Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome and the maternal blood groups. Five hundred and forty-seven women with severe preeclampsia were included and divided into eight groups according to their blood groups: A Rh-positive (n=203), A Rh-negative (n=38), B Rh-positive (n=83), B Rh-negative (n=10), 0 Rh-positive (n=148), 0 Rh-negative (n=21), AB Rh-positive (n=39), and AB Rh-negative (n=5). The groups were controlled by analysis of variance and found to be homogeneous with respect to parity, gestational age, blood pressure, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet values, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, uric acid, and proteinuria. Incidence of HELLP syndrome was 24% in the overall study population whereas 48% of the patients with the blood group O Rh-negative had HELLP syndrome associated with an increase in risk by a factor of 3.1. To our knowledge this is the first report of such an association.
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PMID:Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in patients with HELLP syndrome. 1241 Mar 71

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a cytosolic enzyme found in high concentrations in the liver. We investigated the value of plasma GST measurements in pre-eclamptic patients. A total of 80 patients (40 in the pre-eclampsia group and 40 in the control group) were recruited. All patients were evaluated for GST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Pre-eclampsia was defined as the occurrence, after 20 weeks' gestation, of a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg on two or more occasions at least 4 h apart, and concomitant proteinuria greater than 0.3 g/l over a 24-h urine collection period. There was no statistical difference between the pre-eclampsia and control groups in terms of ALT, gestational age, maternal age or number of previous pregnancies; a significant difference was found between the pre-eclampsia and control groups in terms of GST. Preeclampsia represents a significant cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Accurate assessment of hepatocellular damage is essential in the clinical management of these patients. GST levels in pre-eclamptic patients were found to be much higher (131.98 IU/l) than in control patients (68.67 IU/l), and this high level suggests hepatocellular damage. We concluded that measurement of plasma GST might provide an earlier and much more sensitive indicator of hepatocellular damage than other liver-function tests.
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PMID:Measurement of plasma glutathione S-transferase in hepatocellular damage in pre-eclampsia. 1244 17

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with several extrahepatic syndromes. The principal types of renal disorders associated with chronic HCV infection are cryoglobulinemia or noncryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) may precipitate or exacerbate the occurrence of MPGN. Our patient was a 32-year-old man who tested positive for HCV in July 1997. The patient was treated with IFN-alpha in another medical center for 6 months because his liver biopsy showed chronic active hepatitis. In December 1998, he applied to our clinic for a follow-up examination. The level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 44 U/L, and that of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 69 U/L. HCV RNA was positive in serum, and chronic HCV infection was detected by liver biopsy. IFN-alpha therapy (5 million U/day) was administered for 6 months longer. In May 1999, the patient came to our polyclinic with edema of the feet and legs. We detected proteinuria, serum cholesterol of 269 mg/dl, AST of 50 U/L, ALT of 41 U/L, serum total protein of 3.4 g/dl, serum albumin of 1.2 g/dl, positive cryoglobulin, and urine protein of 9.84 g/day. Cryoglobulinemic MPGN was suspected and kidney biopsy was performed, resulting in a diagnosis of minimal change disease (MCD).
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PMID:Minimal change disease in a patient receiving IFN-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. 1263 99

The activities of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase (CK), amylase (AMS) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) have been used to assess the toxic effects of xenobiotics that have hypoglycaemic action in hepatic, pancreatic, renal and muscle tissue. Using a validated experimental model of diabetes mellitus in rats, we ascertained whether this syndrome itself affected the serum activities of these enzymes over a 53-day period. Levels of hepatic enzymes AST, ALT and ALP were higher in the streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats (group D), but were controlled by insulin therapy (group DI). AMS was reduced in group D and unchanged in group DI rats. Proteinuria was detected 1 day after STZ administration and partially controlled by insulin (group DI); its early presence in group D rats, and the lack of any change in serum ACE in this group, indicates that proteinuria is the better marker for microangiopathy. Microscopic examination of liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscles (soleus and extensor digitorum longus) revealed various alterations in group D rat tissues, which were less pronounced in group DI. The liver, pancreas and kidney tissue-damage was consistent with the altered serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and AMS and proteinuria. We conclude that: (i) rigorous control is required when these serum-enzyme levels are used as indicators of tissue toxicity in experimental diabetes, and (ii) LD, CK and bilirubin serum levels, which are unaffected by diabetes, can be used when testing effects of xenobiotics on tissues.
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PMID:Temporal response pattern of biochemical analytes in experimental diabetes. 1282 18

The explosive RDX (hexogen, cyclonite) is usually used for the production of C-4 explosive. The rare occurrence of accidental and intentional RDX intoxications has been reported during manufacturing process or in wartime. In this article, the authors report 5 cases of accidental oral RDX poisoning. On admission, observed signs and symptoms included repetitive generalized tonic-clonic convulsions, postictal coma, lethargy, confusion, hyperreflexia, postictal amnesia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal tenderness, sinusal tachycardia, dysrhythmia with frequent ventricular premature beats, generalized muscle spasms, and myoclonus. Leukocytosis, mild anemia, methemoglobinemia, elevated levels of blood glucose, serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, amilase, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, proteinuria, glucosuria, and myoglobinuria were also noted. Plasma RDX concentrations were 268 to 969 ng/mL at 3 hours of ingestion. For management, supportive and symptomatic measures were taken. Whole-bowel irrigation might have been an effective therapeutic procedure due to probable slow gastrointestinal absorption of RDX. Three patients who developed severe metabolic acidosis underwent urgent hemodialysis. All patients were discharged 7 to 21 days after admission without any sequelae. Plasma RDX levels were strongly correlated with the clinical and laboratory manifestations. The available toxicological data on this rare accidental poisoning are reviewed in light of the literature.
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PMID:Accidental oral poisoning caused by RDX (cyclonite): a report of 5 cases. 1518 66

The aim of this laboratory-based study was to investigate some of the toxic effects induced by the venom from Hemiscorpious lepturus (H. lepturus). For this aim, pharmacological, histological, biochemical methods as well as complete blood cell count were used to assess these toxic actions. In addition, in vitro haemolysis studies on human washed blood suspension and cytotoxicity on cultured fibroblasts were also undertaken. In vitro pharmacological test was made on rat isolated ileal segment. To this end, the effects of the venom on the contractile responsiveness to acetylcholine were recorded using F30 transducer and Darco chart recorder. For assessment of the haemolytic potency, varying concentrations (2, 10, 20 and 40 microg/ml) of the venom were added to 0.5 ml of 5% washed human blood and after 30 min, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24h of exposure, the degree of lysis (extent of redness developed in the supernatant solution after centrifugation) were measured by ELISA method. Cytotoxicity potential of the venom was assessed by trypan blue exclusion test. The venom (0.1, 1 and 10 microg/ml) was mixed with confluent fibroblast cell culture and the extent cytotoxicity was assessed microscopically. In vivo studies were conducted by a subcutaneous administration of sub-lethal dose (10 microg) of the venom and after 7 days the skin, at the site of injection, and kidney samples were stained by H & E method and examined microscopically. In addition, biochemical assessments including measurement of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and amylase levels and urine analysis were made. The results showed that the venom prevented the relaxation phase of the acetylcholine-induced contractions on the isolated ileal segments and finally produced sustained spasmodic contractions. This spasmodic action was abolished by 1 microM atropine. The venom produced haemolysis of red blood cells in a concentration-dependent and duration-of-exposure manner, with 100% of haemolysis produced after 24h following exposure to 40 microg/ml of venom. While cultured fibroblasts cells were more sensitive and disintegrated after 15 min of exposure to 1 microg/ml of the venom. Histological findings showed evidences of excessive inflammatory responses accompanied with signs of necrosis in the skin at the site of injection as well as structural damage in the nephrones. There was a significant rise in the serum enzymes. In addition, the number of the RBCs were reduced. The urine showed positive readings for proteinuria, blood and intact RBCs. The overall results suggest that the venom from H. lepturus primarily is a cytotoxic agent and has haemolytic, nephrotoxic and to some extent hepatotoxic activity.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo studies on some toxic effects of the venom from Hemiscorpious lepturus scorpion. 1677 63

Clinical manifestations of liver involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) are uncommon. Rare cases of MM present as acute liver disease. We report a case of a 55-year-old woman with MM who presented with painless jaundice, mild pruritus, and abnormal liver function tests resembling acute cholestatic hepatitis without the stigmata of chronic liver disease. Initial laboratories included elevated liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase 74 U/L and alanine aminotransferase 45 U/L) and an elevated white blood cell count of 19,600 cells/microL with 33% circulating plasma cells. Myeloma parameters demonstrated an immunoglobulin G lambda monoclonal protein with lambda light-chain Bence-Jones proteinuria. Bone marrow was hypercellular with 70% plasmacytosis. A liver biopsy revealed a diffuse portal and sinusoidal infiltration of plasma cells with lambda light-chain restriction. In this report, we review the literature of liver involvement in MM.
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PMID:Liver involvement in multiple myeloma. 1802 72

Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome affects 0.5-1/100,000 live births. We describe, to the best of our knowledge, the sixth patient with TAR to experience a successful pregnancy and the first such case complicated by severe pre-eclampsia. The diagnosis of pre-eclampsia was made at 33 weeks by blood pressure and proteinuria. A further decline in platelets suggested, but could not reliably confirm, severe pre-eclampsia until she experienced persistently elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels. Repeat cesarean delivery was performed at 33 4/7 weeks' gestation. Obstetrical conditions characterised by thrombocytopenia may present diagnostic challenges and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenic exacerbations in TAR syndrome.
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PMID:Maternal thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome complicated by severe pre-eclampsia. 1925 67

Scrub typhus is an endemic disease in eastern Taiwan. We conducted a study of scrub typhus cases among hospitalized pediatric patients. Twenty-eight pediatric cases were confirmed to be scrub typhus (either by immunofluorescence assay or polymerase chain reaction) from 2000 to 2005. The medical records of these patients were reviewed for demographics and clinical manifestations. The majority of the children (60.7%) diagnosed with scrub typhus were male. Approximately half the patients were < 5 years old and the mean age (SD) was 6.1 (3.66) years. Patients were more likely to live in rural rather than urban areas. The greatest number of cases was seen in the spring and summer. The primary clinical symptoms included fever (100%), cough (50%), eschar (50%), rash (35.7%), poor appetite (42.9%), lymphadenopathy (42.9%), headache (39.3%), and hepatomegaly (35.7%). AC-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated in 100%, an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was elevated in 100%, an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was elevated in 91.3%, hypoalbuminemia was found in 88.9% and proteinuria in 50%. The mean (SD) duration of antibiotics was 11.0 (2.68) days and the mean (SD) duration for fever resolution after treatment was 2.8 (2.51) days. Meningoencephalitis was noted in 6 patients. Our case series had no mortalities. These results suggest that a diagnosis of scrub typhus should be suspected in children with fever and laboratory evidence of liver dysfunction who live in rural eastern Taiwan.
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PMID:Scrub typhus in children in a teaching hospital in eastern Taiwan, 2000-2005. 1984 16

Toxicity in cattle by the shrub Nolletia gariepina was induced experimentally by intraruminal administration of 3 g/kg dried, milled plant material as a single dose. The animals had to be starved for 24 hours before dosing, as dosing on a full rumen did not induce any signs of toxicity during 5 days of observation and clinical pathology monitoring. Clinical signs were not specific and varied according to the duration (acute versus subacute) of the toxicological process. Clinical pathological parameters indicated renal and to a lesser extent hepatic damage, with raised serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Increased urinary sodium and potassium concentration and GGT activity, as well as proteinuria, were evident. Histological and electron microscopic examinations revealed acute renal tubular epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis, especially of the proximal convoluted tubules. Mild hepatocellular degeneration was also noticeable.
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PMID:The pathology of acute Nolletia gariepina poisoning of cattle. 2233 97


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