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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The majority of patients with idiopathic pruritus ani respond favorably to conservative treatment. Moreover, response to specific medical therapy is almost always favorable in certain dermatologic diseases such as psoriasis, mycotic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. When surgery is performed for anorectal disorders such as hemorrhoids and fistulas, or potentially malignant entities such as extramammary Paget's disease, the accompanying pruritus ani invariably improves as well. Only patients with chronic intractable pruritus ani are included in the current study. Methylene blue (methylthionine chloride) 0.5 percent is injected intracutaneously on the anodermal and perianal skin. With one treatment, long-term cure has been observed.
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PMID:Treatment of intractable pruritus ani. 239 Sep 13

A long-term follow-up study (24 years minimum) was made of 955 individuals aged 24-44 years, who had atopic dermatitis (AD) in childhood. The material was divided into two groups; patients who in 1952-56 had been hospitalized on at least one occasion at the Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm (Group 1), and patients who in 1955-56 had been out-patients in the same department (Group 2). At the time of investigation 62% and 40% of the patients in Groups 1 and 2 respectively had ongoing dermatitis, the majority with mild skin lesions. The frequency of healing of AD and severity of persistent or recurring dermatitis were influenced by several factors. In order of relative importance, disregarding sampling errors, persistent dry/itchy skin in adult life, widespread dermatitis in childhood, associated allergic rhinitis, family history of AD, associated bronchial asthma, early age at onset, and female sex were associated with low frequency of healing and increased severity of persistent or recurring dermatitis.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in atopic dermatitis. 241 Oct 75

Trichobilharzia szidati causes a parasitic disease of water fowl that may lead to a badly itching but otherwise harmless dermatitis in man (swimmer's itch). At an outbreak at a small lake in Offenburg that is used for swimming, the state health office as the agency responsible for water quality control assessed the situation from an epiemiological perspective and took protective measures. A medical anthropological field study, employing the techniques of observation and interviews, looked into illness experience, behaviours and attitudes and thus provided an empirical basis for this assessment.
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PMID:[Duck bilharziasis in the medical anthropologic perspective. Interview data as a principle for public health control measures]. 252 97

Occupational diseases of the skin have been detected in 19.6% of 352 workers engaged in molybdenum production. These diseases are characterized by a relatively low incidence on the dermatitis transformation into eczema and a considerable length of this process, by weak skin reactions to molybdenum tests (with 20% aqueous solution of ammonium paramolybdate), by the predominance of skin itching in the clinical picture, by a secondary pyococcic infection, and by frequent combination of eczema with allergic involvement of the ENT organs. Experimental and clinical immunologic studies have revealed that mostly humoral immune mechanisms with a relatively weak involvement of the T-lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of the dermatoses due to molybdenum exposure; this fact is responsible for poor clinical manifestation of the delayed type hypersensitivity reactions and at the same time a manifest IgE-dependent pattern of allergic reactions. A clear-cut correlation between the frequency of the dermatoses and molybdenum level in environmental dust was detected, as were a considerable molybdenum contamination of the skin and the fact that hot and humid microclimate are conducive to the development of dermatoses. Basing on the results of these studies, the authors have developed recommendations on the diagnosis and prevention of molybdenum-induced dermatoses.
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PMID:[Clinico-immunologic characteristics and prevention of occupational allergic dermatoses due to molybdenum exposure]. 253 14

Exposure to marijuana was believed to be responsible for clinical signs consistent with allergic inhalant dermatitis in a dog. The dog had facial and pedal pruritus associated with bilateral ocular discharge. Clinical signs resolved when the dog was kenneled, but returned when the dog was returned to its home. The results of intradermal skin testing, using a standard tray of 51 inhalant extracts, did not adequately account for the dog's clinical signs. Later, the owners indicated that previous residents of the owners' home had cultivated marijuana intensively inside and outside of the home. Intradermal skin testing with a source of marijuana pollen extract was performed, yielding a positive reaction in the dog and a negative reaction in another dog without clinical or historical evidence of allergic inhalant dermatitis. The affected dog was treated successfully and exclusively by hyposensitization with marijuana pollen extract.
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PMID:Allergic inhalant dermatitis attributable to marijuana exposure in a dog. 259 43

In a collaborative study with small-animal veterinary surgeons, dogs with fur and skin conditions were treated with biotin (approximately 5 mg biotin/10 kg body weight/day) for 3 to 5 weeks. In total 119 cases could be treated which were reported to show symptoms such as dull coat, brittle hair, loss of hair, scaly skin, pruritus or dermatitis. Cases requiring other treatments with e.g. glucocorticoids, were excluded from the study. In 60% of the cases all symptoms were reported to be cured after the biotin treatment and in a further 31% an improvement was noted; in only 9% no effect was recorded. All breeds responded but to a variable extent: e.g. in Poodles the response was lower (no response in 6 out of 11 cases) than in Alsatians where all improved and 14 out of 29 were completely cured. The results confirm the favourable effect of biotin for treatment of fur and skin conditions in dogs.
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PMID:Clinical study on the effect of biotin on skin conditions in dogs. 260 24

The antifungal efficacy and tolerability of naftifine (cream, gel, 1% solution), were tested in an open, mycologically controlled study in 29 patients (mean age 32.7 +/- 2.8 years; 15 males, 14 females) with dermatomycosis caused by dermatophytes and yeasts. Particularly, 16 patients were affected with Tinea corporis; 11 patients by Pityriasis Versicolor and 2 other by cutaneous candidiasis. The mean treatment period was 32.9 days in a range from 1 to 44 days. Only one patient, with cutaneous candidiasis dropped out on the first day, because of a primary irritative dermatitis. All the remaining patients (96.4%) were recovered, and the severity of clinical symptoms, particularly erythema and itching, showed a very rapid decline. Two weeks after the treatment, a relapse emerged from a fungal growth culture, only in 2 patients (6.8%) affected with Microsporum canis. Local side effects, mostly burning, were recorded in 2 patients (6.8%).
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PMID:[Evaluation of the efficacy of a new antimycotic molecule for topical use: naftifine]. 262 Sep 16

Oral azathioprine was compared with placebo in a double-blind controlled trial of therapy in chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD), a rare eczematous photodermatosis. Eighteen severely affected patients were randomly allocated to azathioprine 50 mg t.d.s. or placebo over a 2-year period. Severity of itch and rash were assessed weekly by each patient on a visual analogue scale and overall clinical status monthly by a medical observer. Monitoring of patient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure was undertaken throughout treatment by polysulphone film lapel-badge dosimetry. Five of 8 patients treated with azathioprine but none of 10 placebo patients achieved remission within 6 months. One patient could not tolerate treatment because of gastrointestinal effects. No haematological or hepatic abnormality was noted. The marked improvement in clinical status of actively treated patients (P less than 0.02, Fisher's exact test), led to early termination of the trial. Oral azathioprine therapy is an effective and usually well tolerated treatment in chronic actinic dermatitis.
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PMID:Azathioprine treatment in chronic actinic dermatitis: a double-blind controlled trial with monitoring of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 240 Jul 29

Allergic contact dermatitis is a classical type IV delayed hypersensitivity immune response. This cell-mediated response is also known as hapten-type delayed hypersensitivity. Allergic contact dermatitis may be viewed as hyperreactivity of the skin immune system. In the present view of allergic contact dermatitis, individuals are born in a state of tolerance to environmental haptenic allergens. During life, sensitization to any hapten(s) may occur. Subsequent elicitation of a sensitized individual then leads to dermatitis, often accompanied by severe pruritus. Human epidermal Langerhans cells play a central role during the sensitization stage. These antigen presenting dendritic cells, loaded with environmental haptens, continuously leave the epidermis through the lymph vessels and, upon arrival in the paracortical T-cell areas of the skin draining lymph nodes, they differentiate into interdigitating cells. There is now in-vitro evidence for such a maturation of human Langerhans cells into interdigitating cells. Any given individual may be sensitized to any particular hapten by this route. Allergic contact dermatitis is probably a skin-specific disease because of the capacity of Langerhans/interdigitating cells to induce relatively naive T-cells to become memory T-cells. Factors determining the ultimate outcome in this continuous hapten presenting process, i.e. whether or not the original state of tolerance will persist, are still enigmatic. During elicitation, when the allergenic hapten is applied epicutaneously to a sensitized individual, a focal accumulation of immune response associated cells producing a wide variety of cytokines and inflammatory mediators ultimately results in the clinical condition of allergic contact dermatitis. Langerhans cells do not seem to play a major role during this stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunology of contact dermatitis. 269 11

The incidence of mange in dairy buffalo in India has increased significantly in recent years. The authors record an outbreak of mange affecting a dairy herd stocking about 30,000 buffalo and 1000 cows. The mange mites were either Sarcoptes scabiei or Psoroptes ovis, or a mixed infestation of both. The morbidity rate was 5-30% varying from group to group, with 100% in a severely affected group. Signs noticed were progressive dermatitis, alopecia, keratinization, skin thickened and wrinkled, intense itching and marked loss of condition often ending in death. Great losses of young animals from mange and gastrointestinal nematodes are very common in dairy herds in India. In view of their economic importance, the activity of ivermectin against naturally occurring mange and parasitic infections of adult buffalo and buffalo calves was determined. Ivermectin was administered by subcutaneous injection (IVOMEC 1% w/v - MSD AGVET) at a dose of 200 mcg kg-1 body weight. The efficacy was ascertained from the disappearance of mites from skin scrapings and the reduction in numbers of worm eggs in the faeces. The results of the treatment were dramatic: the mites disappeared within 2 weeks of the drug being administered in the majority of animals, with marked improvement in skin lesions. Four buffalo which had their entire body surface affected with mange needed a second dose on Day 28 for complete recovery. The effect on the nematodes was equally spectacular, with infections of Neoascaris vitulorum, Trichostrongylidae, Oesophagostomum spp. and Bunostomum being eliminated within 1 week of treatment.
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PMID:Efficacy of ivermectin against mange and gastrointestinal nematodes of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). 274 1


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