Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Norplant contraceptive system consists of 6 silastic capsules 34 mm long by 2.4 mm in diameter each containing 36 mg of levonorgestrel. Norplant provides a constant daily dose of 30 mcg of levonorgestrel beginning 24 hours after insertion and lasting for 5 years. 3 contraceptive effects are provided: the cervical mucus becomes less permeable for sperm, the endometrium atrophies, and ovulation is inhibited in about 50% of cycles. The failure rate is lower than those of pills and IUDs. It is somewhat higher for women weighing over 70 kg than for those weighing less. The safety of Norplant is due to the absence of estrogen. It has no effect on blood pressure, and the risks of ectopic pregnancies or infection at the insertion site are minor. The principal side effect is disturbance of the menstrual cycle, which usually decreases after 3-6 months of use. Other minor effects should not cause termination of the method if the user has been forewarned. Women using Norplant should be followed regularly. Norplant is particularly indicated for women desiring longterm contraception or a very effective method for spacing, postpartum women, and women with contraindications to oral contraceptives and IUDs. Contraindications include pregnancy or suspicion of pregnancy, unexplained vaginal bleeding, liver or cardiovascular disorders, jaundice or pruritus during the last pregnancy, thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolism, falciform anemia, and breast cancer. Studies are underway to verify that Norplant does not affect lactation. Norplant should be removed immediately if the woman develops migraine headaches or visual problems, signs of thrombophlebitis or hepatic disorders, increased blood pressure, or if she becomes pregnant or must undergo a surgical procedure requiring lengthy bed rest. Norplant should be inserted under scrupulously aseptic conditions during the 1st 7 cycle days under local anesthesia. Large studies in Egypt, Indonesia, Chile and elsewhere have confirmed Norplant's efficacy, lack of harmful lipid effects, and rapid return of fertility after treatment. A 3-year program of clinical trails of Norplant will be conducted in Rwanda with the financial assistance of the UN Fund for Population Activities and the technical assistance of the Population Council, after which Norplant may be added to methods available in all health facilities.
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PMID:[An implantable contraceptive: Norplant]. 1234 82

The aim of the study was to see if topical aloe vera gel would be beneficial in reducing the identified skin side-effects of radiation therapy, including erythema, pain, itching, dry desquamation, and moist desquamation, when compared with aqueous cream. The secondary aim was to assess the effect of other factors known to predict severity of radiation skin reaction, ie, breast size, smoking habit, and one or more drainages of lymphocele after surgery, on other skin side effects. A Phase III study was conducted involving 225 patients with breast cancer after lumpectomy or partial mastectomy, who required a course of radiation therapy using tangential fields. Patients were randomized to either topical aloe vera gel or topical aqueous cream to be applied 3 times per day throughout and for 2 weeks after completion of radiation treatment. Weekly skin assessments were performed by nursing staff. Aqueous cream was significantly better than aloe vera gel in reducing dry desquamation and pain related to treatment. Subjects with D cup or larger size breasts experienced significantly more erythema, regardless of treatment arm. For subjects who had undergone lymphocele drainage, the aloe vera group experienced significantly more pain than the aqueous cream group. Within the aqueous cream arm, smokers were significantly more likely to experience itching within the treatment field than were nonsmokers. Within the aloe vera arm, subjects who had undergone one or more lymphocele drainages after surgery were significantly more likely to experience erythema and itching within the treatment field than those who did not have drainage. In this study, aloe vera gel did not significantly reduce radiation-induced skin side effects. Aqueous cream was useful in reducing dry desquamation and pain related to radiation therapy.
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PMID:A Phase III study on the efficacy of topical aloe vera gel on irradiated breast tissue. 1246 36

MUC1 is expressed by glandular epithelial cells. It is overexpressed in the majority of breast tumours, making it a potential target for immune therapy. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the anti-tumour activity and tolerance of repeated administration of TG1031 (an attenuated recombinant vaccinia virus containing sequences coding for human MUC1 and the immune stimulatory cytokine IL-2) in patients with MUC1-positive metastatic breast cancer. This was an open-label, randomised study comparing two dose levels, 5 x 10E6 and 5 x 10E7, with 14 patients in each arm. The treatment was administered intramuscularly every 3 weeks for the first 4 doses and every 6 weeks thereafter, until progression. Two patients had a partial tumour regression ( > 50%), and 15 patients had stable disease as their best overall response until at least the 5th injection. Partial regression lasted for 11 months in one patient and for 12 months in the second patient who then underwent surgical resection of her hepatic metastases. The most frequent adverse events included inflammation at injection site: 7 patients, itching or pain at injection site: 5 patients, and moderate fever: 6 patients. One responding patient developed antinuclear, anti-DNA, and increased anti-TPO antibodies after the fifth injection, and which resolved at the end of treatment. The treatment regimes were well tolerated with a low toxicity profile. Although clinical efficacy remains limited, this study demonstrates the potential use of MUC1-based immune therapy in breast cancer.
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PMID:Metastatic Breast Tumour Regression Following Treatment by a Gene-Modified Vaccinia Virus Expressing MUC1 and IL-2. 1297 34

It is also common to observe skin manifestations in many internal malignancies. The lung cancer is a frequently seen internal cancer. Due to its gradually increasing incidence, it has become the first reason of death from cancer also in women by overtaking the breast cancer. Although pathognomonic skin manifestations are not reported in lung cancers, it is emphasized that lung cancer must be remembered when non specific signs such as digital clubbing, hypertrophic osteoatropathy, cyanosis due to superior vena cava syndrome, oedema, telengiectasia, acanthosis nigricans are observed. Because a few reports are present about this subject in literature, 44 patients which had the diagnosis of lung cancer in Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine were evaluated according to the their dermatological manifestations. 47.7% of these patients had digital clubbing; meanwhile 25% telengiectasia of the chest forewall, 22.7% lip cyanosis, 9% long eyelash, 2.27% pruritus, 2.27% hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy and 2.27% Leser Trelat sign were established.
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PMID:[The skin manifestations in patients with lung cancers]. 1510 Sep

We report a case of an adenoma of the nipple in a 33-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a 2-year history of itching, eczema, and discharge from the left nipple. Examination revealed a firm, well defined and erosive tumor measuring 10 x 11 mm that was sore, crusted, and indurated. There was a slight serosanguineous discharge from the tumor. Cytological material from the tumor obtained from the discharge and by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and scraping showed a papillary cell cluster thought to be a benign papilloma. We performed a tumor resection with preservation of the nipple. The histological diagnosis was adenoma of the nipple. The patient was left with a cosmetically well-preserved nipple. No recurrent tumor has been observed for two years after surgery.
Breast Cancer 2006
PMID:Adenoma of the nipple: report of a case. 1651 68

This study was designed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of MAS065D (Xclair) compared to a vehicle control in the management of radiation dermatitis in patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer. Twenty patients were randomized blindly to use the two study substances, three times daily, on separate sections of irradiated skin throughout the duration of radiotherapy and for two weeks afterwards. Patients were monitored before therapy, weekly during therapy, and for 2 weeks after radiotherapy was completed. Skin appearance according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) toxicity criteria, erythema rating, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, patients' view of itch, pain, acceptance, and view of each cream and adverse events, were monitored; at the final visit patients and investigators expressed their preference for one of the creams. MAS065D showed statistically significant superiority in the outcomes of NCI grading for radiation dermatitis and erythema. Patients' and investigators' preferences for one of the study substances were statistically in favor of MAS065D. Very few patients recorded nonzero itch and pain scales, so no significant differences emerged between the two groups. It was concluded that MAS065D can provide an effective option for managing radiation dermatitis although further studies are needed to assess its effect on pain and itch.
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PMID:A double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of MAS065D (XClair), a hyaluronic acid-based formulation, in the management of radiation-induced dermatitis. 1698 Feb 42

Out of a total of 240 patients who were managed at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, for breast cancer over a ten year period (January 1995-December 2004, 8 (3.3%) were found to have Paget's disease of the nipple-areolar complex. They were all females aged between 38-60 (mean 47.62 years). Duration of symptoms before presentation was between 5 months and 7 years (mean 20.75 months). The left breast was more affected than the right. They all presented with itching, excoriation and ulceration of the nipple and diagnosis was by wedge biopsy of the nipple in early cases and by incisional biopsy in late cases. Most presented with advanced disease. Seven patients had mastectomy while one declined surgery. They all had chemotherapy and tamoxifen. Five died within one year of surgery while the remaining three were lost to follow up. Paget's disease, though rare, requires a high index of suspicion for proper diagnosis.
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PMID:Paget's disease of the nipple-areola complex as seen in Benin City, Nigeria. 1731 55

The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is nearly universally overexpressed in human cancer, contributes critically to oncogenesis, and is recognized by cytotoxic T cells that lyse tumors. CD8+ T cells specific for hTERT naturally occur in certain populations of cancer patients in remission, but it remains poorly understood whether such T cells could contribute to tumor immunosurveillance. To address this issue, we induced hTERT-specific T cells in vivo via peptide vaccination in 19 patients with metastatic breast cancer who otherwise had no measurable T-cell responses to hTERT at baseline. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were evident after, but not before vaccination, with 4% to 13% of postvaccine CD8+ TIL specific for the immunizing hTERT peptide. Induction of TIL manifested clinically with tumor site pain and pruritus and pathologically with alterations in the tumor microenvironment, featuring histiocytic accumulation and widespread tumor necrosis. hTERT-specific CD8+ T cells were also evident after vaccination in the peripheral blood of patients and exhibited effector functions in vitro including proliferation, IFN-gamma production, and tumor lysis. An exploratory landmark analysis revealed that median overall survival was significantly longer in those patients who achieved an immune response to hTERT peptide compared with patients who did not. Immune response to a control cytomegalovirus peptide in the vaccine did not correlate with survival. These results suggest that hTERT-specific T cells could contribute to the immunosurveillance of breast cancer and suggest novel opportunities for both therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine strategies for cancer.
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PMID:Telomerase-specific T-cell immunity in breast cancer: effect of vaccination on tumor immunosurveillance. 1797 99

A 40-year-old woman, 6 years after mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and locoregional radiation, presented with hepatic metastases, pruritus, and jaundice. Physical examination revealed uniformly jaundiced skin and no arm lymphedema. Ultrasonography confirmed progressive hepatic metastases with no evidence of intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary dilatation. Eight weeks after starting chemotherapy, her pruritus and jaundice were markedly improved, but the jaundice on the skin of her left arm was substantially slower to clear than the other skin areas. With further therapy, serum bilirubin normalized and her left arm jaundice completely resolved. We hypothesize that the delayed resolution of jaundice on her left arm resulted from impaired lymphatic drainage after left axillary lymph node dissection and irradiation, and conclude that lymphatic drainage might play a key role in the transport and clearance of bilirubin and related pigments from peripheral tissues.
Clin Breast Cancer 2007 Dec
PMID:Delayed resolution of jaundice in the arm of a patient with impaired lymphatic drainage: a case report. 1826 80

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of topical application of the combination sucralfate / copper zinc salts in radiation dermatitis in women suffering from breast cancer and treated by radiotherapy. 47 patients (average age : 57,5 years) that have to be treated by radiation therapy on non lesional areas, were included into this open multicentric study. They had to apply Cicalfate cream twice a day, from the fi rst radiation therapy session and during 10 weeks. Patients were treated by photon- or electrontherapy (72 % et 28 %, respectively; cumulated total dose : 58,6Gy). Tolerance was considered to be excellent. The radiation dermatitis (score NCIC > or = 2) was noted at the 3rd week of radiotherapy only in 5 % of the subjects and in 53 % of the subjects, the last week of treatment. Pruritus was significantly increased at D21. Pain and discomfort were increased at D28, but remained low intensity. The soothing effect of the combination of sucralfate/ copper zinc salts were considered satisfying or very satisfying by investigators and patients during the study, varying from 94 to 100 % of satisfaction. The impact of radiation therapy on the patients'quality of life, assessed by DLQI, evaluated at the end of the study was not statistically different from the score calculated at D7 (DLQI=0,8 et D7 versus DLQI=1 at D70). Thus, topical application of the combination sucralfate / copper zinc salts can be used in the indication radiation dermatitis.
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PMID:[Tolerance of the association sucralfate / Cu-Zn salts in radiation dermatitis]. 1834 12


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