Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a double-blind crossover study, oral papaverine hydrochloride in doses of 150-300 mg t.i.d. was compared to placebo as an adjunctive treatment of atopic dermatitis. Twenty patients completed both 2-week phases of the crossover during which time the physician's weekly evaluation included an estimate of percentage skin involvement with disease, global evaluation and the grading of the erythema, scale and lichenification of a representative plaque. The patients' evaluation included their assessment of the degree of pruritus, and an estimate of the percentage of the day pruritus was present as well as a global evaluation of disease. Papaverine demonstrated no statistically significant advantage over placebo for any of the parameters measured and was noted to cause transient asymptomatic liver function test abnormalities in 3 of the study patients.
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PMID:Papaverine hydrochloride in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial to reassess safety and efficacy. 176 10

An eight week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of oral zinc sulphate 185.4 mg per day was undertaken in 50 children with atopic eczema aged 1-16 years. In those receiving zinc there was no significant improvement in disease severity as assessed by surface area affected and degree of erythema, symptom scores of itch, sleep disturbance and redness of skin, or weight of emollient or topical steroid use.
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PMID:Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. 178 22

An illustrative case report and a series of 18 well-documented cases of lichen striatus are presented. The mean age at diagnosis was 3 years (6 months to 14 years; median 2 years). The lesions were predominantly distributed on the trunk in 33% of cases and on the limbs in the remaining two thirds (upper limb: 48%; lower limb: 19%). Pruritus was noted in only 1 of 18 cases. Six cases were associated with clinical features of atopy and/or minor signs of atopic dermatitis (e.g., pityriasis alba). Two cases were considered to be clinically associated with lesions consistent with psoriasis. The mean duration was 9.5 months (4 weeks to 3 years; median 6 months). In one patient, two relapses occurred in 4 years. Hypochromic sequelae were noted in 50% of cases. Lichen striatus is the most common acquired self-limited linear eruption in childhood that follows Blaschko's lines. A new acronym is proposed to emphasize the developmental background of the disease: BLAISE for Blaschko linear acquired inflammatory skin eruption.
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PMID:Lichen striatus: a Blaschko linear acquired inflammatory skin eruption. 179 Dec 21

We report the case of 3-year-old girl with condyloma acuminatum. She was brought to our clinic with pruritus, painful urination and four discharge and treated with electrocautery. Histological examination revealed acanthosis, nuclear basophilic inclusions and vacuolar degeneration. In this case, transmission of the human papilloma virus might have occurred during close, non-sexual contact with the infected mother, and the depressed immune response associated with atopic dermatitis appears to have played an important role in the development of the condyloma acuminatum infection.
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PMID:Condyloma acuminatum in a 3-year old girl. 179 45

Two paired-comparison left-right studies were conducted with patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. In study 1, 18 patients were treated with low-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on one body-half and with combined UVA and UVB (UVAB) on the other 3 times a week for up to 8 weeks. Eight effect variables were recorded. Statistically significant differences in favor of UVAB were seen for 3 variables analyzed, total score, overall evaluation score and pruritus score. The healing score was likewise better with UVAB; 17 patients achieved healing or considerable improvement as compared with 5 patients with UVB treatment. The result was judged to be better with UVAB in 16 subjects and equal in 2. In none of the cases did low-dose UVB yield better results. Sixteen patients preferred UVAB to UVB, 2 had no preference, but none preferred low-dose UVB. In study 2, the arms or legs of 25 patients were treated with UVA and UVAB, respectively, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. UVAB proved to be better when comparing total score and overall evaluation score. No difference in pruritus score was detected. The healing score favored UVAB. Twenty-three patients healed or improved considerably with UVAB as compared with 17 patients with UVA. Better results were achieved with UVAB in 15 patients, with UVA in 4, and both therapies yielded equal results in 6 cases. Eighteen patients preferred UVAB, 5 UVA and 2 neither. Both UVA and UVAB yielded scores superior to untreated control patches.
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PMID:Phototherapy for atopic dermatitis with ultraviolet A (UVA), low-dose UVB and combined UVA and UVB: two paired-comparison studies. 181 25

While there are increasing data supporting the view that mite allergen sensitivity is one of the major causes of atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as asthma, it is practically difficult to avoid house dust allergens as part of the management of AD. Therefore, we served a conditioned room in which mites were eliminated to the level less than 3 mites/m2, named mite free room (MFR) for experimental treatment of AD to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of the mite-free condition. Thirteen relatively severe patients with high-IgE RAST score to the mite allergens were treated with night time admission to the MFR without disturbing their social activities in the day time. Our MFR treatment gave eleven of the thirteen patients relief from itch and dermatitis within 2 to 3 weeks, yet they stayed average only 11 hours a day in the MFR. These results may provide a possible candidate in the treatment of AD instead of topical and/or systemic medicines of which prolonged usage is sometimes associated with adverse side effects.
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PMID:[The mite-free room (MFR) for the management of atopic dermatitis: living in the MFR improved first the itch and then the dermatitis]. 189 45

While the pathomechanisms of respiratory atopy are rather well established, the role of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in the elicitation and maintenance of eczematous skin lesions in atopic eczema is still controversial. Few diseases are characterized by an equally elevated production of IgE antibodies as atopic eczema. Many authors, however, regard this only as epiphenomenon. On the other hand, there is clearcut clinical evidence for exogenous elicitation of atopic eczema by contact with aero or food allergens. A variety of hypotheses may help to explain the participation of IgE antibodies in the induction of eczema: vasoactive mediators secreted by skin mast cells or basophils after allergen contact may produce itch, contact urticaria or a 'late-phase-reaction' with consequent eczematous skin changes further maintained by scratch responses. Recent investigations stress a possible role of Langerhans cells in the epidermis with a low affinity receptor for IgE with possible function for antigen presentation, mediator release or regulatory interactions. Certain cytokines such as interleukin-4 or gamma-interferon are able to enhance the expression of the IgE-receptor on the surface of Langerhans cells. IL-4 and gamma-interferon act synergistically in this respect on Langerhans cells, contrary to B cells. Furthermore lymphocytes may act directly via certain cytokines (e.g. histamine releasing factor, chemotactic factors etc.) on mast cells or eosinophil granulocytes in a proinflammatory sense. Eosinophils seem also to be involved in the inflammatory response in atopic eczema by releasing products such as major basic protein (MBP) or eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) which has been found to be elevated in severe atopic eczema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Atopic eczema, Langerhans cells and allergy. 193 74

The effect of ten days' treatment with cyclosporin A, 5 mg/kg/day, in 10 adults with atopic dermatitis was investigated using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Evaluation was based on itch recording, clinical scoring and immunohistochemical examination of skin biopsy specimens. Cyclosporin A significantly reduced the itch intensity, the eczema score and the consumption of topical hydrocortisone. A significant decrease in serum magnesium and in the total number of blood eosinophils was seen. No other laboratory abnormalities were observed. In lesional skin, Cyclosporin A induced a relative decrease of CD3+ T cells in 5/10 patients, of HLA-DR+ cells in 6/10, and of interleukin-2-receptor positive (CD25+) cells in 4/10. However, these changes in phenotype expression did not seem necessary for itch relief. Relapse of clinical symptoms was seen within 2-30 days of completion of the Cyclosporin A course. The mechanism of the antipruritic effect remains unclear, but the present findings may support the hypothesis that 'pruritogenic cytokines', whose production is inhibited by Cyclosporin A, may be important in the pathogenesis of itch in atopic dermatitis.
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PMID:Antipruritic effect of oral cyclosporin A in atopic dermatitis. 197 58

Histamine is known to be a classical inducer of pruritus. In atopic eczema, itch is a prominent feature (regarded by some even as a 'primary lesion'!). One of the most potent chemical mediators of itch is histamine. Histamine, together with other mediators may play a role in the pathophysiology of atopic eczema: the increased release of histamine from basophil leucocytes of atopic patients has been described, as well as elevated histamine levels in plasma and skin during acute exacerbations of eczematous lesions. Therefore, application of H1 antagonists seems to be a rational regime in the symptomatic treatment of atopic eczema. Nevertheless, some controversy exists regarding the clinical efficacy of orally applied H1 antagonists in this disease, especially with regard to the newer non-sedating compounds such as terfenadine, astemizole, loratadine and cetirizine. Review of the literature shows that there are studies demonstrating a clear-cut antipruritic effect of non-sedating H1 antagonists. Thus the sedative action does not seem necessarily to be connected with therapeutic efficacy in treating itch in atopic eczema. Newer studies show that cetirizine exerts an additional inhibitory effect on eosinophils. This may broaden the therapeutic spectrum of this H1 antagonist in diseases with eosinophil involvement.
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PMID:Histamine, antihistamines and atopic eczema. 198 Aug 56

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by dryness and itch of the skin. In this study, we measured the phospholipid content and the fatty acid pattern of lesional and lesion-free epidermal keratome biopsies on 15 patients. For comparison, epidermal biopsies were obtained from healthy individuals undergoing plastic surgery. The phospholipid content of atopic epidermis was nearly twice as high as in healthy epidermis. Monounsaturated fatty acids in the phosphoglycerides were significantly increased (p less than 0.001) and n-6 fatty acids were significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) in lesional atopic epidermis compared to lesion-free epidermis. The content of esterified arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine from lesional epidermis was only 49% of that found in healthy epidermis (p less than 0.001). The content of free arachidonic acid was 47% higher (p less than 0.05), whereas the content of free long-chain saturated fatty acids was decreased by 29% (p less than 0.01), in lesional compared to lesion-free atopic epidermis. The disease severity, calculated as an arbitrary index, correlated inversely with the n-6 fatty acid content of lesion-free atopic epidermis (r = -0.89, p less than 0.001). Our findings suggest that atopic epidermis is characterized by an increased activity of phospholipase A2 and an incomplete transformation of phospholipids into other lipid classes.
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PMID:Abnormalities in epidermal lipid metabolism in patients with atopic dermatitis. 198 85


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