Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dietary protein restriction is known to be beneficial in the preservation of renal function when renal mass is reduced. This study investigates the effects of two different dietary proteins, casein and soya, upon renal function in normal rats and rats subjected to subtotal nephrectomy. The diets were isocaloric, with identical sodium, potassium and phosphorus contents. Normal rats ingesting a 24% soya protein diet demonstrate lower effective renal plasma flow rates and lower glomerular filtration rates than rats ingesting a 24% casein diet. Experimental animals were subjected to a unilateral nephrectomy and contralateral partial renal infarction and were fed either casein or soya, at 24 or 12% levels, for 3 months. Those animals ingesting the soya diets demonstrated improved survival (p less than 0.05), less proteinuria (p less than 0.02), less renal hypertrophy (p less than 0.005) and less renal histological damage. The nature of the dietary protein appears to influence both normal renal function and the progression of experimentally induced renal disease.
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PMID:Effect of varying quantity and quality of dietary protein intake in experimental renal disease in rats. 360 Sep 17

Nephrotoxic agents such as puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) and sodium maleate (MAL) have been used to induce experimental glomerular proteinuria and tubular disease, respectively. Current studies show that PAN caused a massive loss of albumin in the urine while not affecting the excretion of the smaller, sex-dependent alpha 2 mu-globulin. On the other hand, MAL which inhibits the reabsorption of proteins, increased the loss of both alpha 2 mu and albumin. Both nephrotoxic agents increased the excretion of albumin when administered to female rats. MAL-induced proteinuria was used as a direct measure of the renal load for alpha 2 mu and albumin. Renal loads and excretion of alpha 2 mu and albumin were measured in male rats maintained on 0, 20, and 50% casein diets. On the protein-free diet, the excretion of both alpha 2 mu and albumin was reduced (less than 1 mg daily); their renal loads were almost totally reabsorbed. On a 50% casein diet the reabsorption of alpha 2 mu was reduced from a normal of 60% to 10% of the renal load. Thus the high protein diet increased the excretion of alpha 2 mu while having little effect on the excretion of albumin. We suggest that dietary protein exerts two levels of control on the excretion of protein in the urine of the adult male rat. Protein-deficient diets stimulate the general reabsorption of proteins thereby minimizing the excretion of alpha 2 mu and albumin. High protein diets appear to reduce selectively the reabsorption of alpha 2 mu-globulin, thereby increasing its excretion in the urine.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of alpha 2 mu-globulin and albumin by adult male rats following treatment with nephrotoxic agents. 617 Sep

The effects of different dietary regimens on proteinuria in aging male Wistar rats were examined. When rats were given 50% restricted diets from the weanling and young adult (80-days-old) period, they excreted a physiologically normal level of less than 10 mg/day of urinary protein throughout life, and the electrophoretic pattern of their excreted proteins was also normal. This effect of dietary restriction in preventing proteinuria was due to simultaneous restrictions of total energy and protein intake. When rats of middle age (430-days-old) suffering from proteinuria were given 50% restricted diets, their urinary protein excretion decreased rapidly to 20 mg/day, but not further, and then the electrophoretic pattern of their excreted proteins was similar to that of rats with proteinuria. Results on the effect of switching from a commercial diet to 20% casein diet given ad libitum suggested that proteinuria in aging rats may be prevented by dietary control of certain nutrients besides total energy and/or protein intake.
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PMID:Effects of feed restriction and switching the diet on proteinuria in male Wistar rats. 647 Apr 42

We have examined the effects of various levels of dietary protein intake on the course of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in the rat by feeding low (4.6% casein), standard (23% casein), and high (57.5% casein) protein diets which were identical in calorie, mineral, and electrolyte content. Nephritic rats on a high protein diet manifested heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, azotemia, and elevated serum creatinine levels. In those subjected to dietary protein restriction, proteinuria remitted and azotemia did not develop. While mesangial widening, interstitial abnormalities, and segmental proliferation and sclerosis of glomeruli occurred regularly in nephritic rats fed high protein diets, histologic abnormalities were virtually absent in those on low protein intake. Animals on a standard protein intake manifested histologic and clinical features intermediate in severity. We conclude that the renal functional and histologic consequences of nephrotoxic serum nephritis can be averted by dietary protein restriction.
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PMID:Amelioration of experimental glomerulonephritis by dietary protein restriction. 666 81

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of a calcium antagonist, manidipine, on the outcome of a remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure in Fisher 344 rats. After sham operation or five-sixths nephrectomy (Nx), the rats were assigned to one of the following groups according to the administered amount of drug and were provided a specified diet for 12 weeks: group 1 (sham), diet without manidipine; group 2 (Nx), diet without manidipine; group 3 (Nx), diet with 0.0004% manidipine; group 4 (Nx), diet with 0.002% manidipine; group 5 (Nx), diet with 0.01% manidipine; group 6 (Nx), diet with 0.05% manidipine. All diet contained the same amount of calories (3.44 kcal/gm) and protein (25% casein). Systolic blood pressure and urinary protein excretion in group 2 began to increase at 8 and 4 weeks after ablation, respectively. Manidipine attenuated the increase in blood pressure in groups 4 through 6 but not in group 3. Manidipine-treated groups 3 to 5 had significantly less proteinuria than group 2. Group 6 had significantly more proteinuria than group 2. At 12 weeks after ablation, the kidneys from group 2 showed severe parenchymal damage, which is characteristic of end-stage renal pathology. These changes were ameliorated in groups 3 through 5, while group 6 had significantly more injured renal pathology than group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of a calcium antagonist, manidipine, on progressive renal injury associated with mild hypertension in remnant kidneys. 773 19

The effects of amino acid-fortified low casein and fish oil (FO) diets on hyperlipidemia and proteinuria were studied in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis. After an antiserum injection, rats were maintained for 14 d on four different experimental diets: a 20% casein diet containing corn oil (CO) or FO, or an 8% casein diet supplemented with cystine plus threonine containing CO or FO. The 8% casein diets reduced urinary protein excretion in nephritic rats without inducing severe growth retardation or fatty liver compared with the basal 20% casein diets. Both the 8% casein diet and the FO diet decreased serum cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels in nephritic rats, and nonesterified fatty acid levels were decreased by FO feeding. In nephritic animals, hepatic cholesterol synthesis was decreased by the 8% casein diets compared with the 20% casein diets, and tended to be reduced by FO feeding between groups at the same casein levels. No effect of diet was observed on fatty acid synthesis among the nephritic rats. FO administration to the nephritic animals suppressed fecal steroid excretion. While lipoprotein lipase activity was unchanged among the nephritic rats, hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was reduced by either the 8% casein or FO diet. The results suggest that the hypolipidemic action of low casein diets may, at least in part, be due to reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis and suppressed triglyceride secretion from the liver. They also suggest that the hypolipidemic action of FO may, at least in part, be due to reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis and decreased fatty acid mobilization from peripheral adipose tissue.
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PMID:Effects of low casein and fish oil on hyperlipidemia and proteinuria in nephritic rats. 786 59

The objective of these studies was to examine the effects of early dietary protein restriction on disease progression and survival in the DBA/2FG-pcy (pcy) mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. Male pcy mice of 70 days of age were fed either a normal protein (NP, 25% casein) or a low-protein (LP, 6% casein) diet for 105 days. At the end of the dietary treatment, kidney weight, kidney weight relative to body weight and kidney water contents were almost 50% lower, and relative renal phospholipid and triglyceride contents were almost 50% higher, in mice fed the LP diet, indicating a marked reduction in the progression of cystic disease. Morphometric analyses also revealed a lower total and percent cyst area in kidneys derived from mice on the LP compared with the NP diet. There were no significant differences in final body weight, urine volume and osmolality, GFR, proteinuria, or plasma levels of protein and urea between these two groups. In a second study, it was found that all mice fed an NP diet from 70 days of age onward had died by 310 days of age, compared with a 42% survival rate in LP-fed mice at this age. Overall, the mean lifespan for pcy mice on the LP diet was 24% longer than that for those mice on the NP diet (310 +/- 20 versus 251 +/- 16 days; P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Early dietary protein restriction slows disease progression and lengthens survival in mice with polycystic kidney disease. 789 2

To assess the progression of renal disease and the effects of protein intake in a species phylogenically close to humans, 14 adolescent baboons (Papio hamadryas) were subjected to infarction of one third of the left kidney and, 2 months later, to right nephrectomy. They were then randomized to a synthetic protein diet containing either 8% or 25% casein. Hemodynamic and metabolic measurements were obtained in awake animals every 4 months. Modest proteinuria developed immediately after left kidney infarction, and hypertension after right nephrectomy. Proteinuria and hypertension, however, were similar in both groups and did not progress for the next 60 months. Inulin clearance markedly increased with implementation of the synthetic diet in baboons given 25% protein, in contrast to animals given 8% protein, averaging 46.6 +/- 4.7 mL/min versus 28.2 +/- 2.6 mL/min, respectively, after 4 months. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) changed little immediately thereafter and, at 1 year, averaged 43.0 +/- 1.4 mL/min and 28.0 +/- 4.3 mL/min, respectively. During the next 4 years, however, inulin clearance steadily decreased in baboons fed 25% protein. The inverse correlation between inulin clearance and time of follow-up was y = 48.5 - 0.36x (r = -0.879, P < 0.001) in baboons fed 25% protein and y = 29.0 - 0.11x (r = -0.625, P < 0.02) in baboons fed 8% protein. Nevertheless, after 5 years, the mean GFR was still significantly greater in animals given the 25% protein diet than in baboons fed 8% protein, averaging 29.1 +/- 0.6 mL/min and 24.1 +/- 1.0 mL/min, respectively (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of protein diets on the renal function of baboons (Papio hamadryas) with remnant kidneys: a 5-year follow-up. 831 Oct 75

We have previously demonstrated that low-casein diets supplemented with cystine and threonine reduced hyperlipidemia and proteinuria in nephritic rats without noticeable protein malnutrition. In the present study, we examined whether or not a low-casein diet supplemented with methionine, sulfur amino acid other than cystine, and threonine would ameliorate the symptoms without protein malnutrition in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis by feeding experimental diets for 10 days. A methionine-threonine-supplemented 8.5% casein diet (8.5 CMT), when compared with a basal 20% casein diet, improved hypoalbuminemia as well as hyperlipidemia and proteinuria without noticeable growth retardation and fatty liver induction in nephritic rats. Fecal bile acid excretion and microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity were enhanced by 8.5CMT feeding. These results suggest that amino acid-balanced low protein diet would have a beneficial effect on the symptoms of nephritis. They also suggest that the hypocholesterolemic action of 8.5CMT may be, at least in part, due to increased fecal bile acid excretion accompanied by elevated microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity.
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PMID:Improvement of hyperlipidemia and proteinuria without noticeable growth retardation by feeding a methionine and threonine supplemented low-casein diet to nephritic rats. 853 82

Injection of puromycin aminonucleoside to rats induces nephrotic syndrome characterized by hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria and hypercholesterolemia. In these rats, a low protein diet (6% casein diet) increased serum albumin by 26.3%, decreased proteinuria by 39% and reduced total cholesterol by 32%. Branched chain aminotransferase activity in kidney mitochondria of nephrotic rats fed 20 or 6% casein diet decreased by 30 and 24% with respect to their pair-fed groups and it was not modified by the protein content of the diet. Mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase mRNA expression decreased by 67.3 and 72.5% in nephrotic rats fed 20 and 6% casein diet in comparison to their pair-fed groups. Total serum branched chain amino acids concentration (leucine, isoleucine, valine) in nephrotic rats was 30% higher than their pair-fed groups and it was associated with a decrease in the branched chain aminotransferase activity and mRNA expression suggesting that the catabolism of branched chain amino acid is reduced to conserve body nitrogen.
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PMID:Reduced kidney branched chain aminotransferase expression in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome. 939 33


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