Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the bile duct (PTCD) is a method that has few complications and can successfully relieve an obstructive jaundice. As a palliative drainage in malignancies of the liver and the porta of the liver it reduces the jaundice and prevents the accompanying troublesome pruritus, thus prolonging life. It reduces postoperative lethality and complications by reducing the jaundice preoperatively. Suppurative cholangitis with bile duct obstruction is quickly relieved by administration of antibiotics into the drainage.
 ...
PMID:[Indications and results of percutaneous transhepatic bile-duct drainage]. 8 98

Forty-one pregnant women with pruritus, in whom cholestasis was verified by the presence in their serum of an abnormal lipoprotein, lipoprotein-X (LP-X), were divided into two clinical groups, pruritus gravidarum (PG) (n=20) and hepatosis of pregnancy (HP) (n=21) in relation to serum bilirubin (below and above 1.2 mg/100 ml, respectively) and/or SGOT, SGPT (below and above 50 units/l, respectively). In HP, but not in PG, serum lipids, i.e. cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, pre-beta-lipoproteins (very-low-density lipoproteins), and low-density lipoproteins were increased and high-density lipoproteins decreased when compared with suitable controls. Serum lipids were elevated in proportion to the derangement in the liver function tests, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, and SGPT. The occurrence of LP-X was inversely related to HDL cholesterol, suggesting a causal relationship between HDL lipid metabolism and the presence of LP-X. Serum TIBC, Simplastin A, and serum iron were elevated in HP in relation to the degree of deterioration of liver function tests. Some of these changes in serum in cholestatic pregnancy may partially (serum triglycerides and pre-beta-lipoproteins) or completely (TIBC and Simplastin A) be explained by an enhanced estrogen influence in promoting increased liver lipid/protein metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Studies in cholestasis of pregnancy. 16 48

The authors report 3 cases and report the diagnostic usefulness of two signs of minor cholestasis described by one of them in 1966. A relative increase, in the absence of obvious virus hepatitis or cirrhosis, of the serum bilirubin, cholesterol, lipids and alkaline phosphatase, together with B.S.P. excretion. suggest minor cholestasis. The sign of "metacritical aggravation" when there is some suspicion of minor cholestasis, the supervision of the course of the disease, or a retrospective inquiry, permit, in the presence of minor symptoms, such as, pain, fever, jaundice, or pruritus, one to make the diagnosis of minor cholestasis. The latter is due either to the presence of small gall stones in the common bile duct, or to inflammation of the ampulla of Vater, or sphincter of Oddi, a Vaterian ampulloma, pancreatitis, or following damage to the common bile duct. In practice, liver biopsy confirms the diagnosis, and intravenous cholangiography, by the perfusion method, is usually able to demonstrate obstruction of the common bile duct.
 ...
PMID:[Relative increase and metacritic aggravation in the diagnosis of anicteric cholestasis]. 16 83

Obstructive jaundice, pruritus, and malabsorption developed in twin brothers in infancy. Early liver biopsy specimens showed intracellular and canalicular cholestasis with normal bile ducts. By the age of 3 years, both had cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Each died during the teen years from hepatocellular carcinoma. These brothers represent the tenth reported family with familial cholestatic cirrhosis, and they are the first patients with this syndrome in whom hepatoma developed.
 ...
PMID:Hepatoma in familial cholestatic cirrhosis of childhood: its occurrence in twin brothers. 21 1

Alterations of bile salt metabolism have been shown in numerous diseases. Liver damage results in elevated serum bile salt concentrations which may be useful as a sensitive index of hepatocellular disease. Changes in the relative proportions of the individual bile salts in serum occur with cholestasis. Urinary excretion of bile salts, largely in the form of sulphates, increases as a compensatory mechanism. Ileal disease or resection causes bile salt melabsorption. The increase in colonic bile salts produces a watery diarrhoea while the decrease in duodenal levels may cause steatorrhoea. Cholelithiasis may result from alteration in the relative proportions of cholesterol, lecithin and bile salts in bile. The mechanism apparently differs in various conditions predisposing to gallstone formation. A primary alteration of bile salt metabolism has been postulated in several other conditions. Considerable interest centres on the importance of metabolites of bile salts in the pathogenesis of colonic carcinoma. Chenodeoxycholic acid is a successful though costly treatment for selected patients with cholesterol gallstones. Bile salt binding agents, such as cholestyramine, are extremely useful especially in the control of pruritus in patients with cholestasis.
 ...
PMID:Bile salt metabolism. II. Bile salts and disease. 27 37

In 48 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by unresectable lesions, a polyethylene tube was inserted into the biliary tract using a percutaneous transhepatic technique. This endoprosthesis provided permanent internal drainage without an external catheter. In 27 patients, bilirubin declined to anicteric or subicteric levels and pruritus subsided. In six patients, endoprosthesis had an intermediate effect, with moderate falls in bilirubin and improvement of their general condition. This method does not seem to increase the risk of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, which precedes insertion. It is recommended for patients with inoperable bile duct obstruction and may replace surgical biliodigestive anastomoses in patients with unresectable lesions.
 ...
PMID:Endoprosthesis for internal drainage of the biliary tract. Technique and results in 48 cases. 44 10

Pruritus in hepatobiliary disease is commonly believed to be caused by retention of bile acids with their sequestration in the skin. HOwever, we have recently demonstrated that skin levels of bile acids in patients with cholestasis correlate poorly with pruritus. In this report, we present additional data concerning the relationship of pruritus to bile acid retention: (1) the urinary excretion of sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids was not significantly different in patients with cholestasis who itched compared to those who did not; (2) one patient with itch associated with a liver abscess had normal levels of bile acids in serum, skin, and urine; (3) patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who itched had lower serum bile acid levels than patients with mechanical biliary obstruction who did not itch.These studies support our premise that pruritus in hepatobiliary diseases is not directly related to bile acid retention. They suggest that the type of cholestatic disorder, and not simply the magnitude of the cholestasis, as estimated by the elevation of serum bile acids, is important. We propose that the agent responsible for pruritus is produced in response to cholestasis, possibly through activation of the alternate pathway of bile acid synthesis. Properties of the hypothetical pruritogen are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Itch in liver disease: facts and speculations. 45 25

A combined cholestatic and hepatocellular injury occurred in nine patients, following therapy with erythromycin estolate (EE) or other erythromycin derivatives. Eight of the nine patients developed jaundice within three weeks after initiation of treatment; pain was one of the main symptoms in five patients while fever and itching were noted in four patients. Symptoms and signs subsided and abnormal tests of liver function returned to normal after withdrawal of the drug. The major histologic finding was cholestasis, but the majority of cases also had evidence of hepatocellular injury of variable severity; one biopsy specimen showed centrilobular necrosis. Ultrastructural findings in one case included changes related to cholestasis as well as hepatocellular injury with striking mitochondrial abnormalities. Our data are compared with those of the literature, with special reference to morphologic features.
 ...
PMID:Cholestatic and hepatocellular injury associated with erythromycin esters: report of nine cases. 45 25

Removal of protein-bound cholephilic substances such as BA by sorbent perfusion might improve the quality of life of patients with severe inoperable cholestasis where the accumulation of BA is thought to be responsible for the often distressing pruritus. Since hemoperfusion is associated with hematological side effects, plasmaperfusion which, in addition, allows the use of novel, possibly more efficient sorbents, might be preferable, provided a substance with a high affinity for these protein-bound anions could be found. A number of sorbents suitable for plasma-perfusion were therefore tested in vitro as to their BA-adsorbing capacity. U.S.P. charcoal coated onto glass beads in order to facilitate perfusion removed BA from human plasma far better than conventional charcoal suitable for hemoperfusion, charged and uncharged resins, and immobilized albumin. The extraction of BA by the coated glass beads exceeded 90% up to a load of 0.18 mumol BA per milliliter of sorbent, and the BA-adsorbing capacity was 20.8 mumol/ml. In addition to BA, the U.S.P. charcoal columns almost quantitatively removed uric acid, creatinine, and corticosteroids and retained substantial amounts of BR and thyroxine, whereas electrolytes, clotting factors, and plasmaproteins were adsorbed only initially.
 ...
PMID:Removal of bile acids and bilirubin by plasmaperfusion of U.S.P. charcoal-coated glass beads. 47 68

Twelve of 43 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (28%) manifested clinical and laboratory features of cholestasis. The criteria for selection of these patients included at least two of the following: chronic or recurrent pruritus, serum alkaline phosphatase levels of 300 mU./ml. and cholesterol of 300 mg./dl. or more. When compared with 31 control cases these patients were found to have a preponderance of Ashkenazi Jews of Roumanian origin, a higher prevalence of joint and thyroid involvement and higher serum Ig-M Levels. Mortality was similar in both groups but patients with cholestatic features tended to die earlier in the course of the disease. Retrospectively, it was found that they had been treated more intensively, attained complete remissions less frequently and developed cirrhosis more readily. There were no significant differences in the frequency of HBsAg and anti-HBs, the mode of onset, the frequency of hepatosplenomegaly and jaundice, the hematologic findings and the prevalence of autoantibodies. Like acute cholangiolitic viral hepatitis, CAH with cholestatic features emerges as a more serious disease than the classical form of CAH.
 ...
PMID:Chronic active hepatitis with cholestatic features. I. A clinical and immunological study. 53 97


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>