Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The simultaneous presence of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis was checked for in 1065 patients with psoriasis and was found in 18 of them (1.7%), which is in keeping with the statistical probability. In these 18 the efflorescence was also examined histologically. All 18 (100%) reported marked pruritus; white dermatographism was observed in 16 patients (89%); in 15 patients (83%) psoriatic phenomenas could be produced, and 11 patients (61%) also had allergic rhinitis or bronchial asthma. Immunologically, 16 of the 18 patients (89%) showed elevated IgE levels, the geometric mean level being 888 IU/ml. The HLA-Cw6 was positive in 9 patients (50%).
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PMID:[Concomitant psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis. A study of 1,065 patients with psoriasis]. 279 60

A double-blind parallel group study was undertaken during May and June 1985 to compare the effect of nedocromil sodium (1% nasal spray) and placebo, taken twice daily, in relieving the symptoms of rhinitis caused by birch pollen. Two centres were involved. The 54 patients studied had a history of rhinitis in 2 previous birch pollen seasons and positive skin tests to birch pollen. Patients were treated for 4 weeks, but to compare the effects of the 2 treatments the peak pollen periods were used. For dairy card symptoms, results in the 2 centres differed: in Tampere, there were trends in favour of nedocromil sodium with respect to itching (P = 0.04, sneezing (P = 0.06) and total symptoms (P = 0.09); in Oulu no significant differences were seen. Nasal peak expiratory flow rates were slightly better in the nedocromil sodium group. In respect of antihistamine usage, results in the 2 centres were similar and significantly more were used in the placebo group (P less than 0.01). At the end of the trial, both the patients' and the investigators' opinions of treatment effect favoured nedocromil sodium. There were no serious side effects. The results suggest that nedocromil sodium 1% nasal spray, when given twice daily, is effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Double-blind comparison of nedocromil sodium (1% nasal spray) and placebo in rhinitis caused by birch pollen. 282 20

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of terfenadine were studied in 13 children with allergic rhinitis, mean age 7.45 +/- 0.54 SEM years. Serum concentrations of the active carboxylic acid metabolite of terfenadine (terfenadine metabolite I) were measured before and hourly for 8 hours after administration of a single dose of terfenadine suspension. The mean maximum serum concentration of terfenadine metabolite I, 242 +/- 28 ng/ml, occurred at 2.3 +/- 0.2 hours; the mean serum half-life value was 2.0 +/- 0.1 hours. Wheals and flares after epicutaneous tests with histamine phosphate, 1.0 mg/ml and 0.2 mg/ml, were significantly suppressed from 1 to 8 hours after the terfenadine dose compared to predose values. Maximum wheal suppression occurred at from 3 to 6 hours. Itching was completely suppressed for 8 hours. No serious adverse effects occurred. Terfenadine in children appears to be well absorbed, and its carboxylic acid metabolite has a short serum elimination half-life. The duration of its suppressive effect on the histamine-induced wheal and flare greatly exceeds that expected from consideration of serum terfenadine metabolite I concentrations.
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PMID:The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of terfenadine in children. 289 38

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a familial inflammatory skin disorder which is characterized by extreme pruritus, the typical morphology and distribution, the chronic or chronically relapsing time course and the personal or family history of atopy (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis). However, there exists a variety of additional features which are either less specific or relatively rare. Although this disease has been well-known since the beginning of the century, the pathogenesis is not clearly understood at present. This review summarizes the reported deviations of the immune system as well as the alterations of the mediators of inflammation and the abnormalities of cyclic nucleotide regulation. These findings will be correlated with clinical symptoms. In particular the following topics were taken into consideration: association with HLA-antigens, elevation of serum IgE and generation of IgE immune complexes, numerical and functional deficiencies of T-suppressor cells, involvement of granulocytes, alterations of mediators of inflammation and especially the observations on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-phosphodiesterase. These extremely complex findings based on the interaction between disregulation of the autonomous nervous system and alterations of the immune system may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
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PMID:[Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis]. 299 74

To examine mast cell involvement in allergic rhinitis, levels of tryptase, a specific marker for mast cell activation, and histamine, a marker of mast cell and basophil activation, were measured in nasal-lavage fluid after nasal-allergen challenge. Twelve atopic subjects with allergic rhinitis and five nonatopic subjects were challenged with timothy grass or ragweed pollen at increasing doses of allergen. Tryptase and histamine levels were determined by an ELISA and radioenzyme assay, respectively; clinical responses were measured by assessment of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and ocular tearing or itching. A positive clinical response was observed in seven of the atopic subjects and in none of the nonatopic subjects. Tryptase levels increased at least sevenfold higher than baseline levels in 100% of the atopic clinical responders and reached a maximum at the same dose of allergen where clinical symptoms were maximal. In contrast, histamine levels were only threefold or greater elevated in five of seven atopic clinical responders at this dose of allergen. (Histamine levels were lower in one subject and were only 50% higher in another subject than the corresponding baseline value.) Histamine levels and symptom scores were maximal at the same dose of allergen in only four of seven clinical responders. Overlap of peak mediator levels in subjects without a clinical response with those of the clinical responders occurred only in the case of histamine. Tryptase levels in nasal-lavage fluid appear promising as a useful indicator of allergic reactions and indicate that mast cell activation is the major factor in the immediate nasal-allergic response.
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PMID:Tryptase levels in nasal-lavage fluid as an indicator of the immediate allergic response. 304 43

Thirty patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis entered a double blind study comparing budesonide (nasal spray, 400 micrograms/d) and i.m. injection of 80 mg methylprednisolone acetate. Symptoms were assessed over a "run in" period of 3-7 days followed by a treatment period of 3 weeks. Pollen counts were evaluated daily. Both the systemic and topical corticosteroid treatment resulted in a significant improvement of nasal and ocular symptoms and were accompanied by reduced antihistamine intake. A comparison of the two treatments in relation to the pollen count yielded statistically significantly fewer nasal symptoms, such as itching, secretion, and sneezing in the budesonide-treated group. Nasal blockage and ocular symptoms remained unchanged, but the use of eyedrops was significantly reduced in the methylprednisolone-treated group. Side effects of both treatments were mild and the incidence negligible. Methylprednisolone-treated patients had a significantly lower cortisol value after 7 days but still had a normal response to ACTH-stimulation. We conclude that the acute symptoms of allergic rhinitis are at least as well ameliorated by regular topical application of budesonide as by a single injection of methylprednisolone acetate. The accompanying allergic conjunctivitis may require additional treatment.
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PMID:Clinical comparison of systemic methylprednisolone acetate versus topical budesonide in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 336 27

A group of Angus X Holstein cattle were determined to have allergic rhinitis. Clinical signs included nasal discharge, tearing, sneezing, and nasal pruritus. The diagnosis was made on the basis of intradermal skin testing of affected and clinically normal cattle. The affected cattle had positive test results to various tree, grass, weed, and mold allergens. The clinical signs and seasonal occurrence were similar to those features for allergic rhinitis in man. Breeding data indicated an inherited mode of transmission, although only females were affected.
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PMID:Familial allergic rhinitis in cattle. 341 Jul 80

We identified two siblings with exercise-induced anaphylaxis who share the HLA haplotype A3-B8-DR3 with their atopic father. The index case, a 16-year-old female, noted initial episodes at age 13. Intense pruritus, urticaria, facial edema, choking sensation, nausea, hypothermia, and collapse followed vigorous running but not swimming, cycling, racquetball, solar exposure, or cold exposure. Neither antihistamine, antiserotonin, anticholinergic nor epinephrine therapy was entirely effective or protective; only modification of running prevented episodes. Three similar episodes were noted at age 15 years by a brother who, now age 25, relates a 4-year history of seasonal rhinitis and exercise-related urticaria without anaphylactoid reaction. The remainder of the family (father, 47; mother, 46; brother, 22 years) does not have exercise intolerance. The father has allergic rhinitis; his nephew suffers exercise-induced urticaria without collapse. HLA typing revealed the father to be A1-B8-DR3, A3-B8-DR3; the symptomatic daughter to be A3-B8-DR3, A30-B5-DR8; and the symptomatic son to be A3-B8-DR3, A30-B5-DR8. The asymptomatic mother was A30-B5-DR8, A2-B7-DR5 and the asymptomatic son A1-B8-DR3, A30-B5-DR8. We describe exercise-induced anaphylaxis in a unique familial setting, perhaps linked to the HLA haplotype A3-B8-DR3.
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PMID:Familial exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 347 Oct 98

The effect of topical dermal anaesthesia on the immediate allergic skin reaction was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-one patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis, confirmed by a positive skin test for the respective pollen allergen, were studied in the pollen-free winter months. Skin-prick tests for one pollen allergen and histamine were performed after pre-treatment of the skin for 1 hr with an emulsion of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) and the equivalent vehicle on different test sites. The skin-prick tests were made with a preloaded standardized test needle (Phazet). The area of the induced weal-and-flare reaction was measured and subsequently calculated with the help of a digitizer served by a microcomputer. The topical dermal anaesthesia induced a reduction of the flare response to histamine by 49% (P less than 0.01) and allergen by 21% (P less than 0.05). No reduction of the histamine- and allergen-induced weal response were noted. Our findings indicate that the treatment did not affect the allergen-induced release of inflammatory mediators and the vascular leakage induced by these mediators. However, this study seems to confirm earlier suggestions that the flare response is partly mediated through neural reflex activity as it was ameliorated by topical anaesthesia. Furthermore, from a clinical point of view, this study shows that it is possible to perform a valid skin test, without any associated itching and pain, if only the weal response is taken into account in the evaluation of the skin-prick test.
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PMID:Topical dermal anaesthesia inhibits the flare but not the weal response to allergen and histamine in the skin-prick test. 362 49

The currently available beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) metered-dose nasal aerosol spray is considered uncomfortable by some patients because of the force of delivery. It was compared for efficacy and acceptability in a double-blind study with a new aqueous suspension BDP spray for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in 44 symptomatic patients aged 12 to 43 years. After 7 days of baseline evaluation, every patient was given both an aerosol canister and an aqueous spray bottle each containing either BDP, 42 mcg per spray, or placebo (P). For 15 days the patient sprayed each nostril twice a day with one spray of suspension (BDP or P) followed 5 minutes later by one spray of aerosol (P or BDP). Patients were evaluated before the study medications were started (day 1) and on days 4, 8, and 15 for nasal and eye symptoms. Nasal cytologic specimens were examined on days 1 and 15, and rhinomanometry was performed on days 1, 8, and 15 of the study. Topical BDP by both methods of delivery was rapidly effective in decreasing mean nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching symptoms as well as mean eye symptoms with no statistically significant differences between them. Nasal airflow increased with both treatments; rhinomanometry significantly correlated with subjective nasal obstruction scores. Of 34 patients with nasal eosinophils, 74% had fewer eosinophils after treatment. Most patients (84%) preferred the aqueous spray over the pressurized aerosol.
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PMID:Clinical, rhinomanometric, and cytologic evaluation of seasonal allergic rhinitis treated with beclomethasone dipropionate as aqueous nasal spray or pressurized aerosol. 371 53


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