Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Weaned hairless rats were fed a diet deficient in fat, magnesium and folacin. After approximately 1 week, an erythematous dermatitis developed which was associated with extreme generalized pruritus. Scratching led to excoriations and hemorrhagic crusting. The acute stage (pruritic rash) resolved after several days and was followed by sporadic non-itching relapses. Subsequent to the onset of symptoms, rats were treated orally, once daily for 3 days with CyA, CyH or FK506. The immunosuppressants CyA and FK506 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of symptoms in contrast to CyH. The immediate clinical response was associated with changes in blood histamine, white blood cell counts and histological parameters. Since CyH is known to lack immunosuppressive activity, these results may indicate that the cutaneous changes induced by the nutritional deficiency are associated with immunological abnormalities. The results may also indicate mechanisms influenced by CyA and FK506 but not by CyH; for example, release of chemical mediators from inflammatory cells.
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PMID:Diet-induced dermatitis response of hairless rats to systemic treatment with cyclosporin A (Sandimmun), cyclosporin H and FK506. 128 11

An epidemic of Lyme borreliosis on Hokkaido island, Japan, was surveyed by questionnaire in 587 hunters. The 308 returns (52.4%) revealed episodes of tick bite (usually 2 or more) in 210 cases. Skin rashes appeared in 164 cases. Associated itching, pain, etc., but not skin rash, were more frequent after 2 or more tick bite. Previous determinations of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody titers in these subjects and in controls suggested an association with outdoor activities other than hunting, and among 33 cases of dermatological symptoms and 23 of articular symptoms, 4 and 2, respectively, were antibody-positive. Most of these antibody-positive subjects had suffered tick bite at least twice, but had had no antibiotic treatment. Three subjects with joint disorders were antibody-positive. These findings suggested that the many hunters exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi frequently carried latent infections, and that some had latent form of arthritis, dermatitis and other disorders.
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PMID:Questionnaire surveys of cases of tick bite and Lyme borreliosis in hunters in Hokkaido with reference to detection of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody. 128 20

This pathological sequence, although partly hypothetical, allows consideration of many points involved in therapy. These treatments arouse interest as to how they behave on the causal mechanisms. Thus, should symptomatic treatments that act on pruritus, xerosis, skin inflammation, of which the effect may be only transitory be offered, or active therapy on the initial factors which may have a much more radical effect on the illness?
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PMID:[Physiopathology of atopic dermatitis]. 132 40

Twenty-nine pruritic, atopic dogs were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to evaluate the efficacy of an investigational antiallergenic compound, AHR-13268. Fourteen dogs were evaluated by a veterinary dermatologist (at intervals) and the owner (daily). Fifteen dogs were evaluated only by the owner. The mean (+/- SE) owner scores for pruritus, erythema, and lesions with placebo treatment (higher score = worse signs) were 3.24 (+/- 0.12), 2.73 (+/- 0.12), and 2.61 (+/- 0.09), respectively. With drug treatment, the corresponding scores were 2.89 (+/- 0.12), 2.50 (+/- 0.12), and 2.25 (+/- 0.09). Scores for pruritus and lesions (but not erythema) were significantly better with drug treatment than with placebo treatment. Investigator scores showed similar trends, but the differences were not great enough to be statistically significant. Overall, 11/29 (38%) owners reported their dogs had moderate or better improvement from drug capsules, and 4/29 dogs (14%) improved on placebo capsules. A variety of adverse effects were reported following both drug (9/29 dogs) and placebo (8/29 dogs) capsule administration, but were mild and well tolerated. Results of this study indicate that AHR-13268 has potential for empiric treatment of allergic inhalant dermatitis in some dogs.
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PMID:Efficacy of AHR-13268, an antiallergenic compound, in the management of pruritus caused by atopic disease in dogs. 135 Jan 85

Dimethyl cyanocarbonimidodithioate (CAS No. 10191-60-3) a raw material for cimetidine synthesis, is labelled as an irritant on its storage tank. There is no information available regarding the toxic effects of human exposure. We report a case of severe dermatitis clinically resembling erythema multiforme following an accidental exposure to dimethyl cyanocarbonimidodithioate in an occupational setting. A clerk sifted a handful of dimethyl cyanocarbonimidodithioate from an unlabelled bucket through his bare hands during an inspection prior to customs clearance. Five hours later, while he was washing his hands, pruritus, erythema and vesicles developed over the exposed area. The skin condition worsened within two weeks, extending to his whole body with generalized erythema and vesicles of various sizes. Some vesicles became confluent with ruptured bullae, resembling a second degree burn over 40% of the body. Elevation of the serum IgE (705 mu/mL, normal less than 300 mu/mL) and lymphocyte activation with an increased 3H-thymidine uptake by the patient's mononuclear cells suggested that this episode resulted from a cell-mediated allergic skin reaction. The skin lesions improved progressively after systemic steroid therapy for about two weeks. Dimethyl cyanocarbonimidodithioate is used as a raw material for cimetidine synthesis by some pharmaceutical manufacturers. Our experience suggests that a severe reaction similar to that caused by another H2-blocker, ranitidine and its intermediate may be caused by dimethyl cyanocarbonimidodithioate in occupational exposures. Systemic steroid administration is beneficial in treatment.
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PMID:Dermatitis caused by dimethyl cyanocarbonimidodithioate. 135 16

A report from Kampala, Uganda, compares the situation in 1991 to the state of chaos 10 years earlier when the regime of Idi Amin had been overthrown by Milton Obote's soldiers with the help of Tanzanian troops. Soldiers went on looting sprees, and 1 victim of their marauding became a 12-year old boy who got shot for refusing to part with his bike. In contrast, in 1991 things were much more peaceful; however, the AIDS epidemic was the new threat. The government radio transmits hourly warnings on HIV. Since President Museveni came to power, economy and security have improved radically. Shops and markets are open until late at night; public transport is reliable, and small scale industry flourished. There would be optimism about the future, if AIDS was not here. There is no doubt that the economy will soon be affected. According to the Kampala blood bank, 40% of the healthy population is already seropositive. In the hospitals the majority of admissions suffer from AIDS with diarrhea and an itching dermatitis; there is more cancer of the cervix and lymphoma; appendicitis is on the increase; and tuberculous lymph nodes are now quite common. Many of these patients have clinical AIDS. The government is frank about the situation and is active in preventive measures and education. Private charities and foreign aid organizations contribute. But the epidemic is so overwhelming, that some Western organizations might soon lose interest owning to meager returns on their efforts. A 6-year-old boy has grossly swollen lymph nodes around his neck, both parotids are painfully swollen, pus pours from the ears. A nonspecific cough and mild diarrhea are also present with an itching and sore herpes zoster on his left chest. the mother is frightened of losing him, and demurs at the hint of AIDS, since for her, AIDS means sexual promiscuity.
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PMID:A tale of one city. 139 51

The results of 7 months of patch testing with a standard series of 26 allergens in 323 children with eczematous conditions or itching palmoplantar psoriasis under the age of 14 years are reported. 114 (35.3%) of the children had 1 or more positive reactions to this standard series. 28 children (8.7%) were polysensitive. On the basis of personal history, additional series of allergens and/or specific allergens were also tested. 61.7% (90/146) of positive reactions were considered relevant to the current dermatitis. Metals, medicaments, preservatives or fragrances, and shoe components were the major sources of contact sensitization. It is suggested that patch testing be done more frequently in evaluating dermatitis in children.
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PMID:A multicentre study of contact sensitization in children. Gruppo Italiano Ricerca Dermatiti da Contatto e Ambientali (GIRDCA). 139 92

In 1937, Sulzberger and Garbe singled out an exudative discoid and lichenoid chronic dermatosis characterized by the combination of various symptoms which by themselves are not specific from the heterogeneous eczema group. The report of a 7-year-old girl is used as a basis to describe the characteristics of the disease and to present the authors' own interpretation. Clinically, there were discoid and lichenoid lesions with severe pruritus. Blood examination revealed eosinophilia. Histopathological examination of skin lesions showed psoriasiform, spongiotic, lichenoid dermatitis. A therapeutic regimen of oral corticosteroids led to complete regression of the skin changes. We feel that there are no clinical or histological findings to differentiate Sulzberger-Garbe disease definitely from extensive nummular eczema.
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PMID:[Sulzberger-Garbe exudative discoid and lichenoid chronic dermatosis ("Oid-Oid disease")--reality or fiction?]. 150

Hairy vetch poisoning (vetch-associated disease) of cattle is a generalized disease characterized pathologically by infiltration of skin and many internal organs by monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and often eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells and clinically by dermatitis, pruritus, often diarrhea, wasting, and high mortality. The disease was experimentally reproduced in an adult Angus female that had recovered from the natural disease 1 year earlier. She developed dermatitis on the 11th day of vetch feeding, and despite withdrawal from the vetch diet on the 12th day, death occurred 24 days after first day of vetch feeding. The cow developed lymphocytosis and hyperproteinemia. The results of other hematologic evaluations, blood chemical profiles, urinalysis, and cutaneous hypersensitivity tests using vetch lectin were normal. Lymphocyte blastogenesis studies with vetch lectin were not interpretable. Necropsy revealed gross lesions characteristic of the disease in the skin, heart, kidney, adrenal, and lymphoid tissues. Microscopically there was typical cellular infiltration in those organs and in the thyroid, liver, pancreas, salivary and mammary glands, urinary bladder, corpus luteum, and cerebral meninges. Cutaneous apocrine gland necrosis was present. The inflammatory reaction has qualities of a type-IV hypersensitivity reaction. Hypersensitivity may occur when constituents of the ingested plant are absorbed and act as antigens that sensitize lymphocytes and evoke the multisystemic granulomatous inflammatory response that characterizes the disease. Alternatively, vetch lectin may directly activate T lymphocytes to initiate the cellular response. Vetch-like diseases have been associated with a variety of diets that did not contain hairy vetch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) poisoning in cattle: update and experimental induction of disease. 151 93

Seven cases of fiberglass dermatitis among production operators in the electronics industry are reported. This was due to the repeated daily handling of printed circuit boards (PRCBs). The predominant complaint of the workers was itch of the lateral aspects of the fingers and finger webs. In six workers, unroofed vesicles, pinhead areas of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and excoriation marks were noted at these sites. Skin stripping of the affected sites confirmed the presence of fiberglass spicules in all cases. The glass fibers had diameters of 11-16 microns. Patch testing of six of the workers with the European Standard series of allergens revealed no relevant work-related contact sensitizers. Microscopic examination of the free edges and scrapings from the PRCBs showed glass fibers of similar fiber length and diameter to those found in the workers' skin. Fiberglass can be used as a reinforcement filling material in some types of PRCBs. Free edges of such PRCBs have easily detached fiberglass spicules. Workers in frequent contact with these PRCBs can have a fiberglass-induced irritant dermatitis. Preventive measures could include the use of PRCBs with less free fiberglass at its edges, vacuuming of the newly cut boards, use of dusting powder, protective devices and emollients, and improved personal hygiene of the workers.
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PMID:Fiberglass dermatitis from printed circuit boards. 153 70


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