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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The safety and efficacy of twice-daily applications of alclometasone dipropionate cream 0.05% were evaluated in 39 children with eczema during a three-week open study. Early-morning plasma cortisol levels were monitored at weekly intervals (visits 1, 2, and 3) for six children. For the remaining 33 children, levels were measured at visits 1 and 2 and two weeks later, at visit 4. Improvement in signs and symptoms of erythema, induration, and pruritus and a global response to therapy were determined weekly. Plasma cortisol levels remained within the acceptable normal range of 7 to 25 micrograms/100 ml throughout the study in all 39 children. At the conclusion of treatment, a favorable global response--complete clearing of monitored signs and symptoms--was observed in 28 (72%) children, and marked or moderate improvement was recorded for seven (18%) children.
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PMID:Topical corticosteroid therapy for children: alclometasone dipropionate cream 0.05%. 293 40

A 38-year old patient had been suffering, since the age of 17, from membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with chronic atopic eczema and recurrent sinusitis. Bouts of eczema with severe itching occurred simultaneously with sinusitis and proteinuria. Permanently extreme serum IgE levels (greater than 10,000 IU/ml), defective neutrophil chemotaxis and monocyte phagocytic function (Buckley's syndrome) were present. Because cyclosporin reduces excessive IgE levels in Brown Norway rats with mercuric chloride nephritis, we gave the patient this drug in daily doses of 3-4 mg/kg. A dramatic improvement resulted within a few days: itching disappeared, the eczema progressively cleared, proteinuria decreased to less than 0.5 g/day and serum IgE levels to 4000 KIU/l. Reduction of dosage was followed by recurrence of all clinical and biological signs. In spite of the improvement obtained, serum creatinine levels, which were initially high (200-250 mumol/l) rose up to 300 mumol/l after one year of treatment.
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PMID:[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with Buckley's syndrome treated with cyclosporin]. 295 74

Eighteen patients affected by itching, urticaria, eczema, angioedema, and asthma related to food-stuff intake were studied and classified in two groups (true food allergy and pseudoallergy) on the basis of clinical data, skin prick tests, total and specific IgE levels (PRIST and RAST) and double-blind challenge test. Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and T cell activation markers were thought to be tests possibly useful to discriminate between 'true' food allergy and 'pseudoallergy'. The present study failed to show either a significant increase in T cell activation markers (MLR4, Ia) or a significant decrease in AMLR proliferation in such subjects as compared to normal controls. In addition, we found no differences between 'true' allergic and 'pseudoallergic' patients on the basis of the parameters evaluated. Although the AMLR defect was reported both in asthma and in dermatitis, and therefore was thought to be related to atopy, the present data do not confirm this hypothesis in 'true' food allergy.
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PMID:T cell activation surface markers and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction do not differ in true and pseudo food allergy. 295 85

The efficacy and acceptability of 0.25% and 0.05% desoxymethasone, 0.1% betamethasone valerate and 1% hydrocortisone creams were compared in patients with eczema. A double-blind parallel group multi-centre design was employed in which 96 patients were recruited by four centres. Patients used one cream for a 3-week period and follow-up assessment visits were made at weekly intervals. Efficacy variables were: erythema/redness, scaling, itching and extent of area affected. These variables were assessed by both the investigator and the patient. The 0.25% desoxymethasone was the most effective treatment, producing the greatest degree of improvement in all clinical parameters, hydrocortisone was the least effective and 0.05% desoxymethasone was of intermediate effectiveness. The 0.1% betamethasone produced similar results to 0.25% desoxymethasone for half the assessments; for the other half the results were similar to 0.05% desoxymethasone. No adverse effects were reported during the study. The results are discussed in terms of physical properties of the vehicles and corticosteroid potency.
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of 0.25% and 0.05% desoxymethasone, 0.1% betamethasone valerate and 1% hydrocortisone creams in the treatment of eczema. 330 55

In a double-blind trial patients with atopic eczema received either oral evening primrose oil (EPO) (n = 14) or placebo (n = 11) for 12 weeks. In the EPO group a statistically significant improvement was observed in the overall severity and grade of inflammation and in the percentage of the body surface involved by eczema as well as in dryness and itch. Patients in the placebo group showed a significant reduction in inflammation. The patients receiving EPO showed a significantly greater reduction in inflammation than those receiving placebo. Evening primrose oil caused a significant rise in the amount of dihomogammalinolenic acid in the plasma phospholipid fatty acids. Plasma levels of TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE1, and the amount of TXB2 released into serum during clotting were not altered by evening primrose oil.
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PMID:Evening primrose oil in the treatment of atopic eczema: effect on clinical status, plasma phospholipid fatty acids and circulating blood prostaglandins. 330 86

Based on the disagreements about the role of atopy in the condition known as atopic dermatitis, it is not surprising that there have been divergent views concerning the appropriate treatment of the disease. A large population of physicians, including most dermatologists and some allergists, believe that the fundamental approach to a successful outcome of the dermatitis is to control the itching and to improve the chronic dryness of the skin. Following a completely different approach are physicians, including many allergists, who are convinced that atopic dermatitis usually involves an imbalance of, or an abnormality in, the immunologic system. For this group, one of the main features of treatment is to remove or avoid offending allergens. Because of the demonstrated pathogenic role of food allergy in the majority of patients with eczema, any child with chronic moderate or severe disease that requires daily medications should be considered for allergic evaluation of this disorder. Further studies still need to be performed concerning the role of environmental and food allergens and the early- and late-phase reactions in atopic dermatitis.
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PMID:An allergist's view of atopic dermatitis. 352 80

Alclometasone dipropionate 0.05% and hydrocortisone 1.0% ointments were applied twice daily for three weeks to bilateral, paired eczematous lesions of children. Study ointments were assigned to left- and right-sided test sites in a randomized, double-blind manner. The potential of these preparations to induce clinically significant cutaneous atrophy was evaluated in 34 children by visual assessment of the test sites under magnification for telangiectasia. Efficacy was evaluated in 32 children by ratings of the severity of erythema, induration, and pruritus and global evaluations of eczema at the test sites. Safety and efficacy evaluations were performed prior to initial application of the study agents and after each week of treatment. Telangiectasia and other signs of cutaneous atrophy were not observed at any test site during the study, and treatment was well tolerated. Only one of the 34 children experienced an adverse effect: a mild, transient urticarial rash occurring with the application of both study ointments during the first week of the study. In general, the ointments were equally effective in relieving the children's signs and symptoms of eczema. After three weeks of therapy, improvement in the total score of ratings of the severity of signs and symptoms averaged 88% at alclometasone-treated sites and 86% at hydrocortisone-treated sites.
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PMID:Alclometasone dipropionate 0.05% vs hydrocortisone 1.0%: potential to induce cutaneous atrophy in children. 356 65

Condom sales rose in the 1980s because condoms protect against the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. In anticipation of corresponding increase in the incidence of condom dermatitis, a dermatologist prepared a brief overview of the condition and ways to treat it to prepare health professional for the anticipated increase. In men, allergic reactions may consist of edema of the penis, especially the prepuce; penile itching; and eczematous dermatitis which extends to the scrotum, inguinal areas, and the inner thighs. Symptoms in women vary and may include pubic and groin dermatitis, vulvitis, pruritus vulvae, a burning vaginal sensation, vulval redness and edema, and eczema on nearby skin. Antioxidants or accelerators in the rubber are generally responsible for condom dermatitis. When a health professional believes the dermatitis to be allergic rubber condom dermatitis, he/she should request patch tests for the same make of condom that came in contact with the patient and for rubber chemicals known to induce an allergic reaction, e.g., mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT). To assist, the dermatologist includes a patch test series for such allergens. Natural latex condoms and condoms made of processed sheep intestine cecum may prevent most allergic reactions. Sometimes patients are allergic to condom lubricants, and not the rubber itself. Health professionals must be sure to inform dermatitis patients allergic to the lubricant to not switch to oils or petroleum jelly because they destroy the rubber. Spermicidal contraceptive agents also can cause contact dermatitis, particularly nonoxynol 9. A condom with corn starch can produce urticaria. Further, paralyzed male patients are especially prone to allergic dermatitis from either the rubber in the condom urinals and/or the medical adhesive.
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PMID:Condom dermatitis in either partner. 358

A half-sided, single-blind, comparative study of a new modified formulation of 1% hydrocortisone/10% urea and 0.1% betamethasone valerate cream in the treatment of dry eczema showed that the two products were equally effective at the end of 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment in terms of efficacy and speed of action. No statistically significant differences could be detected between either preparation in any of the trial's measures (i.e. overall severity score, dryness/scaling, erythema, papules, itching, excoriation or lichenification) at any of the weekly assessments. The incidence of side-effects was the same with both treatments and patients' preference was equally divided between the two creams.
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PMID:Comparison of a modified hydrocortisone/urea cream and betamethasone valerate cream in the treatment of dry eczema. 358 24

Based on experiences in homes for the aged in Singapore, the following may be useful guidelines when dealing with dermatological cases in old people: Diagnosis can be difficult: common diseases come first. The clinical picture is often altered by the patient's self-medication: search for the primary disease. Expect considerable interference of your therapy by other medication. Keep therapy as simple as possible. Refrain from oral medication. Scabies is more common than usually thought and often difficult to recognize when the general standard of hygiene is high. Creams and ointments are not helpful in stasis eczema and leg ulcers. Diuretics often do not work in ankle oedema and its skin complications. Compressive bandages or elastic stockings are cheaper and safer. Antihistaminics rarely work to relieve itch, but cause considerable drowsiness. Use them only for urticaria. Many elderly have a dry skin: soap can cause itch and dermatitis.
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PMID:Skin problems in the aged. 359 1


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