of 40 mg/kg on day one. The maintenance dosage was adjusted to the white blood cell count. Two patients responded with complete hematological remissions but without cytogenetic and molecular-genetic improvements. Seven patients responded with partial hematological remissions. Response to therapy was rapid; normal white blood cell counts were reached after a median of 12 days. The doses of rIFN-alpha 2a and hydroxyurea needed to keep the leucocyte count in the normal range were low (3 X 10(6) U rIFN-alpha 2a 3 times per week, 0.5-1.5 g hydroxyurea/day). Acute toxicity of the combination therapy consisted of fever (9 of 9 patients), flulike symptoms (7 of 9 patients), pruritus and/or rash (3 of 9 patients) and evidence of a tumor cell lysis syndrome (1 of 9 patients). The side effects were not dose-limiting. Combination therapy with rIFN-alpha 2a and hydroxyurea for CML is well tolerated and allows quick and effective hematological control of the disease.
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PMID:A phase I/II study of recombinant interferon alpha 2a and hydroxyurea for chronic myelocytic leukemia. 273 8

High-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) with or without lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells has been reported to have activity in certain solid tumors, but toxicity has usually required hospitalization for administration. The purpose of this trial was to determine the antineoplastic effect and toxicity of IL-2 administered at a lower dose in an outpatient setting. Eligibility criteria included measurable disease, Karnofsky performance greater than or equal to 70%, age greater than 18 years, and adequate bone marrow, renal, and hepatic function. The median age of 35 patients was 56 years (range, 20 to 75). Diagnoses included malignant lymphoma (ML), (nine patients), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (eight), melanoma (eight), colorectal cancer (six), renal cancer (two), and breast cancer (two). The initial 18 patients were treated with 1 mg/m2 (3 x 10(6) U/m2 intravenous [IV] bolus) for five days every other week for a total of 4 treatment weeks (8 weeks total). The subsequent 17 patients were treated with 0.5 mg/m2 (1.5 x 10(6) U/m2). All patients were evaluable for toxicity, and 26 for tumor response. Toxicities included fatigue (71%), nausea (69%), hypotension (54%), fever (51%), chills (40%), weight gain (37%), pruritus or rash (31%), dyspnea (14%), azotemia (6%), confusion (6%), thrombocytopenia (6%), and myocardial infarction (3%). Four patients died from apparently unrelated causes within the first 2 weeks of treatment. Treatment was discontinued before the completion of 8 weeks of treatment because of progressive disease (12 patients), severe hypotension (three), azotemia (one), myocardial infarction (one), early death (four), and miscellaneous causes (two). IL-2 at 1 mg/m2 IV for five days is associated with moderate toxicity, but a dose of 0.5 mg/m2 is tolerable for outpatient administration. Three partial responses (PR) and one minor response (MR) lasting 1 to 17+ months have been observed in 12 patients with ML and CLL evaluable for response. One additional MR was observed in a patient with melanoma. IL-2 deserves further study in patients with ML and CLL.
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PMID:Phase II trial of outpatient interleukin-2 in malignant lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and selected solid tumors. 278 39

We conducted a phase II trial of deoxycoformycin (pentostatin [DCF]) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Eligibility criteria included age greater than 18 years, Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) performance status 0 to 2, lymphocyte count greater than or equal to 15,000 cells/microL, international stage B or C disease (multiple lymph nodes involved and/or hemoglobin [Hgb] less than 11 g and/or platelets less than 100,000/microL) and no more than one prior treatment regimen. DCF dose was 4 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) weekly for 3 weeks and then every 2 weeks. There were 39 eligible patients (35 men and four women; median age, 63 years; median time from diagnosis to study entry, 3 years). Of these 39 patients, 31% were stage B and 33% had no prior treatment. Median laboratory values at entry were Hgb 10.5 g, WBC 96,100/microL, and platelets 93,500/microL. Nodal involvement was present in 90%, splenomegaly in 81%, and hepatomegaly in 47%. Patients received a median of nine DCF injections, with a range of four to 26. Three patients were not evaluable for response. Overall, 3% achieved a complete response (CR), 23% a partial response (PR), 28% showed clinical improvement (CI), and 38% had stable disease (SD). Associated toxicities (grade 2 or worse) observed were infections (52%), worsening of thrombocytopenia (26%) or anemia (33%), nausea and vomiting (31%), rash or pruritus (20%), and stomatitis (8%). We conclude that DCF is an active agent in CLL with acceptable toxicity.
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PMID:Pentostatin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a phase II trial of Cancer and Leukemia group B. 278 91

A 55-year-old woman with common variable immunodeficiency and mild chronic obstructive lung disease received 3 units of plasma as immunoglobulin replacement therapy. During the administration of the final unit, her temperature rose 1 degree C, with no other observable symptoms. Fifteen minutes later she developed shortness of breath without nausea, vomiting, rash, or pruritus. In 30 min she lost consciousness, was breathless, and cyanotic. Resuscitative efforts failed. Autopsy failed to pinpoint a cause of death. There was no evidence of ABO or Rh incompatibility, bacterial contamination, or hemolysis. There were no neutrophil, platelet or IgA antibodies detectable in the patient or the 3 plasma donors. There were no lymphocytotoxic HLA antibodies in the patient or two of the plasma donors. The third donor had HLA-B35 lymphocytotoxic antibodies that did not agglutinate or aggregate neutrophils. The patient's HLA type was A2, A3; B35, B40. Lymphocytotoxic crossmatches using lymphocytes of the patient were positive with plasma from the third donor but negative with the other two. An eluate prepared from post-mortem lung parenchymal tissue was cytotoxic to 7 of 8 panel lymphocytes positive for the HLA-B35 antigen but not with cells lacking B35. The implicated plasma donor was healthy with a history of 6 pregnancies. This case report illustrates the potential hazard of transfusion of plasma containing HLA antibodies.
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PMID:Fatal pulmonary transfusion reaction to plasma containing donor HLA antibody. 280 Apr 69

Fifty patients with posttraumatic tibial nonunion complicated by chronic refractory osteomyelitis were treated with intravenous antibiotics. Fifteen patients (30%) experienced 18 episodes of leukopenia; seven of these patients became neutropenic and three became severely neutropenic. No patient became neutropenic prior to the 20th day of antibiotic therapy. The classic findings of fever, pruritus, maculopapular rash, and eosinophilia did not correlate with either the onset or the severity of the neutropenia. Neutropenia can develop precipitously. Prevention of neutropenia is difficult in a patient population receiving long-term antibiotic therapy. Regular monitoring of the white blood cell count and differential cell count minimizes the risk of developing prolonged, severe neutropenia with potential complications. No patient in this series had any serious or infectious complication secondary to neutropenia.
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PMID:Neutropenia complicating parenteral antibiotic treatment of infected nonunion of the tibia. 281 86

The effects of brompheniramine maleate (12 mg twice daily in sustained release form) and terfenadine (60 mg twice daily) on the symptoms and well-being of 16 adults with urticaria with or without dermographism were assessed by symptom questionnaire. Following an initial 2-week period without therapy, each drug was taken for 2 weeks in a randomised double-blind cross-over study. Both drugs produced significant relief of itch and rash but only brompheniramine produced significant drowsiness. Brompheniramine maleate was more effective than terfenadine in the patients with dermographism.
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PMID:Terfenadine and brompheniramine maleate in urticaria and dermographism. 287 4

Anti-hypertensive drugs, including diuretics and beta-blocking drugs, belong to a group of therapeutics used by about a fourth of the Danish population. As with cytostatics, antibiotics, and topical remedies, they rather frequently cause adverse drug reactions (ADR) in the skin. No exact statistical information is available concerning the extent of such side effects. The information obtained by Danish National Board of Health's Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions shows that 10-60% of ADR from diuretics, beta-blocking agents, and anti-hypertensive drugs are dermatological. The skin symptoms are not unique for any specific drug. But certain symptoms occur more frequently than others. Thiazides can give vasculitis, a phototoxic/-allergic eruption, erythema multiforme, or eczema. The combination of amiloride (5 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg) carries the highest number of recorded ADR; 59% of these are in the skin. Half of the skin ADR are phototoxic eczema. Furosemide may give eczema, purpura, a bullous eruption, or Steven-Johnson's syndrome in rare cases. Methyldopa can induce eczematous eruptions on hands and feet, a lichenoid eruption, a lupus erythematosus-like eruption, or purpura. Hydralazine may give lupus erythematosus-like eruptions, eczema, or urticaria. Non-specific beta-blocking drugs can induce a morbilliform rash and may aggravate psoriasis. Captopril may induce pruritus in up to 15% of the patients and skin eruptions in 2%. The most serious dermatological side effect, exfoliative dermatitis, is very rarely seen following the use of anti-hypertensive drugs or diuretics.
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PMID:Adverse reactions in the skin from anti-hypertensive drugs. 289 92

Benzalazine (salicylazobenzoic acid, SAB), a 5-azo derivative of 5-aminosalicylic acid, has been designed as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease which might lack the frequent side effects caused by the sulfapyridine moiety of the sulfasalazine molecule (SASP). Here, we report on a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of SAB and SASP in patients with an acute relapse of ulcerative colitis. 43 patients with an acute relapse of ulcerative colitis proven by the pertinent endoscopic-macroscopic and histologic criteria were randomized to receive a 6-week course of either 1 g SASP (n = 21) or the equivalent dose of 0.72 g SAB (n = 22) three times a day. Both groups were comparable with respect to demographic data, previous duration and extension of the disease as well as clinical, endoscopic and histologic severity of the relapse. 1 patient on SASP had to be removed from the study due to side effects, while 3 patients on SAB were removed due to rapid worsening of the disease requiring either surgery (1 patient with toxic megacolon) or additional steroid treatment (2 patients). 2 SAB patients were lost to follow-up after substantial improvement had been observed within the first 3 weeks of treatment. In the remaining patients (20 SASP, 17 SAB), stool frequency, stool consistency and macroscopic appearance as well as histology of the diseased mucosa were improved within 6 weeks, with no significant difference between the two groups with respect to any of the parameters recorded. Side effects were recorded in 5 patients on SASP (3 with nausea, 1 with pruritus and 1 with a generalized exanthema) and in 3 patients on SAB (all nausea and vomiting; difference not statistically significant). We conclude that SAB and SASP in equivalent doses are of similar efficacy in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:Prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of benzalazine and sulfasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. 290 88

51.4% of 1,954 grain elevator workers surveyed in 1978 and 1979 complained of pruritus following exposure to grain dusts. 95% of 796 grain elevator workers surveyed in 1985 noted that pruritus following exposure to grain dust was of short duration. Exposure to barley dust and oat dust provoked the greatest number of complaints. Those with a past history of infantile eczema were significantly more likely to complain. Younger workers were more likely to complain than older workers. 13.1% of those surveyed in 1985 complained of a rash following exposure, in 35% of whom it lasted more than 1 day. Nasal congestion, ocular and oropharyngeal irritation were also frequent complaints.
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PMID:Questionnaire survey of pruritus and rash in grain elevator workers. 294 61


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