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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pediculosis is one of the most conspicuous and important type of contagious disease among school children. Lice infestation is always accompanied with different clinical manifestations. Thirty lousy school children were clinically examined. The common manifestation was pruritus with or without lymphadenopathy. The least common manifestation was erythema. Other manifestations as excoriation, bite reaction, impetigo contagiosa, crusts behind ears. Conjunctivitis and psoriasis were also seen. It was concluded that school children are the group at high risk for lice infestation.
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PMID:Some clinical features of pediculosis among school children. 816 33

Conjunctivitis of allergic origin is associated with a diversity of clinical presentations. Common features include pronounced itching, a milky conjunctival appearance, a stringy or ropy discharge and papillary hypertrophy of the tarsal conjunctiva in severe cases, and a family history of allergy. The diagnosis should be based on thorough history-taking and careful ophthalmic examination, and, when necessary, confirmation by laboratory testing. An IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity mechanism is associated with most types of allergic conjunctivitis, although contact allergy is mediated by lymphocytes rather than antibody. Treatment is based on the diagnosis and severity of signs and symptoms. An array of medications is available to control symptoms, and the regimen of choice should be based on the response to milder forms of therapy and consideration of drug side effects.
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PMID:Conjunctivitis of allergic origin: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis. 823 3

While symptoms can be very distressing, patients with conjunctivitis general maintain good vision and recover completely without permanent sequelae. The great majority of cases of conjunctivitis are infectious or allergic in origin. Seen with increasing frequency are external eye diseases related to contact lens wear or prolonged use of ophthalmic medications. The various forms of conjunctivitis are often not associated with pathognomonic features. A thorough history and ophthalmic examination often permit a presumptive diagnosis and initiation of empiric therapy. For example, a chronic bilateral conjunctivitis, characterized by itching and papillary hypertrophy, suggests an ocular allergy, most frequently the result of exposure to airborne allergens. However, a number of causes, including infections and hypersensitivity reactions, have the potential to threaten vision or produce marked conjunctival scarring which must be identified by the use of appropriate laboratory techniques, followed by specific therapy. Most bacterial and viral conjunctivitis are self-limited, but antimicrobial therapy for the former is advocated to shorten the course, improve patient comfort, prevent recurrence, avoid complications and limit spread to other individuals.
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PMID:Differentiating conjunctivitis of diverse origins. 823 6

Forty-five patients with contact-lens-associated papillary conjunctivitis (CLAPC) were included in a 6-week double-masked group comparative study of unpreserved 2% nedocromil sodium eye drops and placebo. Data were collected by diary card recording of symptoms and duration of lens wear, assessment of symptoms at clinic visits, biomicroscopic appraisal of signs on the globe and the upper tarsal conjunctiva, and laboratory analysis of tear and serum IgE levels. All assessments were made by the same clinician throughout the study. Diary card records demonstrated that there was significantly less itching in the nedocromil sodium group compared with the placebo group during weeks 1-3 of the study (p < 0.01), but not during weeks 4-6. Findings for duration of lens wear were inconclusive, due to differences between the groups at admission. Biomicroscopic assessment showed a significant difference in mucus found on the upper tarsal surface in favour of nedocromil sodium by the end of the study (p < 0.02). Twenty-one patients experienced adverse events during the study. The most common were taste and/or stinging on insertion of the drops. No significant difference was seen for tear or serum IgE between the two treatment groups during the study.
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PMID:Nedocromil sodium in contact-lens-associated papillary conjunctivitis. 825 22

A total of 124 children of both sexes aged between 6 and 12 years with pollen-associated rhino-conjunctivitis were included in a multicentre double-blind study of parallel group design to compare the effects of cetirizine 10 mg daily, given as 5 mg morning and evening for 2 weeks, with those of placebo of identical appearance. Rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal obstruction and nasal and ocular pruritus were evaluated using symptom scores by patients on daily self-evaluation cards and by investigators who, in addition, made a global evaluation at the end of treatment. Appropriate wash-out periods for previous medicines were observed. Unchanged treatment of asthma was allowed and inhaled corticosteroids were continued in 3 placebo patients. Compliance was checked and found to be less than 80% of the prescribed dosage in 2 cetirizine patients. The mean percentage of study days when symptoms were absent or at the most mild (i.e. present but not disturbing), as reported daily by the patients, was significantly greater with cetirizine (56.2%) than placebo (29.7%). This 26.5% difference was considered clinically significant. The value of this method of expressing treatment effects in allergic rhinitis is discussed. Improvement in maximum symptom scores (severest symptoms) assessed by investigators was better for cetirizine than placebo after treatment for 1 week and 2 weeks. Improvement in individual daily symptoms was greater for cetirizine than placebo after a few days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A placebo-controlled trial of cetirizine in seasonal allergic rhino-conjunctivitis in children aged 6 to 12 years. 835 60

The charts of 126 extended wear contact lens patients (65 disposable and 61 conventional extended wear lens users) were reviewed for subjective and objective contact lens problems. We found that the number of complication events per person per year of lens wear was higher for conventional extended lens wearers than for disposable extended wear patients. There was a trend in both groups toward decreased numbers of complications in the second and third years of lens wear. Within each group, we also examined first time lens wearers and patients with a history of contact lens related complications. Both of these subgroups also fared better with disposable lenses, with fewer complication events per year and fewer complications overall. Of the 20 individual signs and symptoms that were analyzed, 13 occurred more frequently among conventional extended wear lens users; this difference was statistically significant for itching, burning and dryness, poor vision, foreign body sensation, torn and lost lenses, giant papillary conjunctivitis, mucus, and superficial punctate keratopathy. Five signs were more frequent among the disposable extended wear lens users, but the difference was not statistically significant. There were no cases of ulcerative keratitis in either group. The average wearing time was 11.2 +/- 5.9 days for conventional extended wear patients and 6.7 +/- 2.3 days in the disposable group. The difference in wearing time between the two groups may have been a factor in the higher complication rate among conventional extended wear lens patients.
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PMID:A comparison of conventional and disposable extended wear contact lenses. 837 36

Identification of latex sensitive individuals can be life saving. The American College of Allergy and Immunology has put forth the following recommendations: 1) Just as patients are routinely asked preoperatively about allergy to medications prior to treatment, a careful history should be obtained from every patient prior to any procedure involving contact with latex. Any patient who has a history of rash, itching, hives, rhinitis, swelling, or eye irritation or asthmatic symptoms after touching a balloon, rubber glove or any latex containing object is at risk for anaphylaxis. Previous medical history, of unexplained allergic or anaphylactic reactions during a medical procedure, may indicate sensitization. 2) Health care providers or other workers who give a history of only mild latex-glove eczema rarely have anaphylactic events. However, a history of work-related conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma, or urticaria may indicate allergic sensitization and increased risk for more severe reactions in the future. 3) The utility of screening tests for predicting anaphylaxis remains controversial. Suitable reagents for skin prick tests for latex are not commercially available at this time. Inasmuch as prick testing appears to carry a substantial risk of inducing anaphylaxis, this test must be considered experimental and it should only be done by experienced physicians with resuscitative equipment and personnel immediately available. Serum tests for latex-specific IgE, currently performed on a research basis at several laboratories, may confirm a suspected diagnosis in many cases but presently lack sensitivity to identify all patients with true latex allergy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Latex: a new occupational hazard for physicians. 840 30

Anecdotal reports have suggested that the use of disposable contact lenses is an effective treatment for giant papillary conjunctivitis. In a prospective randomized double-masked study, we compared the clinical performance of the Acuvue (Vistakon, Jacksonville, Florida) disposable contact lens to the traditional daily-wear lens of choice, CSI (Pilkington Barnes Hind, Sunnyvale, California), in 37 patients with previously diagnosed giant papillary conjunctivitis who were examined at one-month intervals for six months. A survey questionnaire for grading symptoms disclosed significant improvement in itching, discharge, and blurred vision in both groups early in the study. Evaluation of patient preference showed that the CSI lens was strongly preferred with regard to lens handling (76% vs 8%). In contrast, the Acuvue lens was strongly preferred with regard to lens comfort (62% vs 11%). For the variable of overall lens preference, there was no significant difference between the two lenses (CSI, 43% and Acuvue, 41%). Multiple regression analysis disclosed that both lens comfort (P < .002) and lens handling (P = .05) contributed significantly to the choices made regarding the dependent variable of overall lens preference. Lens comfort (beta = .71) was observed to be approximately 50% more powerful than lens handling (beta = .48). There was no significant difference in the rate or cost of torn lenses between groups, suggesting that the Acuvue lens can withstand the physical manipulation associated with daily-wear use for up to one month. The results of this study suggest that the use of disposable contact lenses for the treatment of giant papillary conjunctivitis is at least as effective as the traditional daily-wear lens of choice.
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PMID:Comparison of the clinical performance of the Acuvue disposable contact lens and CSI lens in patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis. 847 Jul 16

We report three cases of dengue with cutaneous signs that were observed in three women returning from Asia (and that were confirmed by serology). The exanthem has common characteristics: progressive appearance beginning on thewer limbs, macula-type elementary lesion associated with purpura, evolution in one single upward spread, confluent lesions with intervals of healthy skin, palmoplantar affection, disappearance of the eruption in an average of ten days, association with conjunctivitis in three cases, pharyngitis in two, epistaxis in two and haematuria in one. The lesions spread to the trunk in one patient only and another patient had pruritus. None of the patients showed signs of a state of shock. According to WHO and, despite the existence of haemorrhages and of a purpura, the three cases reported here cannot be considered as being dengue haemorrhagic fever due to the absence of hemoconcentration. The two types of cutaneous signs observed during the fever are described and their physiopathology is discussed.
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PMID:[Cutaneous signs of dengue. Apropos of 3 cases]. 850 68

The term ocular allergy encompasses a group of diseases in which there is a high frequency of atopy, ocular itching, stringy discharge and a papillary conjunctival reaction. Conditions confined to the lids and conjunctiva (e.g. seasonal allergic conjunctivitis) have a good prognosis but those involving the cornea may result in visual impairment (e.g. atopic keratoconjunctivitis). Mast cell and eosinophil mechanisms are important in al the ocular allergies, but T cell inflammation is prominent only in vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Therapy involves the use of antigen avoidance (where possible), nonspecific medical therapy (e.g. cold compresses, artificial tears), specific medical therapy and, in certain situations, immunotherapy and surgery. Topical antihistamines (often in combination with a vasoconstrictor) and oral antihistamines are widely used in perennial and seasonal conjunctivitis. Levocabastine is a new preparation which is more rapid and potent. Mast cell inhibitors [e.g. sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium)] have a proven track record as safe and effective therapy for all ocular allergic diseases and the newer, more potent nedocromil and lodoxamide are now available. Topical steroids are only indicated in sight-threatening disease due to their serious adverse effects and other therapy should be continued to minimise the dose required. There is a lack of intermediate potency and high potency but safe topical preparations. A number of future possibilities exist, some of which have been partially explored. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors have proved of limited use, but inhibitors of lipoxygenase and kinin pathways are awaited. Although results with HEPP have been disappointing, other modulators of mast cell function (e.g. picumast, beta-agonists and phosphodiesterase inhibitors) may prove useful in the future. So far, results with topical cyclosporin in serious disease are very encouraging. Future developments in the manipulation of eosinophilic products, cytokines and adhesion molecules may also be relevant. However, the current situation for those with serious ocular allergy remains a disturbing dependence upon topical steroids, with all the attendant risks.
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PMID:Therapeutic options in ocular allergic disease. 852 55


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