Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the initial 50 days following transplantation of a cadaver kidney into 8 patients, determinations of 7 individual protein clearances were performed twice a week. This, the first posttransplantation investigation of single protein clearances utilizing unconcentrated urine, was made possible by the highly sensitive electroimmunodiffusion method of LAURELL [24]. The following results were obtained: 1. Kidney implantation was immediately followed by glomerulo-tubular proteinuria. In patients exhibiting good transplant tolerance the tubular proteins disappeared from the urine by the 43rd day at the latest; on the other hand, excretion of the glomerular proteins transferrin and albumin continued. In patients without complications the proteinuria was already highly selective by the 7th day (70 degrees). 2. In 5 of 8 patients there was a change in the proteinuria pattern during the rejection crisis: glomerulo-tubular proteinuria occurred three times and glomerular proteinuria twice. In two of these cases there was a change in the selectivity. 3. Patients with good tolerance showed plasma prealbumin levels which increased as a function of the time lapse since transplantation. 4. The plasma concentration of retinol-binding protein did not vary following transplantation and remained at 16.8 +/- 2.8 mg% in patients with uneventful course and at 18.5 +/- 4.9 mg% in patients with transplant rejection reactions, both values being markedly above the norm (4.7 +/- 1.1 mg%, [1 SD]).
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PMID:[Proteinuria and kidney transplantation. A quantitative immunochemical study of 7 protein clearances during the first 50 days following implantation of cadaver kidney]. 33 96

In freshly collected urine from a patient with glomerulotubular proteinuria there were two bands which contained retinol-binding proteins. The cathodal band showed fluorescence in the ultraviolet. After extraction with organic solvents only the anodal non-fluorescent band remained. After addition of an excess retinol only one band remained which by mobility corresponded to the cathodal band. The anodal of the two bands was therefore probably the apo form and the cathodal the holo form of the same retinol-binding protein. Their proportions, determined by densitometric scanning were approximately 4/1 (anodal/cathodal band). More than 85% of the retinol-binding protein in the urine bound to prealbumin-Sephrose. The apo retinol-binding protein from urine had the same electrophoretic mobility on agarose gel el-ctrophoresis and the same pattern on isoelectric focusing as an retinol-binding protein prepared from serum. The carboxy-terminal amino acid sequence of the retinol-binding protein from freshly collected urine that bound to prealbumin-Sepharose, was -Arg-Leu. The amino-terminal sequence was Glu-Arg-Asp-Cys-Arg-Val-Ser-X-Phe-Arg-Val-Lys-Glu-Asn-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ala-Arg-Phe-X-Gly-Thr-Trp-Tyr-. This sequence and the amino acid composition are compatible with the view that the retinol-binding protein in urine is the same as in plasma.
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PMID:Retinol-binding protein from human urine and its interaction with retinol and prealbumin. 57 35

In order to evaluate the effect of measles on proteins carrying vitamin A, we have examined 58 children with measles (24 have been seen again 2 weeks later) and 52 healthy controls of similar age and nutritional status. During the course of fever we have observed a high urinary excretion of urea and creatinine with proteinuria while the hydroxyproline index is significantly lower than in the controls. Irrespective of the nutritional status the plasma levels of albumin, prealbumin and R.B.P. are consistantly low. Two weeks later, while the albumin level has decreased, the other parameters are aiming towards normal values. The higher levels of prealbumin and R.B.P. suggest a reactivation of the hepatic protein synthesis. The urinary excretion of R.B.P. has not changed significantly during measles. We have observed rather high urinary losses of R.B.P. in the controls. The low levels of plasma prealbumin possibly do not allow the complete binding of the R.B.P.
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PMID:[Variations of various plasma (albumin, prealbumin, retinol binding protein), and urinary parameters during measles in Senegalese children]. 57 74

Total serum thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine index (FTI), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) binding capacity, serum albumin, alpha-globulins and urinary protein excretion were measured in 50 patients with chronic renal failure, but without nephrotic syndrome. 25 patients were undergoing chronic hemodialysis. T4 was within the normal range in most patients. There was a tendency to lower T4 values as compared to an age and sex-matched control group, but this did not reach statistical significance. TBG was normal in most patients. 4 patients showed elevated TBG concomitant with elevation of other alpha-globulins. Serum albumin was significantly decreased. No correlation existed between daily protein excretion and TBG or alpha-globulins, but the correlation between serum albumin and proteinuria was highly significant. T4 and proteinuria correlated with borderline significance. A highly significant correlation between T4 and TBG-albumin values was found. No correlation existed between FTI and TBG-albumin levels. The data suggest that T4 and TBG are normal in most patients with renal failure, even in the presence of significant proteinuria. Low T4 values, when found in renal insufficiency, may be secondary to low serum albumin and possibly prealbumin.
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PMID:Serum thyroxine and thyroxine-binding proteins in chronic renal failure without nephrosis. 80 56

A clinicopathological study was made on 65 patients from a small area of Nagano Prefecture, Japan, with hereditary generalized amyloidosis with polyneuropathy to clarify the clinical variety of the disease. Forty-five patients from Ogawa village showed similar clinical features. The age of onset ranged widely from 16 to 62 years. The main neurological manifestations were polyneuropathy starting in the legs and autonomic dysfunction. Lower cranial nerves were also affected in the advanced stages. Severe cardiac and renal involvement was uncommon. All these clinical features are consistent with type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). The remaining 20 patients from five unrelated kinships showed unique clinical pictures. Two families from Ogawa village had type I FAP, but 4 out of the 5 affected patients showed marked nephropathy with heavy proteinuria from an early stage. Of the three other families, one, with 10 patients, was notable for the involvement of the central nervous system. Most of the patients showed cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal tract signs in addition to a sensorimotor and autonomic peripheral neuropathy. Another family had 2 siblings who had severe amyloid heart disease from the onset and developed polyneuropathy with autonomic features at an advanced stage. In the third family, onset occurred in the sixth decade in all 3 patients and the course was mild in 2, although the clinical features were those of typical type I FAP. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the amyloid fibril proteins in the patients with all four unusual clinical phenotypes were related to plasma prealbumin. The most common form of hereditary generalized amyloidosis in Japan is type I FAP, but the disease shows considerable variety in the age of onset and involves more systemic organs than previously recognized. The newly recognized clinical forms of hereditary generalized amyloidosis with severe amyloid heart disease or central nervous dysfunction indicate clinical heterogeneity of hereditary amyloidosis with polyneuropathy.
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PMID:Hereditary generalized amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Clinicopathological study of 65 Japanese patients. 303 28

Elevated RNase activity which occurs in serum and urine of CGL patients parallels the urinary protein excretion. Acid RNase and alkaline RNase activities in urine of CGL patients, as well as acid and alkaline RNase clearance values correlated with the urinary protein concentration. Mean urinary protein level in CGL patients was approximately twice as high as that in controls. The molecular mass of CGL urinary proteins ranged from 12,000 to 80,000 proving the LMWP type of proteinuria. No particular protein contributed to the elevation of LMWPs in CGL urine. Among numerous protein fractions, albumin, acid alpha 1 glycoprotein, prealbumin RNase and in a few cases LZM were observed. The results of this study suggest that the increase of RNase activity in serum and urine reflects a more general phenomenon of increase in excretion of the entire set of LMWPs.
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PMID:Proteinuria and excretion of ribonuclease in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia. 347 19

Following unilateral selective nephroangiography with diatrizoate, changes in urinary concentrations of prealbumin, albumin, IgG and alpha 2-macroglobulin were analysed in 8 dogs. All reacted with increased proteinuria. The median increase of urinary albumin concentration was 1,300 times (range 27-3 500). The proteinuria was caused mainly by increased glomerular permeability exhibiting some molecular size selectivity in filtration of the proteins measured. Light and electron microscopy did not reveal any glomerular on tubular abnormalities which could be attributed to effects of the angiography. It is suggested that the increased glomerular permeability to proteins might be an effect of disturbance of the electrical hindrance in the glomerular capillary wall.
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PMID:Proteinuria following nephroangiography. IX. Chemical and morphological analysis in dogs. 617 21

Fifty patients with stable slight and moderate uncomplicated essential hypertension, treated by ramipril, atenolol, or isradipine, were examined. Total protein and urinary excretion of individual proteins were studied before and after treatment. Urinary concentrations of apolipoproteins A1 and B1, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, prealbumin, albumin, beta 2-microglobulin, transferrin, haptoglobin, IgG and IgA, and C3 and C4 complement components were measured. Index of proteinuria selectiveness was calculated for each portion of urine. All three drugs exerted a nephroprotective effect, atenolol being the most active of them. Apolipoproteins, IgG, and complement components were the most valuable for diagnosis. Their excretion correlated with the severity of arterial hypertension and efficiency of treatment. Use of protein markers helps reliably assess the renal function and monitor the treatment efficiency.
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PMID:[Protein markers in evaluation of nephroprotective effects of antihypertensive drugs in patients with arterial hypertension]. 1098 85

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are effective in controlling blood pressure and have been shown to reduce proteinuria with fewer adverse effects than angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. In the present prospective study, we evaluated the action of irbesartan, an ARB with a long half life, on proteinuria, peritoneal protein losses, and peritoneal transport in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). We enrolled 15 stable patients (11 with diuresis of more than 500 mL/day; 40% women; 40% with diabetes) into the study. Mean age of the patients was 65 +/- 15 years, and mean time on PD was 33 +/- 21 months. The study was performed in two stages. In stage I, patients received no irbesartan. In stage II, patients received 30 days of treatment with irbesartan (145 +/- 72 mg/day). After treatment with irbesartan, and no changes in blood pressure level as compared with baseline, we observed a reduction in proteinuria (r = 0.690, p < 0.05), decreased peritoneal protein losses at 4 hours' and 24 hours' dwell time (r = 0.910 and r = 0.930, p < 0.001), decreased peritoneal Kt/V(r = 0.586, p < 0.05), and increased peritoneal creatinine clearance (r = 0.943, p < 0.001). Levels of serum albumin (r = 0.630, p < 0.05), prealbumin (r = 0.810, p < 0.001), and transferrin (r = 0.551, p < 0.05) increased after treatment with irbesartan. We conclude that treatment with irbesartan in patients with CRF undergoing PD modifies peritoneal transport and reduces peritoneal and urinary protein loss. This effect probably has a positive impact on nutritional parameters. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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PMID:Effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker (irbesartan) on peritoneal membrane functions. 1538 90

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequently associated with ascites, but rarely without proteinuria. We report a 10-year-old girl with distended, non-tender abdomen with shifting dullness and no pitting edema in the lower legs before admission. Facial rash had appeared 1-2 weeks before admission and became more prominent 3 days prior to admission. Hypoalbuminemia with hypertriglycemia (but no proteinuria or diarrhea) was noticed. The antinuclear antibody titer was 1:2560 (speckle type) and the anti-double-stranded DNA was 1:160. Abdominal echo revealed no cirrhosis change or venous obstruction. Chest X-ray and electrocardiogram revealed no cardiomegaly or pericardial effusion. The serum prealbumin was low on admission day 5, but the liver function tests were within normal range. We deduced that the hypoalbuminemia in SLE without nephritis may be secondary to mesenteric vascular leakage. SLE may present with initial manifestation of painless massive ascites. Careful utilization of history taking, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, cardiac and abdominal echo, urinary analysis and serum prealbumin is helpful in decision-making while assessing such patients.
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PMID:Painless massive ascites and hypoalbuminemia as the major manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. 1644 Jan 28


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