Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Factors which influence levels of plasma AII in late pregnancy have been studied in 50 primigravidas and 53 multigravidas. A highly significant relationship has been shown between diastolic blood pressure and plasma AII (r = 0.4190 p less than 0.005) in primigravidas but not in multigravidas (r = 0.205; p less than 0.3). Multiple regression analysis and analysis of covariance have been applied to a series of independent variables with plasma AII as the dependent variable. The single most important variable related to AII levels in primigravidas was diastolic blood pressure whereas in multigravidas it was proteinuria. Rhesus blood group was shown to have a significant effect in both parity groups, Rh-negative primigravid women exhibiting higher values of AII.
 ...
PMID:Pregnancy hypertension, parity, and the renin-angiotensin system. 71 47

To determine the possible role of a glycaemic control in lipid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured in well-controlled and poorly controlled lean NIDDM without proteinuria and hypertension. A sample of 96 lean NIDDM patients (body mass index less than 25 kg m-2 in men and less than 27 kg m-2 in women) were divided into two groups: group I, where the HbA1c concentration had been less than 6% for the previous 3 months, and group II, where the HbA1c concentration had been greater than 8% for the previous 3 months. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol levels showed no significant differences between groups I and II. Furthermore, serum levels of apolipoproteins AI, AII, B, CII, CIII, and E did not differ significantly between groups I and II. These results suggest that glycaemic control did not influence lipid metabolism in lean NIDDM patients.
 ...
PMID:Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in non-hypertensive lean NIDDM patients. 186 64

The kinetic parameters of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its major apolipoproteins (Apo) AI and Apo AII were studied in 2 patients with moderate and severe proteinuria and 2 normal controls after intravenous injection of autologous 125I-HDL. The fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of HDL estimated by urine/plasma radioactivity ratio, and FCR of Apo AI and Apo AII calculated from the radioactivity decay curves were higher in the patients. These results support the concept that high-density lipoproteinuria and renal parenchymal sequestration of HDL found in the nephrotic syndrome contribute to accelerated HDL catabolism.
 ...
PMID:High-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein AI and AII turnover in moderate and severe proteinuria. 314 3

We investigated lipoprotein profiles in 24 children with normal renal function at different stages of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS). Four groups of patients were studied: (I) steriod-resistant NS with persistent proteinuria; (II) untreated steroid-sensitive NS during a relapse; (III) steroid-sensitive NS in remission induced by steroid-treatment; (IV) steroid-sensitive NS in long-term remission without therapy. Triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), and phospholipids (PLP) were measured in plasma as well as in the lipoprotein fractions of very low (VLDL), intermediate (IDL), low (LDL) and high density (HDL). Apoproteins (Apo) AI, AII, B and C-apoproteins were measured in patients of groups I and IV. Results were compared to those obtained in 24 healthy control subjects. All patients with active NS (groups I-III) had significantly elevated CHOL levels. TG and CHOL in the VLDL, IDL, LDL, and CHOL in HDL2, but not HDL3 were inversely correlated with the serum albumin level. Patients with active NS had increased concentrations of TG and CHOL in lipoprotein fractions of lower density. Total and fractionated HDL-CHOL was not significantly different from control levels in any group. Patients in group I had significantly reduced Apo AI levels, whereas an increase of Apo AI and Apo AII in HDL3 and of most C-apoproteins in both HDL fractions was observed in patients of group IV. While changes in HDL apoprotein composition during long-term remission are of yet unknown clinical significance, our data indicate an increased risk of atherosclerosis only in those paediatric patients with persistent steroid-resistant NS.
 ...
PMID:Lipoprotein profiles at different stages of the nephrotic syndrome. 339 Dec 17

We studied the effect of the combination of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and spontaneous renal injury in male MWF rats. Renal hemodynamics was studied by micropuncture 1 month after streptozotocin administration, and kidney morphological evaluation was performed after 4 months of diabetes. We also studied the effect of angiotensin II antagonism on development of renal lesions. Untreated animals developed mild hypertension, proteinuria, and glomerulosclerosis. Induction of diabetes, and maintenance of a moderate hyperglycemic state, was associated with slight but significant elevation in systemic and glomerular capillary blood pressure. Development of proteinuria was not accelerated or exacerbated by diabetes. Glomerular and tubular structural changes were also not worsened by diabetes. Antihypertensive treatment with an ACE inhibitor (benazepril) or with an AII receptor antagonist (valsartan) almost completely prevented systemic and glomerular capillary hypertension, proteinuria and renal structural changes. No significant differences in glomerular volume were observed among the four groups. That induction of experimental diabetes, although associated with glomerular capillary hypertension, did not aggravate the rate of progression of renal dysfunction would suggest that glomerular injury is not directly influenced by glomerular hemodynamic conditions in these animals. Prevention of renal functional and structural abnormalities by antagonism of AII activity in diabetic MWF rats suggests a pathogenetic role for angiotensin in inducing the renal disease in these animals.
 ...
PMID:Prevention of renal injury in diabetic MWF rats by angiotensin II antagonism. 952 71

In patients with hypertension and chronic renal parenchymal disease, BP should be controlled to 130/85 mmHg or lower (125/75 mmHg) in patients with proteinuria in excess of 1 g/day. Reducing dietary sodium (< 7 g/day) and protein (< 0.6-0.7 g/kg) helps control high BP and renal function in patients with renal insufficiency. As first antihypertensive drug, ACE inhibitors or long-acting Ca antagonists are recommended. In patients with renovascular hypertension, angioplasty is the first choice increasingly to be accompanied by stenting, and surgical revascularization is the next choice. As antihypertensive drugs, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and AII-receptor blockers are recommended. Hypertension accompanied by endocrine disease with adenoma or tumor is almost cured or improved by surgical removal. Spironolactone and Ca antagonists are used in patients with idiopathic aldosteronism (bilateral hyperplasia). Alpha and beta blockers are used in patients with pheochromocytoma during preoperative period.
 ...
PMID:[Secondary hypertension]. 1139 95

The RENAAL Study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the renal protective effects of losartan in Type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. The study has enrolled 1513 patients and is expected to continue for 3.5 years after the last patient has been entered. Eligible patients must have a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio of at least 300 mg/g and serum creatinine between 1.3 to 3.0 mg/dL. Eligible hypertensive or normotensive patients are randomised to receive either losartan or placebo, in addition to their existing antihypertensive therapy. Medications that block angiotensin production or action, are excluded. The primary endpoint is a composite of the time to first event of doubling of serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease, or death; secondary endpoints include cardiovascular events, progression of renal disease, and changes in proteinuria; tertiary endpoints include quality of life, healthcare resource utilisation, and amputations. Patients include Caucasians (48.6%), Blacks (15.2%), Asians (16.7%), and Hispanics (18.2%). Baseline urinary albumin:creatinine ratio and serum creatinine levels average 1867 mg/g and 1.9 mg/dL, respectively. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures are 153 and 82 mmHg, respectively. RENAAL will document whether blockade of the AII receptor with losartan produces clinical benefits in patients with Type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.
 ...
PMID:The losartan renal protection study--rationale, study design and baseline characteristics of RENAAL (Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan). 1196 19

Apolipoprotein AII (ApoAII) amyloidosis, first reported in 2001 in a family with renal amyloidosis, is associated with mutations in the stop codon of the apolipoprotein AII gene resulting in a carboxyl terminal peptide extension of 21 amino acid residues in the protein. Since death from this form of amyloidosis is due to renal failure, kidney dialysis and renal transplantation are presently the only two therapeutic options. We report the case of a Caucasian man who developed proteinuria in his late 20's, had renal biopsy at the age of 33 which gave the diagnosis of renal amyloidosis, and required continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis by age 45. He received a cadaver renal transplant at age 47 and has maintained stable renal function for nine years without other evidence for organ system dysfunction from amyloidosis. Laboratory studies confirmed persistence of the ApoAII variant in the patient's plasma in addition to the normal ApoAII protein. This is in agreement with the DNA analysis which showed the patient to be heterozygous for the ApoAII stop78Gly mutation. These results indicate that renal transplantation is an effective therapy for apolipoprotein AII amyloidosis since recurrence of amyloid in the graft and progression of other organ involvement may be very slow.
 ...
PMID:Renal transplantation for apolipoprotein AII amyloidosis. 1498 81

Hypertension and proteinuria are risk factors for renal disease progression. There is clear evidence that pharmacological blockade of the RAS with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) reduces proteinuria and slows down the progression of renal disease in diabetic and non diabetic nephropathies, a beneficial effect not related to blood pressure control. However, not all patients respond similarly to these treatments. Some patients exhibit a significant beneficial response while others do not. The absence of response may be explained by the incomplete blockade of the RAS obtained with ACEI, which are unable to block completely the formation of AII, some generation of AII is produced via other non ACE pathways. In the search of new alternatives that could improve the antiproteinuric and nephroprotective effects of RAS blockers, the association of ACEI and ARB might prove to be useful. ARB produces a complete blockade of the RAS and stimulates the vasodilating and non-proliferative actions of AII via the AT-2 receptor. Furthermore, ACE inhibitors but not ARB; inhibit the metabolism of kinins, which increases the level of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Recently, several authors have shown a more marked antiproteinuric effect of the dual blockade of the RAS versus ACEI or ARB alone in spite of a similar effect on blood pressure. A recent study also has demonstrated that this more marked antiproteinuric effect is associated with a less progression of renal disease in primary, non diabetic nephropathies. Furthermore, at least two studies have shown that, treatment with ARB postpones end-stage renal disease and reduces the rate of decline in renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, but until now, there is not any clear evidence of a superior beneficial effect of dual blockade versus maximal recommended dose of ARB regarding renal progression in type 2 diabetic nephropathy, which is the most frequent cause of end stage renal disease. Long-term clinical trials are needed and encouraged to further establish the significant role of dual blockade in renal protection particularly in diabetic nephropathy.
 ...
PMID:The reno-protective effect of the dual blockade of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). 1585 85

Oxygen metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF). Previously, we have reported a down regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in glycerol-induced ARF, and the induction of PPARgamma has been shown to provide renal protection. In this study, we determined the protective influence of U74389G, a hydroxyl radical scavenger in myoglobinuric ARF, and its association with PPARgamma-mediated renal protection in the rat. Vascular responses to AII were determined in renal pre-glomerular vessels following the induction of ARF with glycerol (50%, v/v, i.m.). The extent of renal damage and function were assessed with or without pre-treatment with U74389G (10 mg/kg x 21 days). In ARF, AII vasoconstriction was enhanced (97%; p < 0.05), and AII production was doubled. U74389G reduced AII vasoconstriction and production by 42% (p < 0.05) and 40% (p < 0.05), respectively. U74389G reduced proteinuria (85%; p < 0.05), which was four times higher in ARF. Similarly, U74389G enhanced Na+ excretion twofold while reducing plasma creatinine (24%; p < 0.05) and BUN (31%; p < 0.05). U74389G attenuated free radical generation in ARF while nitrite excretion was unchanged. In renal pre-glomerular vessel, PPARgamma expression, activity, and mRNA were significantly lower in ARF rats; this was unchanged with U74389G treatment. On the other hand, U74389G significantly reduced NFkappaB protein expression, which was elevated in ARF by 25% (p < 0.05). We suggest that antioxidant U74389G blunted renal injury and improved renal function in glycerol-induced ARF through the reduction of free radical production and/or inhibition of NFkappaB without affecting PPARgamma.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidant U74389G improves glycerol-induced acute renal failure without affecting PPARgamma gene. 1799 60


1 2 Next >>