Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two types of glands are found in the outer third of the human earcanal: sebaceous glands that produce sebum and modified apocrine glands that produce apocrine sweat. Together, these substances make up cerumen, which serves to clean, lubricate, and, to some extent, protect the earcanal from bacteria and fungus. Excessive/impacted cerumen can cause tinnitus, vertigo, itching, pain, external otitis, and hearing loss. Two populations are known to have a high incidence of excessive/impacted cerumen: individuals with mental retardation and the elderly. Anthropologists have used cerumen type to tract human migratory patterns and epidemiologists have related cerumen type to breast cancer.
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PMID:Physiology, pathophysiology, and anthropology/epidemiology of human earcanal secretions. 943 85

There are very few data about the efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant systemic therapies for breast cancer in non-western populations. In 1993 in Vietnam we began a randomized controlled clinical trial on premenopausal women with operable breast cancer comparing adjuvant surgical oophorectomy plus tamoxifen with observation and this same combined hormonal treatment on recurrence. We evaluated the symptoms reported at regular follow-up visits by the first 482 premenopausal women entered in this clinical trial and treated with surgical oophorectomy plus tamoxifen or observation. Hot flash frequency and intensity, vaginal discharge, and genital pruritus were the only symptoms to occur more frequently in oophorectomy and tamoxifen-treated subjects. Seventy-seven percent of oophorectomy/tamoxifen subjects reported grade 1 or more and 44% grade 2 or more hot flash frequency symptoms in the first 12 months, versus 9% and 1% of observation subjects, respectively. Twenty percent of oophorectomy/tamoxifen subjects had grade 2 or greater intensity of hot flashes some time in the first 12 months versus 0% in observation subjects. Through three years, vasomotor symptoms were reported more frequently in oophorectomy/tamoxifen-treated women (in 23% vs. 3% at three years, mostly grade 1 toxicities). While noted and persistent vasomotor symptoms were found with oophorectomy plus tamoxifen in this population of Vietnamese women, these were of lower grades and tolerable. This adjuvant treatment may be widely accepted if it is demonstrated to be effective in this population.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1999 Dec
PMID:Symptoms associated with oophorectomy and tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer in premenopausal Vietnamese women. 1071 89

This phase II study of liarozole fumarate (R85246, liarozole), a novel imidazole with retinomimetic and aromatase inhibitory effects, was designed to determine the efficacy and tolerability in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer in progression, to correlate these effects with hormonal levels, and to evaluate quality of life. Twenty-nine women with ER-positive or unknown metastatic disease who received > or = 2 prior hormonal therapies were treated with 150-300 mg liarozole twice daily until disease progression. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 25 for response. Four patients (16.0%, 95% CI 5.3-37.4%) had partial remission (PR) of their disease for a median of 7.4 months (range 1.2-12.9) and 7 (28%) had disease stabilization for a median of 4.8 months (1.6-16.0). Estradiol decreased from pre-treatment levels of 9.2-52 pM (mean 17.1) to below detection (9.2 pM, p = 0.0005) after 1 month. Similarly estrone levels fell from 14-307 pM (mean 92.7) to below detection (9.2 pM, p = 0.0001). The most common toxicity was dermatological (96.6%) with features compatible with hypervitaminosis A syndrome such as rash, pruritus, dry skin, and brittle nails. The majority of these were mild to moderate in severity. No significant improvement in quality of life scores (FLI-C) were noted. Liarozole is an active new treatment for breast cancer in patients heavily pre-treated with hormone therapies. Further studies are needed to confirm its relative efficacy in both receptor positive and negative postmenopausal breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000 Jan
PMID:Liarozole fumarate (R85246): a novel imidazole in the treatment of receptor positive postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer. 1075 80

A 54-year-old-woman who underwent augmentation mammoplasty with silicone gel implants 30 years previously, visited our hospital with complaints of bloody nipple discharge, redness and itching of her right breast. Cancer of the right breast was diagnosed by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination with Gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA enhancement. Radical mastectomy was subsequently performed. The histopathological findings demonstrated scirrhous and inflammatory breast cancer with invasion of dermal lymphatics.
Breast Cancer 2000 Jan
PMID:A case of inflammatory breast cancer following augmentation mammoplasty with silicone gel implants. 1102 74

Age is a major risk factor for solid tumors, including breast cancer. The majority of elderly breast cancer patients have oestrogen-dependent tumors, thus, tamoxifen is widely administered. However, it has been noted that tamoxifen-related thrombotic events are not exceptional. Due to the increasing prevalence of comorbidity, including vascular diseases, with age, such events are more frequently observed in the aged patients. Formestane, a selective steroidal aromatase inhibitor, may represent a therapeutic option after failure with tamoxifen, or in the presence of vascular diseases contraindicating its administration. The present report provides a new clinical experience on a consecutive series of 45 elderly breast cancer women affected by moderate to severe degree of comorbidity and disability measured by a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) scale validated on oncological patients. Formestane was given intramuscularly at the dose of 250 mg every 2 weeks. The study included 31 patients who had metastatic disease, and 14 who received formestane as an adjuvant treatment. Median age was 74 years (range 65-93), with nine patients > 80 years. Median ECOG Performance Status (PS) was one. The more frequent comorbidities observed in our series were arthrosis-arthritis (64.4% of patients), hypertension (44.4%), vascular diseases (35.5%), CNS diseases (28.8%). Twenty percent of patients presented at least one dependency in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and 51.2% in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). The treatment was well tolerated - only two patients interrupted formestane because of minor adverse reaction at the injection site and generalised itching. In particular Formestane was not responsible for any worsening of pre-treatment comorbidities, especially hypertension and vascular diseases. Objective responses (OR) were observed in 11.1% of advanced patients, while the disease was stabilised in 51.8% subjects. Median duration of OR was 12 months; median overall survival was 11 months. Among patients receiving formestane as adjuvant treatment, three relapsed, with a time to failure (TTF) of 12 months. Formestane is effective and minimally toxic in an elderly breast cancer population with comorbidities and disabilities measured by CGA.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000 Aug
PMID:Formestane is feasible and effective in elderly breast cancer patients with comorbidity and disability. 1107 86

Miltex (miltefosine) is a new antiproliferation drug comprising phospholipid ingredients. It is used for topical treatment of metastatic skin lesions in breast cancer. Clinical trials of the drug were conducted in 11 breast cancer patients resistant to standard therapy. Apparent therapeutic effect (partial regression) was registered in 27.3% (3/11). Moderate toxic effects were generally confined to skin itching (36.4%) and scaling (18.2%), erythema (18.2%), and paper skin (45.5%).
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PMID:[Treatment with Miltex for metastatic skin lesions in breast cancer] . 1120 95

We report a 65-year-old woman who consulted us on May 25, 1998, showing pruritic, partially flagellate erythema on the back and upper extremities, livedo lesions with erythema on the loins, and erythematous papules on the dorsal finger joints for 2 months. Histopathological findings of erythema on the back showed mononuclear cell infiltration around capillaries and marked edema in the dermis. Laboratory data were within normal range except for positive anti-nuclear antibody. She had undergone total left mastectomy on June 2, 1997 for breast cancer. Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis was found at the beginning of May, 1998. A diagnosis of amyopathic dermatomyositis associated with breast cancer was made. Erythema with itching gradually subsided from the end of August, 1998. Treatment with radiation and chemotherapy reduced lymph node swelling, but complete remission was not obtained. Erythema similar to the previous lesion but without itching re-appeared on the back from January, 2000. Histological findings of erythema showed many carcinoma cells similar to the primary lesion of left breast cancer in the whole dermis. A diagnosis of skin metastasis of breast cancer was made. These findings suggest that skin metastasis should be taken into account for patients with erythema on the trunk similar to dermatomyositis.
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PMID:Skin metastasis of breast cancer clinically undistinguished from amyopathic dermatomyositis. 1127 11

Paget's disease of the breast is a rare disorder of the nipple-areola complex often associated with an underlying in situ or invasive carcinoma. Eczematoid changes of the nipple-areola complex and persistent soreness or itching should raise suspicion of this disease. The histogenesis of Paget's disease of the breast continues to be debated and is important when considering treatment options. The epidermotropic theory suggests that Paget's cells are ductal carcinoma cells that have migrated from an underlying carcinoma of the breast parenchyma to the epidermis of the nipple. The in situ transformation theory has been proposed to explain the development of this disorder in patients in whom an underlying mammary carcinoma is not found or when there is an underlying carcinoma anatomically remote from the nipple-areola complex. Paget's cells are believed to arise as malignant cells in the epidermis of the nipple independent from any other pathologic process within the breast parenchyma. The current standard treatment of biopsy-proven Paget's disease involves mastectomy, although some studies have proposed the use of breast conservation therapy for patients in whom an underlying breast cancer cannot be located. We propose a treatment algorithm for patients presenting with Paget's disease of the breast.
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PMID:Paget's disease of the breast: a clinical perspective. 1173 19

A multicenter, open labeled, randomized early Phase II study for CGS 20267 was conducted at the doses 0.5 mg once daily and 1.0 mg once daily in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to the doses of either 0.5 mg once daily (n = 33) or 1.0 mg once daily (n = 31). Thirty-one patients were eligible for 0.5 mg group, and 29 for 1.0 mg group. A total of 57 patients (30 in the 0.5 mg group and 27 in the 1.0 mg group) were eligible for the evaluation of efficacy. There were 3 CR, 5 PR, 5 stable disease (SD: NC lasting over 24 weeks), 7 NC and 10 PD in the 0.5 mg group. The objective response rate (ORR) was 26.7%. There were 4 CR, 7 PR, 8 SD, 3 NC and 5 PD in the 1.0 mg group. The ORR was 40.7%. A total of 57 patients (29 in the 0.5 mg group and 28 in the 1.0 mg group) were eligible for safety evaluation. Adverse clinical events related to CGS 20267 in the 0.5 mg group were headache, nausea, cold sweat, sleepiness and muscle ache in the lower extremities (2 patients, incidence rate 6.9%) whereas those in the 1.0 mg group were generalized itching and generalized hot feeling (2 patients, incidence rate 7.1%). All of the adverse events were grade 1 except the generalized itching which was grade 2. CGS 20267-related abnormalities in the laboratory tests for the 0.5 mg group were a decrease in WBC, and increases in GOT, GPT, LDH and gamma-GTP (5 patients, 14.3%) whereas those in the 1.0 mg group were increases in GPT, gamma-GTP, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin (1 patient, 3.6%). The increases in GOT and GPT were grade 2, but others were grade 1. The data show both CGS 20267 0.5 mg once daily and 1.0 mg once daily to be effective and tolerable in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:[CGS 20267 (Letrozole), a new aromatase inhibitor: early phase II study for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer]. 1197 39

Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue that has shown to have antineoplastic activity in different solid tumours (lung, pancreas, bladder, colon, ovarian, and breast cancer) and malignant mesothelioma. The toxic effects of gemcitabine include myelosuppression, flu-like syndrome, altered liver function tests, bronchospasm, rash, itching, and fever. However, gemcitabine-induced erysipeloid skin reaction was reported in a small number of patients with previous history of radiotherapy or lymphedema. We reported a male patient who developed erysipeloid skin reaction following gemcitabine treatment in the absence of radiotherapy and lymphedema.
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PMID:Gemcitabine-induced erysipeloid skin lesions in a patient with malignant mesothelioma. 1219 70


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