Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy and safety of an extended-release combination of loratadine plus pseudoephedrine sulfate (SCH 434) was compared with that of a tablet containing chlorpheniramine maleate plus pseudoephedrine sulfate (CTM-D) in 131 patients with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either SCH 434 (loratadine 5 mg and pseudoephedrine sulfate 120 mg) or CTM-D (chlorpheniramine maleate 12 mg and pseudoephedrine sulfate 120 mg) twice daily for 2 weeks. Evaluations were made after 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment. Demographics (age, race, sex, and duration of seasonal allergic rhinitis) and baseline total symptom scores were comparable between groups. Both combination products were effective in relieving the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Improvement in total symptom scores was 54% on day 3 and 65% on day 14 in the SCH 434 group versus 57% on day 3 and 64% on day 14 in the CTM-D group. Individual symptom scores (nasal discharge, stuffiness, nasal itching, sneezing, and ocular symptoms) responded similarly. A smaller proportion of patients in the SCH 434 group reported side effects, especially dry mouth (7% vs 19%, P = 0.07), fatigue (6% vs 25%, P < 0.01), and sedation (7% vs 22%, P < 0.03). In conclusion, the combination of loratadine plus pseudoephedrine sulfate was equally as effective as a classic antihistamine (chlorpheniramine maleate) plus pseudoephedrine sulfate but had a lower incidence of side effects.
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PMID:Comparative study of SCH 434 and CTM-D in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. 791 2

Azelastine is a novel antiallergy medication currently under investigation for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Pharmacologic studies in laboratory animals and in vitro model systems indicate that azelastine exerts multiple actions including modulation of airways smooth muscle response, interference with inflammatory processes, and inhibition of allergic reactions. In a previous controlled clinical trial, azelastine nasal solution (ASTELIN N.S.) demonstrated effectiveness in controlling symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The objective of this 2-week double-blind, parallel-group study was to further assess the effectiveness of azelastine nasal solution in improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Two hundred forty-seven patients (> or = 12 years) with symptomatic SAR who satisfied a minimum symptoms score during a 1-week, single-blind, baseline evaluation period were randomized to receive azelastine 2 sprays per nostril bid, azelastine 2 sprays per nostril qd, chlorpheniramine 12 mg bid, or placebo using a double-dummy technique to insure blinding. The primary efficacy variables were changes in Major Symptom Complex (nose blows, sneezes, runny nose/sniffles, itch nose, and watery eyes) and Total Symptom Complex (Major plus itchy eyes/ears/throat/palate, cough, and postnasal drip) severity scores. Patients treated with azelastine nasal solution qd and bid had mean percent improvements in the Total and Major Symptom Complex severity scores that were clinically significant (> or = 50% improvement over placebo) after both weeks, at endpoint, and overall. The improvements for the azelastine bid group were statistically significant (P < or = .05) at all evaluation points. Adverse experiences occurred infrequently, and none was considered serious or potentially limiting to the clinical utility of the nasal solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effectiveness of azelastine nasal solution in seasonal allergic rhinitis. 807 37

The new H1 antihistamines are a major therapeutic advancement in the treatment of allergic disorders such as urticaria and allergic rhinitis. Their efficacy combined with greatly reduced sedating and anticholinergic side effects makes the new class of H1 antihistamines the first-line treatment in the management of urticaria and mild angioedema. The choice of a particular low-sedating H1 antihistamine depends on pharmacokinetic considerations, the severity of the problem (systemic steroids and epinephrine are the first-line treatment for severe angioedema), and the requirement for limiting the frequency of administration. The efficacy of the new H1 antihistamines in the treatment of itch due to atopic eczema and systemic disease remains uncertain, and further controlled clinical trials are needed to elucidate their possible role in these conditions.
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PMID:The new H1 antihistamines. Treatment of urticaria and other clinical problems. 809 49

The long-term efficacy and tolerability of azelastine (CAS 58581-89-8) nasal spray (0.14 mg/nostril b.i.d.) was investigated in patients suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis. 185 patients entered an initial 6 months' study; 35 of them continued in a follow-up for a further 30 to 60 weeks' treatment. Azelastine both attenuated the severity and reduced the incidence of rhinitis symptoms, with the highest rate of improvement during the first month with some additional improvement during the following months. The most marked effects were on those symptoms which were initially most severe: nasal obstruction, mucosal swelling, rhinorrhoea, sneezing and nasal itching. Signs of rhinitis identified by rhinoscopic examination improved in parallel to symptoms. 84.1% of patients reported 'good' or 'very good' efficacy as did 94.3% during the follow-up. Approximately 96% of patients rated the tolerability of treatment as 'very good' or 'good'. The incidence of adverse events of possibly causal relationship to azelastine treatment was low during the first 6 months. The most frequent events were the experience of application site reactions (e.g. burning) and bitter or unpleasant taste, specific to azelastine. No unwanted effects were reported by patients continuing treatment. In addition, results of nasal biopsies indicate that with the dose used azelastine nasal spray is a safe drug for long-term treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Investigation of long-term efficacy and tolerability of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. 810 60

The efficacy and safety of a new antiallergic drug, intranasal azelastine (CAS 58581-89-8), in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis was investigated in a 16 patient double-blind comparison with placebo and another 36 patient open comparison with budesonide (CAS 51333-22-3). Efficacy was assessed in terms of 13 signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis and tolerability on the basis of spontaneously reported adverse events. In the first study, compared to placebo a one week's treatment with azelastine resulted in substantial relief of sneezing (p = 0.009), nasal itching (p = 0.009), swelling of the nasal mucosa (p = 0.067) and rhinorrhoea (p = 0.262) in patients having the above symptoms at baseline of at least moderate to severe intensity. According to the judgement of the supervising physician, 7/8 azelastine-treated patients but none receiving placebo responded well to therapy (p = 0.001). In the second study a two weeks' treatment with intranasal azelastine was found not to differ significantly from budesonide 67% of patients showed improvement in principal signs of rhinitis after one week's therapy irrespective of treatment. Nasal symptoms, including nasal obstruction, were most markedly improved by both treatments. Azelastine, but not budesonide, also relieved ocular symptoms associated with rhinitis. Adverse events did not occur more frequently under azelastine than under placebo treatment and were often of uncertain relationship to treatment.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of azelastine nasal spray in patients with allergic rhinitis compared to placebo and budesonide. 810 85

In a single-center, double-blind, crossover study of 90 subjects, fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray, 200 micrograms, once daily was compared with 200 micrograms twice daily in severe seasonal allergic rhinitis to ragweed. The mean percentage of days free of nasal itching and eye symptoms was significantly higher with twice daily fluticasone propionate (P = .004, P = .005, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups for nasal blockage, rhinorrhea (runny nose), and sneezing. The median symptom scores for nasal itching were lower during twice daily treatment (P = .008) but there was no significant difference for the other symptoms. There were no significant differences between the groups in the use of rescue medication. Adverse events were infrequent, and similar in both groups. Most were considered unrelated to the treatment. Twice daily treatment with fluticasone propionate may be preferable for some patients with severe seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Double-blind comparison of intranasal fluticasone propionate, 200 micrograms, once daily with 200 micrograms twice daily in the treatment of patients with severe seasonal allergic rhinitis to ragweed. 817 30

The mucosal plasma exudate with its proteins, enzymes, derived peptides, and matrix molecules is an important factor in inflammatory airway diseases. This study investigated whether topical glucocorticosteroid treatment influences mucosal exudation of bulk plasma (fibrinogen) and the generation of plasma-derived mediators (bradykinins) in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Twenty-two patients with birch-pollen-induced allergic rhinitis participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study during the birch pollen season in 1989. After a 2-week run-in period, the participants received treatment with budesonide (200 micrograms per nasal cavity and day) or placebo. The patients kept a diary to record their daily nasal symptoms (itching, sneezing, nasal blockage, and secretion). The amount of birch pollen in the air was determined with the aid of a Burkhard pollen trap. A nasal lavage was performed once a week, and the levels of bradykinins and fibrinogen were determined in the lavage fluid samples. The birch pollen season was very mild, resulting in only minor nasal symptoms. In spite of the low pollen exposure, treatment with budesonide reduced the lavage fluid levels of both bradykinins and fibrinogen. The present results show that topical glucocorticosteroid treatment attenuates plasma exudation and the generation of plasma-derived mediators in seasonal allergic rhinitis. This action may not result from simple vascular antipermeability effects of the drug but may rather reflect the anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical glucocorticoids in the airway mucosa.
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PMID:Glucocorticoid-induced attenuation of mucosal exudation of fibrinogen and bradykinins in seasonal allergic rhinitis. 819 50

A total of 107 children of both sexes between 2 and 6 years of age with pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) were entered in a multicentre study of double-blind parallel group design in which the effects of 5 mg cetirizine, given as drops from a solution containing 10 mg/ml once daily each evening for two weeks, were compared with those of identical placebo. Sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and nasal and ocular pruritus were the symptoms evaluated by means of symptom scores by investigators and, on daily record cards, by parents. Investigators also made a global evaluation at the end of treatment. Cetirizine was more active than placebo for each symptom evaluated both by parents and investigators. There were significant by more (p = 0.002) days during which symptoms were absent or mild, in the cetirizine than in the placebo group. When the maximum symptom scores rated by investigators at each visit were compared, the difference in favour of cetirizine at the end of treatment was statistically significant (p = 0.04). Global evaluation by investigators of changes in symptoms at the end of the study showed an improvement in both groups which was significantly greater with cetirizine, providing excellent or good improvement in 34/54 patients compared with 25/53 patients on placebo (p = 0.039). Tolerance was good. Three patients on cetirizine and none on placebo experienced mild somnolence.
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PMID:Cetirizine for seasonal allergic rhinitis in children aged 2-6 years. A double-blind comparison with placebo. 822 Aug 4

Twenty-seven patients suffering from perennial non-allergic rhinitis were treated with capsaicin. The drug was applied intranasally seven times during intervals ranging from 4-7 days. The regimen involved application of a 0.5 ml of a 10 micromolar capsaicin solution on the first day of treatment, 0.5 ml of a 30 micromolar solution on the 2nd and 3rd days of treatment and 0.5 ml of a 100 micromolar solution on the 4th to 7th days of treatment. Two patients dropped out, one because he developed an exanthema of both forearms and the other for unknown reasons. Other side-effects observed were epistaxis (1 case) and increased dryness of the nasal mucosa. Twenty-two patients had experienced nasal obstruction, hypersecretion, nasal itching, sneezing, mucosal dryness and headache before and 6 months following capsaicin application and judged the success of therapy 6 months following treatment. Three patients did not take part in the follow-up. Fifteen of 27 patients felt no change had occurred in nasal complaints, while 7/27 scored significant improvement. Additionally, 11/27 subjects would not undergo this treatment a second time because it had been unsuccessful and/or painful. The mean symptom scores for nasal obstruction, hypersecretion, itching, dryness and headache revealed no significant changes before and 6 months following treatment with capsaicin. Blockers did not benefit from capsaicin treatment. The best change to benefit from intranasal capsaicin application involved patients with nasal hypersecretion and sneezing without substantial obstruction.
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PMID:[Treatment of perennial non-allergic rhinopathy with capsaicin]. 822 19

Allergy to fresh fruits and vegetables is IgE-mediated. Its main clinical features are local, such as oral pruritus and swelling of lips and tongue but systemic symptoms such as urticaria, asthma, or anaphylactic shock may occur. Clinical associations with allergic rhinitis due to cross-reactive antigens of pollens and foods are frequent.
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PMID:IgE-mediated allergy from vegetable allergens. 825 Mar 53


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