Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033774 (pruritus)
 14,546 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the case of a 20-year-old homosexual man with HIV-1 infection presenting with AIDS. An erythemato-squamous, papulo-crustous, non-itching dermatosis of 4 months duration was finally diagnosed as Norwegian scabies in the immunosuppressed. For clinical and epidemiological reasons the high contagiosity of this rare entity requires an appropriate therapy without delay.
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PMID:[Scabies norvegica sive crustosa in a patient with AIDS]. 128 11

Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) often develop unusual skin complications. We describe a case of a 58-year-old man with AIDS who had a history of multiple transfusions with anti-hemophilic factor A. He developed papulovesicular and lichenified skin lesions on his head, face, neck and the extensor aspects of his extremities accompanied by severe pruritus. Atopic dermatitis was suspected; however, intensive treatment with a potent topical corticosteroid and a systemic antihistamine failed. In addition to the decreased subset of CD4-positive lymphocytes characteristic of AIDS, this patient showed an elevated level of serum IgE particularly specific for Candida albicans, probably because he had a chronic candidial infection of the digestive tract. Oral administration of anti-fungal agents Diflucan and Fungizone produced almost complete relief from the atopic dermatitis-like skin disease within 2 weeks.
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PMID:An AIDS patient with atopic dermatitis-like eruption responsive to systemic anti-fungal treatment. 129 91

A report from Kampala, Uganda, compares the situation in 1991 to the state of chaos 10 years earlier when the regime of Idi Amin had been overthrown by Milton Obote's soldiers with the help of Tanzanian troops. Soldiers went on looting sprees, and 1 victim of their marauding became a 12-year old boy who got shot for refusing to part with his bike. In contrast, in 1991 things were much more peaceful; however, the AIDS epidemic was the new threat. The government radio transmits hourly warnings on HIV. Since President Museveni came to power, economy and security have improved radically. Shops and markets are open until late at night; public transport is reliable, and small scale industry flourished. There would be optimism about the future, if AIDS was not here. There is no doubt that the economy will soon be affected. According to the Kampala blood bank, 40% of the healthy population is already seropositive. In the hospitals the majority of admissions suffer from AIDS with diarrhea and an itching dermatitis; there is more cancer of the cervix and lymphoma; appendicitis is on the increase; and tuberculous lymph nodes are now quite common. Many of these patients have clinical AIDS. The government is frank about the situation and is active in preventive measures and education. Private charities and foreign aid organizations contribute. But the epidemic is so overwhelming, that some Western organizations might soon lose interest owning to meager returns on their efforts. A 6-year-old boy has grossly swollen lymph nodes around his neck, both parotids are painfully swollen, pus pours from the ears. A nonspecific cough and mild diarrhea are also present with an itching and sore herpes zoster on his left chest. the mother is frightened of losing him, and demurs at the hint of AIDS, since for her, AIDS means sexual promiscuity.
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PMID:A tale of one city. 139 51

In a study to determine the significance of Bacteroides ureolyticus in the lower urogenital tract using a new selective and differential medium, this organism was isolated from 30.1% of asymptomatic men, 37.8% of men with genital warts, and 26.3% of men with non-gonococcal urethritis. Using the same selective medium B. ureolyticus was isolated from 49% of women attending the same genitourinary clinic with symptoms of vaginal discharge and/or pruritus vulvae, 44.1% of asymptomatic women, and 50% of asymptomatic women attending a local family planning clinic. Furthermore, this organism was isolated from 27.1% of women whose vaginal specimens isolated commensal organisms only, 43.2% with C. albicans, 59.4% with U. urealyticum, 74.4% with M. hominis, and 76.8% with G. vaginalis. On testing with the API ATB 32A test strips, 86% of the positive isolates of B. ureolyticus from the female genital tract were indistinguishable from those isolated from the male genital tract indicating that this organism is common to the lower genital tract of both sexes. These results indicate that B. ureolyticus is a commensal in the lower genital tract.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Significance of Bacteroides ureolyticus in the lower genital tract. 157 80

Pruritus is an important sign of localized or systemic disease and sometimes may be the only symptom of potentially fatal illness. Localized causes of pruritus include stasis dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, neurodermatitis and scabies. Generalized pruritus may be caused by environmental factors such as low humidity, skin diseases such as urticaria, or internal diseases such as biliary obstruction, renal failure, hematologic malignancy or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Therapy for pruritus depends on identification and treatment of the underlying cause. If no specific etiology is found, therapy is palliative. Avoidance of frequent bathing may be helpful, especially when xerosis plays a role. Topical emollients or short-term therapy with low-potency steroids may also be effective. Oral antihistamines provide nonspecific relief for many patients with intractable pruritus.
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PMID:Pruritus. 159 16

The efficacy and tolerability of low, intermittent doses of co-trimoxazole (160 mg trimethoprim and 800 mg sulfamethoxazole given Monday, Wednesday, Friday) for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was assessed retrospectively in 116 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex at high risk of PCP. 92% were receiving concomitant zidovudine. 71 with previous episode(s) of PCP were followed a mean of 18.5 months (range 3-42). 45 without past PCP but with depletion of CD4 cells to less than 200/microliters were observed for a mean of 24.2 months (range 9-40). PCP did not develop in any patient on co-trimoxazole. 33 (28%) had side-effects, mainly rash, pruritus, and nausea. 15 discontinued co-trimoxazole, but only 11 (9%), who withdrew in the first month, were clearly drug-intolerant. Thus, low-dose, thrice weekly co-trimoxazole completely prevents AIDS-associated PCP, is cost-effective, and well tolerated by more than 85% of patients. Controlled comparisons of this regimen with other prophylactic agents are warranted.
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PMID:Low-dose co-trimoxazole for prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus disease. 167 73

Actual incidence of vulvovaginitis is unknown, but apparently about 75% of women experience at least 1 episode of yeast vulvovaginitis during their reproductive years. Candida species causes almost all cases, e.g., Candida albicans causes about 90% of cases. Other species include C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. The spore form of C. albicans spreads the infection and is asymptomatic. The mycelia form induces symptoms. Neither C. glabrata nor C. tropicalis produce mycelia. The 1st step in establishing an infection is bonding to the vaginal mucosa. C. albicans adheres better than do the other 2 species. Proteolytic enzymes help the fungus bind to the mucosa. Research indicates that differences in the composition of normal vaginal bacteria, dearths in site functions that are specific for Candida, or prostaglandin or IgE interference with the cellular mediated immune response specific to Candida may be responsible for recurrent infections. The signs and symptoms of yeast vulvovaginitis are not clear cut so clinicians need to request laboratory tests on samples to confirm diagnosis. The most common symptom is considerable itching. Antifungal medicine is either topical or systemic. The most common yet oldest antifungal agent is 0.5-1% gentian violet applied topically to the affected mucous membranes. There is dome evidence, however, that it causes chromosome damage in some mammal cells. No reported cases of cancer in humans exist though. Imidazoles and polyene compounds constitute the mainstays of candidiasis treatment. Oral ketoconazole has shown promise in preventing recurrence. Colonization and symptomatic vaginitis rates rise during pregnancy. Symptomatic vaginitis is most common during the 3rd trimester. Diabetes mellitus also predisposes women to vaginitis. Women who use high dose oral contraceptives, the contraceptive sponge, and antibiotics also face increased risk of colonization and symptomatic vaginitis. Vaginitis is common among women with AIDS.
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PMID:Fungal vulvovaginitis. 181 23

To evaluate the consequences of receiving human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive blood, 90 HIV-1-seronegative recipients of HIV-1-seropositive blood (case patients) and 90 HIV-1-seronegative recipients of HIV-1-seronegative blood, matched for age, sex, number of transfusions, diagnosis, and severity of illness (controls), were followed for 12 months after transfusion at Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Of case patients and controls, 72% were children transfused for anemia caused by malaria. Of the 46 case patients case patients alive 6 months after transfusion and for whom HIV-1 serologic results were obtained, 44 (96%) had seroconverted. Significantly more case patients (47%) than controls (16%) died within 1 year after transfusion (P less than .001). In the first 3 months after transfusion, fatigue, diarrhea, fever, cough, pruritus, pallor, oral candidiasis, polyadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and rhinorrhea were observed more often among seroconverters than controls (P less than .04). Six percent of case patients and no controls had developed clinical AIDS after 12 months of follow-up. These findings underscore the urgent need for appropriate HIV screening facilities in transfusion centers worldwide.
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PMID:Seroconversion rate, mortality, and clinical manifestations associated with the receipt of a human immunodeficiency virus-infected blood transfusion in Kinshasa, Zaire. 186 35

Twenty-one immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV 1)-positive hemophilic patients were treated with Azidothymidine (AZT) for symptomatic HIV infection. The median observation period was 20.5 months. At 25 months the probability of survival was 82%, the probability of progression of disease from CDC III or IV C2 to IV C1 (AIDS) was 20% in patients on continuous AZT treatment and 50% in patients with interruption of treatment. Three patients developed severe leukopenia and 3 patients severe anemia during AZT treatment. In 1 patient a dose-dependent striking increase of transaminases during AZT treatment was observed. In 7 patients treatment was interrupted, in 1 patient because of anemia, in 1 because of pruritus and in 5 patients because of non-compliance. No significant changes in the consumption of clotting factor concentrates and number of bleeding episodes before and during AZT treatment were noted. We conclude, that both hematological and non-hematological side effects of AZT in HIV 1-infected hemophilic patients are comparable to those seen in other risk groups. AZT does not increase the bleeding tendency in this patient group.
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PMID:Azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of symptomatic HIV-1-infected hemophiliacs. 198 Mar 81

The pruritic papular eruption of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by generalized, pruritic, skin-colored papules and nodules. Chronic lesions are excoriated and hyperpigmented. The eruption and pruritus typically wax and wane and are resistant to oral antihistamine and topical steroid therapy. The characteristic histologic features are (1) superficial and mid dermal perivascular and perifollicular mononuclear cell infiltrate with numerous eosinophils and (2) follicular damage of varying degrees. When compared with control subjects, these patients did not demonstrate any significant difference in laboratory or demographic data.
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PMID:Pruritic papular eruption of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a clinicopathologic study. 182 Jul 79


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