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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this presentation is to offer a classification of psychocutaneous disease and to examinine factors which result in itching and scratching becoming chronic. Pruritus is a very common sensation in dermatoses. All forms of itching, whatever the cause, may be intensified by emotional stress. The patient sample of my own study consisted of seven diagnostic groups, giving a total of 99 patients. The dermatoses were: dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen ruber planus, chronic eczema, atopic eczema, neurodermatitis circumscripta, lichen corneus obtusus and pruritus psychogenes. The principal findings were as follows: 1. Many of the different mechanisms by which skin diseases became chronic had a psychological background. 2. Psychiatric disturbances were clearly more common than in the average population. Possibilities of psychiatric treatment were evaluated. The results confirm the hypothesis that in those skin diseases in which the disease mechanism is not yet sufficiently understood, psychosomatics is of considerable importance or offers an easier way to explain the mechanism.
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PMID:Psychosomatic aspects in dermatoses. 366 7

The term "prurigo" is universally used in dermatology. But, up to now, no definition of this term has been generally accepted. The "classic" description of the "urticarial papules" as the primary skin eruptions of prurigo is not correct, for these papules do not show any momentary edema but a persistent cellular infiltration. In the past, some authors already pointed out that the histologic structure of such papules looks very much like that of the characteristic papulovesicles in eczema--especially those in atopic dermatitis. The various forms of the prurigo nodes secondarily develop in case of the coincidence of three main factors: (1) the particular cutaneous response to repeated irritation (especially in autosomally dominant ichthyosis simplex), (2) reduced threshold for or constitutional disposition to pruritus (especially in atopy), and (3) internal (e.g. intestinal disorders) or external (e.g. insect bites) triggers. Probably none of the prurigo diseases represents a nosologic entity.
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PMID:[Prurigo diseases]. 367 56

A long-term follow-up study (minimum 24 years) has been carried out on 955 individuals with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD), who in childhood had been in- or out-patients at the Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm. 62% of the in-patients and 40% of the out-patients still had dermatitis at investigation. The most common site was the hands. Eczematous hand involvement in childhood had been of predominant importance for the occurrence of hand eczema in adult life. Both tabular and stepwise logistic regression analyses revealed that the prognostically unfavorable factors as regards healing were, in order of importance, severe (widespread) dermatitis in childhood, family history of AD, associated allergic rhinitis, and/or bronchial asthma (with allergic rhinitis as the dominant of these two factors), female sex and early age at onset. Fewer than 20% of the individuals with all these prognostic factors were healed at the time of investigation, whereas 85% of those with none of the factors were healed. Persistent dry/itchy skin in adulthood was also found to be associated with persistent or recurring AD to a significantly (p less than 0.001) higher degree than normal skin. As this factor cannot be used as a predictor in childhood, it was not included in the regression analyses.
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PMID:Long term follow-up in atopic dermatitis. 385 60

A series of 955 persons aged 24-44 years, with atopic dermatitis in childhood, were interviewed in order to identify factors which increase the risk of developing hand eczema in adult life, or aggravate already existing hand eczema. Endogenous (constitutional) factors were in general of greater importance than exogenous factors, viz. chemicals, water, soil and wear (friction). Eczematous involvement of the hands in childhood was of predominant importance. In individuals without such involvement, severe (widespread) dermatitis in childhood was a dominant factor. Other factors, each of them significantly more important than the exogenous ones, were persistent eczema on other parts of the body and dry/itchy skin. The factors female sex, family history of atopic dermatitis and simultaneous bronchial asthma/allergic rhinitis were associated with increased risk of developing hand eczema in adult life, but were of limited importance compared with the other endogenous and the exogenous factors.
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PMID:Factors influencing the occurrence of hand eczema in adults with a history of atopic dermatitis in childhood. 401 65

In a study of 46 patients with nodular prurigo (NP), potential metabolic causes of pruritus, such as anaemia, hepatic dysfunction, uraemia and myxoedema, were present in 50%. Focal causes of pruritus were important in 37% and included insect bites, venous stasis, folliculitis and nummular eczema. Psycho-social disorders were recorded in over 50% of patients and were considered relevant in 33%. Clinical and histological appearances ranged from classical NP to chronic lichenified eczema. Neural hyperplasia was not a prominent feature.
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PMID:Nodular prurigo--a clinicopathological study of 46 patients. 406 79

Low-humidity dermatoses arise in the work place as a result of low water content of the air. At a relative humidity of 10% or less, the horny layer becomes rigid and brittle. The combination of low humidity, high temperature, and, frequently, rapid air movement dehydrates the outer stratum corneum. This leads to pruritus and, finally, to low-grade eczema. A roughened, scaly stratum corneum becomes more susceptible to mechanical trauma. Microtrauma from small particles can aggravate the dry scaly dermatosis. Low-humidity lesions resolve quickly with the simple expedients of routine use of moisturizers and/or raising the relative humidity.
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PMID:Low humidity and microtrauma. 407 35

The authors report a case of larva currens following systemic steroid administration for acute contact eczema. The patient was found affected with subclinical strongyloidiasis. Strongyloides is not very common in Northern Italy; it is occasionally diagnosed from stool samples from patients complaining of persisting itching.
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PMID:Larva currens following systemic steroid therapy in a case of strongyloidiasis. 407 6

A capsule containing nickel sulphate (2,8 or 5,6 mg Ni) was given to 43 women with nickel contact allergy. They were all observed 24 hours later. In 9 patients no reaction was seen. Thirty-four had positive reactions: in 27 a flare up of previously affected areas of contact, in 8 patients pompholyx eczema type of the hands was observed, 23 complained of pruritus, secondary eruptions and in 4 even urticarial rush. Similar study was performed in a control group of 10 women, without any reactions. The authors compare the results of this study with others previously reported.
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PMID:[Oral nickel administration in sensitized individuals]. 622 55

This clinical evaluation to determine the long-term therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of 0.05% halometasone ointment was carried out in fifty patients (forty-one with psoriasis and nine with chronic eczema) by seven dermatologists in Austria and Switzerland. The ages ranged from 19 to 76 years and the total duration of illness was more than 5 years in 62% of the trial population. The duration of treatment varied from 38 to 103 days (38-60 days in twenty-two patients, 61-90 days in twenty-five patients and 91-103 days in three patients). All patients received two non-occlusive applications of halometasone ointment per day. In this long-term study halometasone ointment exhibited very satisfactory therapeutic efficacy and very good tolerability. 'Good' to 'very good' results were reported in 73% and 89% of the patients with psoriasis and chronic eczema treated with halometasone ointment, respectively. Adverse effects were reported in only two (4%) patients who had transient itching at the site of application. Neither skin atrophy nor any systemic effect due to the transcutaneous systemic absorption of the corticoid was observed in this study, nor were any instances of contact skin allergy reported.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation on the long-term use of halometasone ointment in chronic eczema and psoriasis. 633 91

Hormones of the thyroid gland (thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine) control the metabolism of cells and tissue of the body, while parathormone and calcitonine are balancing the intra- and extracellular levels of calcium and phosphorus by governing some metabolic functions of bones, kidney and small intestine. Growth, maturation and metabolic homeostasis of the organism depend, among other intrinsic factors, on a normal production and secretory rate of both thyroidal and parathyroidal hormones. Clinical conditions of hyperthyroidism induce 1. increased metabolic turnover of the body with transcutaneous heat loss, 2. disordered growth of hairs and nails, 3. hyperpigmentation of skin, 4. pruritus with or without urticaria. Pretibial (usually symmetrical) myxedema may be associated with conditions of either hyper- or hypothyroidism (e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis); if combined with bilateral exophthalmus and acropachyderma of fingers and toes, it is called Diamond syndrome, or E.M.O. syndrome. In hypothyroidism, the skin feels chilly and dry, looks pale, and may present follicular keratoses with or without secondary eczema. The hair appears dull and sparse due to disordered anagen phase. Skin wounds heal with delay. Diffuse myxedema originates in the papillary and periadnexal connective tissue and eventually extends to the dermis as a whole. Clinical conditions of hyperparathyroidism rarely cause secondary calcification of the skin; they may induce severe pruritus, particularly in secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal failure. Impetigo herpetiformis or generalized pustular psoriasis, resp., may be set off by excessive surgical removal of the goiter. Congenital maldevelopment of both thymus and parathyroid gland leads to cellular immune deficiency with secondary chronic muco-cutaneous candidosis.
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PMID:[The thyroid gland, the parathyroid gland and the skin]. 648 58


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