Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two men, aged 54 and 31 years respectively, developed an itching skin rash 18 and 6 months respectively after returning from a trip to Africa, the former also recurrent conjunctivitis. Two years and 6 months, respectively, passed from the time of first symptoms until the diagnosis of onchocerciasis was made. Both patients had an eosinophilia (10.5 and 19%) and specific antibodies against Onchocerca volvulus. Microfilaria were demonstrated in the skin of the younger man. The other one had bilateral corneal infiltrates. Both patients were treated with a single dose of ivermectin, 150 micrograms/kg. Within several months, the clinical symptoms and eosinophilia disappeared and the antibody titres decreased.
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PMID:[Onchocerciasis in travelers to the tropics]. 240 Nov 91

The efficacy and safety of permethrin 1% creme rinse and lindane shampoo were compared for the treatment of head lice (Pediculus humanus var. capitis). A total of 1040 patients in the Nezahualcoyotl community of Mexico City representing 296 family groups were enrolled and randomized to treatment, with one patient in each family designated as the index patient. Among index patients 98% treated with permethrin and 76% treated with lindane were louse-free 2 weeks after treatment (P less than 0.001). Comparable results were found with nonindex patients as well. Mild dermal reactions, such as pruritus or erythema, occurred in 1.2% of permethrin-treated patients and 2.6% of lindane-treated patients. There were no reports of central nervous system adverse effects or conjunctivitis.
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PMID:Comparative study of permethrin 1% creme rinse and lindane shampoo for the treatment of head lice. 243 21

Nasal challenges with pollen grains represent one of the techniques of provocation. However, the clinical criteria of positivity are not clearly established. Nasal challenges with increasing numbers of orchard-grass pollen grains were performed in 60 patients allergic to grass pollens and 20 normal subjects. Before any challenge, the nose was washed three times with saline and then lactose, and 50, 150, 450, 1350, and 4050 orchard-grass pollen grains were insufflated into the nostrils until a symptom score of 5 was reached. This score was mainly based on major symptoms of allergic rhinitis, for example, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sneezes, and to a lesser extent, on minor symptoms, such as pruritus, conjunctivitis, and pharyngitis. Nasal secretions were obtained after each challenge by lavage. Histamine was titrated by a radioimmunoassay with a monoclonal antibody against acylated histamine. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) was assayed with an enzyme immunoassay with a polyclonal antibody against PGD2 methoxamine. None of the normal subjects had a symptom score greater than 2; 55/60 patients had a positive challenge. The release of PGD2 was significantly (p less than 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test) correlated with a symptom score of 5; 74.5% of patients had a significant release of PGD2 in nasal secretions. In contrast, although 58.2% of patients had a release of histamine in nasal secretions when the challenge was positive, the correlation with symptom scores was not significant. PGD2 in nasal secretions increased 3.7-fold after a positive nasal challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlation between symptoms and the threshold for release of mediators in nasal secretions during nasal challenge with grass-pollen grains. 246 5

Forty-six of 152 consecutive adult rhinitis patients had perennial nonallergic rhinitis (PNR). Eighty-five percent of those with PNR presented with nasal congestion, whereas 15% presented with rhinorrhea. Their mean age was 40.5 years (range = 21-77), and 74% were female. Patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis in this series were characterized by ocular pruritus or burning, 28%; frontal headache, 22%; symptoms consistent with asthma, 33%; an unremarkable nasal mucosa, 96%; the absence of nasal polyps, 100%; nasal eosinophilia (greater than or equal to 5%), 10%; nasal neutrophilia (greater than or equal to 25%), 22%; numerous nasal bacteria, 12%; sinusitis, 6%; and a geometric mean IgE of 26.4 U/mL. This experience suggests that PNR is a common problem in a general allergy practice. Nasal obstruction, usually more difficult to treat than rhinorrhea, is the dominant symptom. Unexpected findings were frequent conjunctivitis and nasal neutrophilia.
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PMID:Perennial nonallergic rhinitis: a retrospective review. 248 Jul 28

A total of 65 patients with food allergy which manifested primarily by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi and skin were placed under observation. The patients were administered sodium chromoglycate (nalcrom) per os in a dose of 200 mg 4 times a day for 2-3 weeks, in part of cases up to 3 months and even up to 1-1.5 year. The skin manifestations of allergy (pruritus, urticaria, Quincke's edema, and eczematous rash), abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, bronchospasm, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis disappeared. At the same time the majority of the patients demonstrated the reduction of the intensity of skin responses to the administration of different food antigens, the decrease of the antibody titer in blood serum in response to food antigens, and of the IgE content in blood. The side effects (nausea, heartburn, intensification of skin itch and abdominal pain) were noted in 4 cases.
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PMID:[Treatment of patients with food allergy using Nalcrom]. 249 73

The efficacy and tolerability of Naaga (the magnesium salt of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate) and of sodium cromoglycate after intranasal application were tested and compared in 100 patients suffering from chronic allergic rhinitis. The study was conducted according to a randomized, double-blind design in four centers. The intensity and frequency of typical allergic symptoms such as nasal obstruction, sneezing, runny and itching nose, conjunctivitis, ocular itching and tear flow were recorded on a 4-point scale (absent, light, moderate and severe). The intensity of nasal and ocular symptoms was found to be marked for patients in two centers. For the patients in the other two centers the drugs' efficacy was difficult to assess because symptoms were not marked (rated either as absent or light) at the beginning of the study. Thus the assessment of efficacy was based on 60 patients (centers 1 and 2), while the assessment of tolerability was based on the whole patient sample (n = 100). There was no statistically significant difference between the two compounds in terms of efficacy. A total of five patients in each of both groups complained of moderate untoward effects (all patients from the same center).
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PMID:[NAAGA versus disodium cromoglycate in perennial allergic rhinopathy: results of a multicenter study]. 250 Jun 92

From clinical-pharmacologic and clinical data involving over 2,800 patients, astemizole appears to be a very effective and well-tolerated antihistamine. It is superior to placebo and commonly used antihistamines for the relief of rhinitis, particularly rhinorrhea and sneezing. It has a pronounced effect on ocular itching and lacrimation in conjunctivitis and on pruritus and wheals in urticaria. This superiority is due to a very specific, almost complete and sustained histamine H1-blockade. The clinical data confirm the experimental data in relation to its lack of sedative effects.
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PMID:Clinical profile of astemizole. A survey of 50 double-blind trials. 288 7

This study was a double-blind, parallel group comparison of terfenadine (TRF) 60 mg b.i.d. and mequitazine (MQZ) 5 mg b.i.d. for 7 days in the symptomatic treatment of acute pollinosis. The trial took place in the same geographic area and during the same pollen season (May-July 85), to ensure homogeneity of the study population. The fourteen investigators participating in this multicentre trial recruited 141 patients (69 TRF; 72 MQZ) suffering from well-documented pollinosis, mainly hay fever and sometimes allergy to tree pollens. Symptoms (nasal itching, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, obstruction, conjunctivitis) and possible somnolence were rated daily using a 4-point rating-scale of 0 to 3 by the patient on a diary card. Assessment of over-all efficacy and tolerability - focusing on atropinic side-effects - was made at the end of the seven-days treatment period by the physician, after reviewing the diary card and questioning the patient. The means score profile of each symptom for the study period was similar with the two treatments. Both had a fast onset of action with the regression of the total symptoms' score being already significant at day 1. Over-all assessment of efficacy at day 7 showed no significant difference between the two treatments. The daily somnolence scores however showed a clear and significant difference between the two drugs: the frequency of moderate to marked somnolence from day 2 to 7 was around 15% with MQZ and around 5% on days 2 to 5 and 0% on days 6 and 7 with TRF, the difference being significant on days 2, 5, 6 and 7.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A double-blind comparison of terfenadine and mequitazine in the symptomatic treatment of acute pollinosis. 308 1

This study was performed to investigate the inflammatory changes occurring in the human conjunctiva at different time periods after allergen provocation. Twenty-three ryegrass-sensitive patients with allergic conjunctivitis (19 with hayfever and four with vernal conjunctivitis) were challenged by topical administration of ryegrass antigen to the eye. Allergen concentrations were increased in increments until an immediate ocular allergic reaction was elicited. Numbers of various inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) found in conjunctival scrapings were quantified and correlated with the clinical profile, total serum IgE, and serum IgE to Rye I antigen. Twenty minutes after some level of antigen topical challenge to the eye, all patients had ocular redness, tearing, and itching. Compared with findings in seven control subjects, significant inflammatory cells were found in the conjunctival scrapings of patients before challenge (p less than 0.05) and 20 minutes (p less than 0.001) and 6 hours (p less than 0.002) after effective challenge. Significant increases in neutrophils of patients occurred after 20 minutes (p less than 0.001), and in eosinophils at 6 hours (p less than 0.005), compared with values of control subjects. When each case was evaluated individually, nine of the 23 patients had highly evident inflammatory changes 6 hours after allergen provocation. The levels of total serum IgE and serum IgE to Rye I antigen of these nine patients did not differ significantly from the other patients in the study. Our data provide the first evidence in humans that significant inflammatory changes in conjunctival scrapings are present long after allergen exposure has ended.
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PMID:Inflammatory changes in conjunctival scrapings after allergen provocation in humans. 229 2

The epidemiological and clinical features of primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection in 108 patients were studied. Of these, 69 (64%) were aged 15 or over and only eight (7%) were under the age of 5. Associated upper respiratory tract infection was found in 38 (35%) patients and systemic disorders such as mild malaise, fever, and aching in 34 (31%) patients. Common symptoms were redness, watering, discharge, itching, irritation, and lid swelling, whereas pain, photophobia, lid vesicles and ulcers, and blurred vision were less frequent. The major signs consisted of vesicles and ulcers on the lids, papillary responses which were more severe in the upper lid conjunctiva, follicles which were more common in the lower lid conjunctiva, fine and coarse epithelial punctate keratitis, and subepithelial punctate keratitis. Dendritic ulcers and disciform keratitis were found in 16 (15%) and two (2%) patients respectively. The clinical forms of primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection varied. Moderate or severe disease was observed in 41 (38%) and 16 (15%) patients respectively. In eight (7%) patients the disease presented as an acute follicular conjunctivitis without characteristic lid or corneal lesions. A chronic blepharoconjunctivitis which lasted for months developed in 16 (15%) patients. The epidemiological and clinical features in our patients were compared with features of the disease reported previously.
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PMID:Epidemiological and clinical features of primary herpes simplex virus ocular infection. 396 25


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