Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1 Corticosteroids are known to suppress evoked histamine release from human skin in vitro. Therefore the effect of prednisone, on cold evoked histamine release and clinical response was studied in six patients with acquired cold urticaria. 2 Following cold challenge all six patients developed an immediate urticarial response of the forearm and elevation of histamine levels, measured by superfusion cascade bioassay of the venous blood draining the forearm. 3 After treatment with prednisone, in an oral dose of 20-25 mg for 1 to 5 days, a suppression of evoked histamine release occurred in all but one patient. However, there was no corresponding decrease of erythema or oedema, though pruritus was improved in most patients. 4 The lack of clinical improvement in erythema and oedema, despite reduction in histamine levels, suggests that histamine may not be the principal mediator of the vascular response to cold challenge in acquired cold urticaria.
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PMID:Dissociation of histamine release and clinical improvement following treatment of acquired cold urticaria by prednisone. 617 Feb 99

The role of histamine in urticaria is reviewed with particular reference to experiments on cold contact urticaria. In this model, histamine release clearly has a central role, but the failure of drugs which suppress histamine release to alleviate symptoms, other than itching, suggests that other pharmacological agents must be involved. Evidence is presented that prostaglandin E may play a role in some of these patients. The discovery that human blood vessels possess H2 receptors as well as H1 receptors is discussed with particular reference to the role of combined H1 and H2 pharmacological blockade.
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PMID:Histamine and the skin. 619 May

Randomized double-blind trials using doxepin and several conventional antihistamines were carried out for treatment of patients with idiopathic cold urticaria. In the first double-blind trial, eight of nine patients preferred doxepin (10 mg three times daily) to cinnarizine (10 mg three times daily). In the second double-blind trial, the results of ice cube tests suppressing the effect of cyproheptadine (4 mg three times daily), doxepin (10 mg three times daily), and hydroxyzine (10 mg three times daily) did not statistically differ. However, doxepin was subjectively the most effective and it had fewer side effects than other treatments that were compared. Doxepin effectively suppressed the wheal and itching responses and shortened the duration of the wheal response in the ice cube test in all patients with cold urticaria who were studied.
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PMID:Comparison of cinnarizine, cyproheptadine, doxepin, and hydroxyzine in treatment of idiopathic cold urticaria: usefulness of doxepin. 648 Sep 53

The prevalence of autonomic disturbances in diabetics was investigated using a direct questionnaire. Compared to non-diabetics and healthy subjects, diabetics had a much higher incidence of paresthesia in the limbs (41%) and impotence (66%). These two symptoms proved to be important in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Other symptoms of autonomic disturbances in diabetics such as postural vertigo, abnormal sweating, diarrhea and constipation, abnormally cold or burning feet, itching, thirst, urinary bladder disturbance and libido decrease in females seemed to be non-specific for diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Paresthesia in the limbs, abnormally cold or burning feet, urine bladder disturbance and impotence were thought to be related to some degree to the duration, severity and complications of diabetes respectively.
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PMID:Prevalence of autonomic disturbances in diabetics as compared with non-diabetics and healthy subjects. 668 May 21

A 39-year-old nurse exhibited for one year an immediate-type asthmatic reaction with rhinorrhea and facial flushing and itching after ingestion of alcohol. The elimination of all alcohol-containing items from the operating theater brought relief from the daytime symptoms. Some dyspnea after salicylate ingestion and in cold weather persisted. Oral provocation tests with wine and pure ethanol and inhalation tests with ethanol vapours gave rise to all the known symptoms. Asthma could be prevented by prior inhalation of disodium cromoglycate, whereas facial itching and nasal reaction was prevented by oral ketotifen but not by cromoglycate.
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PMID:[Asthma and rhinitis induced by the ingestion of pure ethanol and by the inhalation of alcohol vapors]. 680 72

Ten healthy males between 18 and 33 years received 10 mg morphine sulfate intravenously, or by lumbar epidural injection at two sessions 2-4 weeks apart, in random sequence. The following observations were made at intervals for 22 h. (1) Segmental hypalgesia to ice and pin scratch. (2) Cold pressor response test in hand and foot as an index of analgesia. (3) Time of onset and duration of side effects. (4) Serum concentrations of morphine. Few non-respiratory changes were seen after intravenous morphine. Cold pressor response was unchanged in hand and foot, no segmental hypalgesia or itching occurred, and only one subject complained of nausea. Marked changes occurred after epidural morphine. Cutaneous hypalgesia to ice and pin scratch appeared in the thoracolumbar region all subjects. In six subjects hypalgesia rose to the midthoracic region during the second or third hour and to the trigeminal distribution between the sixth and ninth hour in five subjects. Cold pressor response fell rapidly in the foot during the first 1.5 h after epidural morphine, and a little later cold pressor response also fell in the hand in all subjects, and remained depressed for the duration of the experimental period. Pruritus occurred at three hours in nine of the 10 subjects, nausea at about four hours in six of the subjects, and vomiting at about six hours in five of the subjects. Hypalgesia and side effects were not related to serum concentrations of morphine. These results suggest that lumbar epidural morphine travels cephalad in the cerebrospinal fluid to reach the brain stem and fourth ventricle by the sixth hour.
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PMID:Rostral spread of epidural morphine. 708 27

Sixteen patients were seen because of possibly life-threatening exercise-associated symptoms similar to anaphylactic reactions. Asthma attacks, cholinergic urticaria and angioedema, and cardiac arrythmias are recognized as exertion-related phenomena in predisposed patients but are distinct from the syndrome described here. A syndrome characterized by the exertion-related onset of cutaneous pruritus and warmth, the development of generalized urticaria, and the appearance of such additional manifestations as collapse in 12 patients, gastrointestinal tract symptoms in five patients, and upper respiratory distress in 10 patients has been designated exercise-induced anaphylaxis, because of the striking similarity of this symptom complex to the anaphylactic syndrome elicited by ingestion or injection of a foreign antigenic substance. There is a family history of atopic desease for 11 patients and cold urticaria for two others and a personal history of atopy in six. The size of the wheals, the failure to develop an attack with a warm bath or shower or a fever, and the prominence of syncope rule against the diagnosis of conventional cholinergic urticaria. There is no history or evidence of an encounter with an environmental source of antigen during the exercise period.
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PMID:Exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 740 Apr 73

Lumbar epidural analgesia was administered to 60 ASA class 1 & 2 patients with 3 ml test dose of 1.5% lidocaine and bolus of 20 ml of 0.5% lidocaine containing 0.5 microgram/kg sufentanil. Bilateral decreased lumbar cold perception was accepted as evidence of analgesia despite persisting pinprick sensation in thoracic dermatomes. Oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate, cardiovascular parameters and leg muscle strength were monitored throughout and until 1 hour afterwards. Midazolam provided light sedation and atropine bradycardia control. Verbal communication was maintained. ESWL could start within 6-10 minutes of bolus, with analgesia adequate in 86% of patients, the rest being "rescued" with 5-10 ml 0.5% lidocaine or analgesic doses (20-30 mg IV) of ketamine. Leg weakness developed in 14%, with 1 patient fully paralyzed. All resolved within 1 hour. Topical urethral analgesia was used in males where cystoscopy preceded ESWL. Phenylephrine was required once for nild systolic hypotension, otherwise blood pressures were stable. Two of 4 patients experiencing pruritus needed naloxone relief. Itching appeared in skin recovering from sensory block while visceral analgesia persists. Excessive respiratory depression was not seen.
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PMID:Low dose epidural lidocaine/sufentanil is effective for outpatient lithotripsy. 756 23

In the treatment of diffuse panbronchiolitis, azithromycin (AZM), a new macrolide antibiotic with 15-membered lactone ring, was studied for its efficacy and safety. AZM, 250 mg, was intermittently administered to a total of 60 patients twice a weeks, for 3 months as a rule, and its efficacy was clinically evaluated in 52 patients and the safety in 55. The rate of efficacy was 84.6% (44/52). Clinical findings 12 weeks after the start of administration showed a decrease in sputum volume in 30 of 46 patients and amelioration of dyspnea on exertion in 23 of 46 patients, and no worsening of symptoms was observed in the patients. Vital capacity (4/22), FEV1.0 (6/21), cold agglutination reaction (22/28), and CRP (16/36) were also improved. The rate of eradication of organisms isolated from the sputum except for indigenous organisms was 39.5% (15/38); 4 of the 22 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were eradicated. Adverse reactions were observed in 4 of the 55 patients (7.3%), 1 patient each with rash, itching, diarrhea, and a gastric symptom (heavy feeling in the stomach). 4 of the 54 patients (7.4%) exhibited abnormal changes in clinical laboratory test values values. These were an increase in eosinophil count in 2, elevation of GOT in 1, and elevation of Al-P in 1. These adverse reactions and abnormal changes in laboratory tests were mild or moderate. Therefore, long-term intermittent administration of AZM, twice a week, is expected to have the same effect in the treatment of diffuse panbronchiolitis as long-term small-dose administration of 14-membered macrolides such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, whose effects have already been established.
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PMID:[Study on azithromycin in treatment of diffuse panbronchiolitis]. 761 16

The effects of cooling and topical application of menthol on histamine-induced itch, wheal and flare reactions of the left lower arm were investigated in a threefold cross-over design with 15 healthy male volunteers. Lowering skin temperature by cooling from 32.8 +/- 0.3 degrees C to 29.7 +/- 0.5 degrees C reduced itch intensity from 260 +/- 47 units to 55 +/- 12 units (visual analogue scale) and flare diameters from 39.0 +/- 2.0 mm to 30.2 +/- 1.8 mm; wheal reactions were not affected. A similar reduction in itch was found under menthol (42 +/- 14 units) although skin temperature was not decreased. These findings suggest a central inhibitory effect of cold sensitive A-delta fibre activation on itch.
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PMID:Effects of menthol and cold on histamine-induced itch and skin reactions in man. 762 16


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