Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pigmented purpuric dermatosis (PPD) is a chronic disorder of unknown etiology. It is quite common, and no therapy is significantly effective. Calcium dobesilate (Cd) has been tried successfully in many vascular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and efficacy of Cd in PPD. Nine male patients (7 with Schamberg's and 1 each with lichenoid dermatosis of Gougerot and Blum and lichen aureus) were given Cd 500 mg twice daily for two initial weeks and then 500 mg once daily for a total period of three months. All the patients were followed up for one year after cessation of therapy. The improvement was moderate in 11.11% and mild in 66.67% of cases; 22.22% did not show any improvement. New lesions stopped appearing in two weeks in all patients, and itching also improved in symptomatic cases without any significant side effects. Based upon the results of this pilot study we recommend Cd as the first line therapy for PPD.
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PMID:Calcium dobesilate (Cd) in pigmented purpuric dermatosis (PPD): a pilot evaluation. 1516 Aug 62

Allergic conjunctivitis is in actuality a group of diseases affecting the ocular surface and is usually associated with type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. Two acute disorders, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, exist, as do 3 chronic diseases, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. The ocular surface inflammation (usually mast cell driven) results in itching, tearing, lid and conjunctival edema-redness, and photophobia during the acute phase and can lead to a classic late-phase response (with associated eosinophilia and neutrophilia) in a subset of individuals. As is the case in other allergic diseases, a chronic disease can also develop, accompanied by remodeling of the ocular surface tissues. In severe cases the patient experiences extreme discomfort and sustains damage to the ocular surface. For such cases, there is no highly effective and safe treatment regimen. Topical administration of corticosteroids is used in severe cases but is associated with an increased risk for the development of cataracts and glaucoma. Thus there is a worldwide search for new biotargets for the treatment of these diseases. Here we provide a brief update of the clinical symptoms associated with these diseases, the rationale for disease classification, recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases, and an update on both preclinical and clinical advances toward refined therapies for these diseases.
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PMID:Allergic conjunctivitis: update on pathophysiology and prospects for future treatment. 1563 56

The use of topical immunosuppressors during treatment of atopic dermatitis is an important innovation that reinforces the therapeutic arsenal in this chronic disease in children. Two products have been studied in depth: tacrolimus, which exists in pomade form at a concentration of 0.1 and 0.03% under the trademark Protopic. It is the 0.03% concentration that has been studied in children and obtained official indication in children aged over 2. Pimecrolimus marketed under the trademark Elidel in the form of a 1% cream has also been studied in depth and obtained European marketing authorisation for prescription in children aged over 2. Unfortunately it is not yet available in France, although it is marketed in nearly all countries worldwide. These products decrease the production of cytokines by the T-cell lymphocytes when stimulated by the antigen. This effect is produced by the inhibition of calcineurine. The clinical efficacy of these two products has been demonstrated in many studies in the United States and in Europe. Short term efficacy has been demonstrated in comparisons versus a placebo or versus grade 2 or 3 corticosteroids. Longer term studies (6 months to one year) have confirmed the efficacy. Short-term tolerance to these new treatments has been shown, although, as with any new product, the long-term results are unknown. Nevertheless, tolerance studies after more than 4 years' use exist. The side effects most often reported are local, erythema-like at the start of treatment with burning and pruritus. There has been no significant increase in the number of bacterial and viral infections compared with control groups. Doubt remains regarding viral infections of herpetic origin, notably Kaposi-Juliusberg's disease, although no significant difference has been observed compared with the placebo-treated. No systemic impact has been reported with these two products or inhibition of the effect of vaccinations made in infants or children. However, care should be taken: not to use the products in patients with a history of Kaposi-Juliusberg's disease and any contact with a patient exhibiting herpes should be avoided; the photoprotection measures should be respected as instructed in the patient insert for the use of tacrolimus.
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PMID:[The value of topical immunosuppressors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children]. 1598 96

Otitis externa can take an acute or a chronic form, with the acute form affecting four in 1,000 persons annually and the chronic form affecting 3 to 5 percent of the population. Acute disease commonly results from bacterial (90 percent of cases) or fungal (10 percent of cases) overgrowth in an ear canal subjected to excess moisture or to local trauma. Chronic disease often is part of a more generalized dermatologic or allergic problem. Symptoms of early acute and most chronic disease include pruritus and local discomfort. If left untreated, acute disease can be followed by canal edema, discharge, and pain, and eventually by extra-canal manifestations. Topical application of an acidifying solution is usually adequate in treating early disease. An antimicrobial-containing ototopical is the preferred treatment for later-stage acute disease, and oral antibiotic therapy is reserved for advanced disease or those who are immunocompromised. Preventive measures reduce recurrences and typically involve minimizing ear canal moisture, trauma, or exposure to materials that incite local irritation or contact dermatitis.
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PMID:Otitis externa: Review and clinical update. 1711 89

Paroxetine (Paxil) is a widely prescribed antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class for which multiple cutaneous adverse effects have been reported, including urticaria, ecchymoses, vasculitis, and pruritus. In contrast, fluoxetine (Prozac) is the only SSRI previously reported to cause urticarial vasculitis. Urticarial vasculitis is a chronic disorder marked by recurrent episodes of erythematous, indurated wheals that histologically manifest the features of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This case represents the first reported incidence of paroxetine-induced urticarial vasculitis, and highlights the need to consider the entire SSRI class as s as a potential cause of the condition.
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PMID:Urticarial vasculitis secondary to paroxetine. 1737 54

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic disorder of skin and mucosa which affects patients of all age groups, particularly women, but also men. It is most commonly seen on the female genital skin, but it also occurs on extragenital areas. Most patients complain of itching and, less frequently, a burning sensation, dyspareunia, dysuria and painful defecation are reported. The cause of lichen sclerosus is largely unknown. However, it has been suggested that a genetic predisposition to inflammatory disorders, an immunological constitution, hormonal influences and local factors might play a role. Anogenital lichen sclerosus is associated with an increased incidence of malignancies, especially vulvular squamous-cell carcinomas. The life-time risk of developing this carcinoma is about 5%. Extragenital lichen sclerosus and lichen sclerosus in children do not seem to be correlated with malignancy. Potent local corticosteroids form the mainstay of treatment for lichen sclerosus. The condition is characterised by remissions and exacerbations. Long-term follow-up is required for the early diagnosis of malignant changes.
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PMID:[Lichen sclerosus]. 1758 90

Tinea imbricata, also known as 'Tokelau', is an uncommon superficial mycosis caused by the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton concentricum. Cutaneous lesions appear characteristically as scaly and concentric rings that may cover all parts of the body. Often acquired in childhood, tinea imbricata is a chronic disease and lichenification is extremely common due to pruritus. The dermatophytosis mainly occurs in the South Pacific, but also in some regions of Southeast Asia and Central or South America. Tinea imbricata usually affects people living in primitive and isolated conditions. Mycological analysis is required for the diagnosis. The epidemiological and mycological study reported here took place in the Solomon Islands from June-September 2006. Skin scrapings were collected from 29 Melanesian patients (aged 8 months to 58 years) with chronic cutaneous lesions and were analysed mycologically in the Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology of Angers University Hospital (France). Ten patients showed very evocative lesions with a positive direct examination, but T. concentricum was only isolated from three patients. Identification of the strains was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. With the increase in international travel, one cannot disregard that this very rare species may be isolated by mycologists in temperate areas from patients coming from endemic foci.
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PMID:Isolation of Trichophyton concentricum from chronic cutaneous lesions in patients from the Solomon Islands. 1829 90

After the detection of human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in Eastern Turkey in January 2006, Turkish Ministry of Health has had declared "National Plans of Activity for Pandemic Influenza". All health-care facilities were recommended to develop contingency plans. Then the essential activities were started in August 2006 in Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine (Edirne, Trace region of Turkey), and institutional education about pandemic influenza and preventive measures was implemented to health care workers (HCWs). In November 2006, health care workers were offered inactivated flu vaccine (Vaxigrip, Sanofi Pasteur, France) supplied by the Ministry of Health. The aim of this questionary survey was to evaluate the visions and conceptions of health care workers about influenza vaccination during the vaccination campaign. All the participants were informed by using an information form including the indications, contraindications and possible adverse reactions of flu vaccine, and were requested to complete the questionnaire about influenza vaccination according to their own perception before vaccination. Vaccine recipients were also invited to the vaccination unit if they had any adverse reaction. A total of 1041 HCWs (560 female, 481 male; mean age: 32.8 +/- 8.2 years) completed the questionnaire. Of them 884 subjects (85%) have accepted to be vaccinated, while 157 subjects (15%) have not. It was determined that 72 HCWs (6.9%) had been administered flu vaccine in 2005, and 38 (3.7%) have had an underlying chronic disease requiring medical therapy. Six subjects (16%) with an underlying chronic disease were vaccinated in 2005, while 66 HCWs (6.6%) without any chronic disease received vaccination voluntarily. Seven workers (0.7%) declined vaccination as they defined hypersensitivity to egg, and 84 workers (8%) had influenza vaccine voluntarily before the campaign in 2006. Sixty six workers (6.3%) have refused to be vaccinated as they considered influenza vaccination ineffective to protect against flu. Two workers (0.2%) had allergic skin reactions such as erythema and itching after vaccination. It can be concluded that influenza vaccination of the health care workers is a part of infection control policies and it is also a matter of patient safety. The implementation of necessary education programmes and attempts to emphasize the importance of vaccination of health care workers especially dealing with high risk patients, would be of crucial importance to decrease the morbidity and mortality due to influenza infections.
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PMID:[Short communication: Evaluation of the flu vaccine administered to health care workers in Trakya University Hospital in 2006]. 1844 72

Tinea pedis typically presents as a pruritic, erythematous, and scaly eruption on the foot, with symptoms correlated with the severity of infection. Although many clinical studies have assessed the antifungal action of various agents, relatively little attention has been devoted to evaluating if antifungal agents are capable of improving subjective symptoms while treating the infection. A single-center, open-label, observational, proof of concept study was conducted in 21 participants (age range, 16-74 years) to evaluate if sertaconazole nitrate cream 2% used twice daily for 7 days was able to reduce participants' perceived itching while treating the infection. Findings included participants' overall assessment of quality of life (QOL) with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and participants' overall satisfaction with treatment. The pruritus visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the subjective symptom of itching. Results indicated the mean total score of changes in perception of QOL was 8.95 at baseline and 3.38 at day 7, a within-group change of -5.57 (P < .0001), and the mean reduction in reported itching from baseline to day 7 was -63.10% (P < .0001). Fifteen of 21 participants (71.4%) were somewhat or very satisfied with the results of their treatment. The implication of these findings is that successful elimination of the inflammatory symptoms of tinea. pedis, such as pruritus, may promote adherence to therapy by directly affecting participants' perception of QOL. Furthermore, early and rapid relief of symptoms, as seen in this study, may encourage patients to continue therapy for the full recommended period of 4 to 6 weeks, thereby reducing the risk for relapse that leads to chronic disease.
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PMID:Observational evaluation of sertaconazole nitrate cream 2% in the treatment of pruritus related to tinea pedis. 2009 22

Only a few corticosteroids for topical use have proven safe and effective in pediatric populations down to 3 months of age. The authors report the results of a study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of hydrocortisone butyrate (HCB) 0.1% in lipocream (LCr) vehicle in infants and children. A total of 264 boys and girls 3 months to less than 18 years old, with stable, mild to moderate atopic dermatitis affecting at least 10% body surface area applied HCB 0.1% in LCr or LCr alone twice daily for up to 1 month without occlusion. Primary end-points included: percent of patients who achieved treatment success based on physician global assessments. Secondary endpoint included: difference in pruritus and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) at day 29. Treatment was significant (P < 0.001) for HCB 0.1% LCr over vehicle. No serious nor significant adverse events were reported. Results are representative of a short duration treatment for a chronic disease. HCB 0.1% in LCr is more effective than its vehicle in pediatric populations down to 3 months of age without significant adverse events when used twice a day for up to 1 month.
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PMID:Hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1% lipocream in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. 2052 37


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