Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new highly active atrial natriuretic peptide (haANP), synthesized by a solid phase technique, was given by intravenous infusion to 20 patients with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and the curative result of haANP was observed. Compared with basal values, supine systolic and diastolic BP was lowered significantly (P < 0.01), which may be related to the specific receptor of hANP and inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The haANP was found to possess significant effects of antispasm, detumescence and reducing proteinuria, probably by repairing mildly injured glomerulae, strong effects of diuresis and improving heart function with no side effects. Auto-antibody of hANP was found in patients with severe PIH, which affected the function of target cells of highly concentrated endogenous hANP. This auto-antibody might be one of the causes for PIH.
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PMID:Curative effects of highly active atrial natriuretic peptide on severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. 129 57

1. Disturbances of sodium and water homoeostasis may contribute to the close association between diabetes, hypertension and proteinuria. We therefore studied the patterns of two natriuretic hormones, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and urinary dopamine, in 165 Chinese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus controlled by diet or oral hypoglycaemic agents on two occasions over a 6-week period. Patients were divided into three groups based on the mean value of two 24h urinary albumin excretion measurements. In group 1, 88 patients had normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion < or = 30 mg/day), in group 2, 48 patients had microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion between 30 and 300 mg/day), and in group 3, 29 patients had macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion > or = 300 mg/day). 2. The supine systolic blood pressure (mean +/- SD) was higher in patients with abnormal albuminuria (group 1: 140.9 +/- 27.4 mmHg; group 2: 158.1 +/- 26.4 mmHg; group 3: 166.7 +/- 23.9 mmHg; F = 13.1, P < 0.001, analysis of variance). Urinary sodium output was similar in these three groups of patients. The geometric means (anti-logarithm of 95% confidence interval logarithm) of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations increased with increasing proteinuria [group 1: 33.3 (29.9-37.1) pg/ml; group 2: 39.1 (34.2-44.6) pg/ml; group 3: 50 (38.6-54.7) pg/ml; F = 4.24, P < 0.01; analysis of variance], whereas those of urinary dopamine output were related inversely to proteinuria [group 1: 1291.7 (1167.2-1437.0) nmol/day; group 2: 1142.3 (975.9-1337.2) nmol/day; group 3: 982.7 (775.7-1245) nmol/day; F = 3.10, P < 0.05, analysis of variance].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic peptide and urinary dopamine output in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 132 42

In this paper, patients with severe pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) were treated with a highly active atrial natriuretic peptide (haANP). The results indicated that the effect of haANP in decreasing blood pressure (BP), clearing proteinuria and detumescence was marked. Serum hSOD-1 concentrations after haANP infusion decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). This may be related to the amelioration of the disease. Serum hSOD-1 concentrations in normal pregnancy and mild, moderate PIH were higher than in the non-pregnant. Serum hSOD-1 concentration in severe PIH was highest. These findings suggested the presence of a defence mechanism in the body against oxidative damage on tissues. The pathogenesis of PIH may be associated with the defence effect of the hSOD-1, and defective free radicals. The initial results suggest that ANP may be related to hSOD-1 in normal pregnancy as well as in PIH.
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PMID:[Effect of highly active atrial natriuretic peptide and changes of superoxide dismutase level in pregnancy induced hypertension]. 138 69

To test the effect of converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) on diabetes, with or without renal insufficiency, we studied streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, with or without reduced renal mass, which were treated with insulin in sufficient amounts to maintain glucose values in the mild to moderately hyperglycemic range. We found that diabetes increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (inulin clearance, 2.3 +/- 0.5 ml/min vs 1.9 +/- 0.1 ml/min; p < 0.05) and blood pressure (137 +/- 15 mm Hg vs 116 +/- 6 mm Hg; p < 0.05) but did not increase plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) values, when compared with control rats (72 +/- 38 vs 68 +/- 24 pg/ml). CEI decreased GFR and blood pressure to control values. In rats with diabetes and concomitantly reduced renal mass, hypertension, elevated ANP values, proteinuria, and glomerulosclerosis were prominent features. CEI was associated with reduced blood pressure (172 +/- 17 mm Hg vs 138 +/- 15 mm Hg; p < 0.05), without a concomitant decrease in GFR (1.1 +/- 0.1 ml/min vs 1.1 +/- 0.1 ml/min). Further, CEI reduced the elevated ANP values (140 +/- 34 pg/ml vs 66 +/- 19 pg/ml; p < 0.05) to those of control rats. CEI reduced proteinuria by 50% and ameliorated the histopathologic changes. In separate experiments, rats with 5/6th nephrectomy and hypertension but without diabetes were also found to have elevated ANP levels that decreased to control values with CEI. The data speak for a renal protective effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition in this model but do not support a specific role for ANP in the model of diabetes with concomitantly reduced renal mass.
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PMID:Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in diabetic rats with reduced renal function. 145 98

Since intravascular volume contraction is regarded as an important pathological feature in preeclampsia, it has been proposed that plasma volume expansion could be a therapeutic manoeuver that interrupts the pathogenetic chain of hypovolemia inducing increased vascular resistance. Furthermore, tissue perfusion should be improved and, if albumin is used as plasma expander agent, interstitial edema should also be reduced. We report the results observed in an open pilot study in ten preeclamptic patients treated with daily albumin infusions (0.4 to 1 g/kg) from 7 to 36 days. No acute effects were shown on blood pressure, and the need for antihypertensive therapies did not decrease in the following days. Serial evaluation after at least five or ten days of repeated albumin infusions did not show stable changes in electrolytes excretion, renal clearances, serum protein concentration and hematocrit value, nor in aldosterone, renin and atrial natriuretic peptide basal levels, while proteinuria tended to increase. Uteroplacental and fetoplacental blood flow acutely ameliorated in 3 cases only after albumin 1 g/Kg, but reached basal values again on the next day. The clinical implications are that daily albumin infusions with this schedule dosage do not lower blood pressure and that they are unable to induce stable changes in renal function, uteroplacental and fetoplacental resistance. No maternal complications were observed during the conservative management, but fetal mortality was high (6/10). Given the uncontrolled study, we cannot know whether similar results had been achieved by conventional therapy only.
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PMID:Repeated albumin infusions do not lower blood pressure in preeclampsia. 175 73

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is characterized by a relative decrease in plasma volume and renin and aldosterone concentrations as well as increased capillary permeability compared with normal pregnancy. As many of these features could be explained by the actions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), we examined the relationship between plasma volume and plasma ANP in women with PIH and in normal third trimester pregnant women, and whether ANP responses to alterations in posture were intact in women with PIH. Basal plasma ANP measured after 20 min lateral recumbency in women with PIH was 24.0 (13.9, 33.1) pmol/L (median [25th, 75th percentile]), which was significantly greater than in normal pregnant women (9.9 [6.3, 16.0]), (P less than .05). Plasma ANP did not differ between those with and without proteinuria in the PIH group. Plasma volume was decreased in women with PIH (20.1 [19.0, 23.2] mL/cm) v 23.5 [21.4, 25.3], P less than .05). Plasma renin concentration but not plasma aldosterone concentration was also decreased significantly in women with PIH compared with normal pregnant women (P less than .001) and both were correlated negatively with plasma ANP. Following prolonged lateral recumbency, plasma ANP rose to 26.9 [19.1, 44.1] pmol/L in women with PIH (P less than .05), which was still significantly greater than in normal pregnant women (15.5 [6.7, 21.9] pmol/L) (P less than .05). In a subgroup of these subjects, 30 min head-up tilt decreased plasma ANP by 5.2 [0.9, 22.3] pmol/L in women with PIH and by 6.1 [2.2, 10.3] pmol/L in normal pregnant women, a nonsignificant difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma volume in pregnancy-induced hypertension. 183 91

1. To examine whether or not atrial natriuretic peptide-induced proteinuria simply results from increases in urine flow or glomerular filtration rate, we infused dopamine (1 microgram min-1 kg-1) and alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (0.025 microgram min-1 kg-1) into nine patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and nine essential hypertensive patients without renal damage, and compared the effects of the two agents on renal function and urinary protein excretion. 2. In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, dopamine infusion significantly increased urinary sodium excretion (+59%), renal blood flow (+20%) and creatinine clearance (+14%). However, urinary protein excretion was not changed. Addition of atrial natriuretic peptide to the dopamine infusion further increased urinary sodium excretion and maintained creatinine clearance at the same level. In contrast to the infusion of dopamine alone, atrial natriuretic peptide markedly increased urinary protein excretion (77 versus 229 mg min-1 m2, P less than 0.02). Furthermore, the addition of atrial natriuretic peptide elevated the urinary protein/creatinine ratio (1.55 versus 5.35, P less than 0.05), while dopamine alone did not (1.55 versus 1.45, not significant). 3. In essential hypertensive patients, dopamine and dopamine plus ANP showed renal effects similar to those of chronic glomerulonephritis; however, the urinary excretion of protein was not changed significantly. 4. These results suggest that atrial natriuretic peptide may increase urinary protein excretion mainly by increasing the permeability of the damaged glomeruli to protein rather than by simply increasing urine flow or glomerular filtration. Possible mechanisms underlying the proteinuria-increasing effects of atrial natriuretic peptide are discussed.
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PMID:Differential effects of atrial natriuretic peptide and dopamine on urinary protein excretion in chronic glomerulonephritis. 184 64

The effects of a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) on renal protein, electrolyte, and fluid excretion as well as inulin and lithium clearances in rats were investigated under basal conditions, after iso-oncotic blood volume expansion with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and during infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). All treated rats developed severe proteinuria 7-28 days after injection. On day 17, the protein excretion of the PAN group was 1,050 +/- (SE) 118 micrograms/(min x kg body weight) compared with 42.3 +/- 3.9 micrograms/(min x kg body weight) in the control group. Hypoproteinemia, edema or ascites were not observed. The renal protein excretion increased dramatically after BSA infusion and even more during ANP infusion in the PAN group. The PAN-treated animals lost about 62% of the infused BSA during the time of the experiment. No significant changes in protein excretion were observed in the controls. Both groups had similar basal excretions of urine volume, sodium, chloride, and potassium and responded to the BSA and PAN infusions with comparable increases in these parameters. The glomerular filtration rate was slightly, but not significantly higher in the PAN group during the control periods. Increases after BSA and ANP occurred in both groups, reaching significance only in the control group. Proximal tubular function was slightly impaired in PAN-treated rats as judged from a lower increase of the fractional excretion of lithium after BSA. Mean arterial blood pressure was higher in the PAN group (136.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 127.0 +/- 2.2 mm Hg) and fell in both groups to a comparable degree after BSA infusion. A further fall in blood pressure occurred after ANP infusion. Plasma ANP immunoreactivity was not different between the groups and increased after BSA infusion. Our data demonstrate that severe glomerular lesion as indicated by proteinuria can be observed after PAN administration without impairment of distal tubular function as judged from sodium and fluid excretion, and therefore support the view that the sodium retention observed in nephrotic syndrome is due to a separate intrarenal defect rather than a consequence of protein loss.
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PMID:Severe proteinuria without impairment of sodium and volume excretion after puromycin aminonucleoside administration in rats. 252 52

1. The effects of synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) on urinary protein excretion were examined in nine healthy subjects and 20 patients with primary glomerular diseases who had proteinuria of 1.0 g or more per day. Synthetic alpha-hANP was intravenously infused into supine subjects at a rate of 8.3 pmol min-1 kg-1 for 40 min. 2. Before alpha-hANP infusion, the plasma concentration of immunoreactive alpha-hANP was significantly higher in the patients with glomerulonephritis than in the normal subjects (44.3 +/- 8.7 vs 19.4 +/- 3.0 pmol/l, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.01) and it showed a positive correlation with mean arterial pressure (rs = 0.84, P less than 0.001) and a negative correlation with creatinine clearance (rs = -0.50, P less than 0.01). 3. During infusion of alpha-hANP, although the urinary excretion of protein did not change significantly in the normal subjects, it increased from 0.6 +/- 0.2 to 3.0 +/- 0.8 mg min-1 m-2 (P less than 0.001) in the patients with glomerulonephritis. The urinary protein/creatinine ratio did not change significantly in the former (from 0.18 +/- 0.05 to 0.22 +/- 0.06; NS), whereas it rose from 3.25 +/- 0.94 to 7.62 +/- 1.31 (P less than 0.001) in the latter. 4. The urinary excretions of albumin and of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta- and gamma-globulins, which were electrophoretically analysed, all increased in eight nephrotic patients during or immediately after infusion of alpha-hANP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide on proteinuria in patients with primary glomerular diseases. 253 80

Adriamycin (ADR) nephrosis and a model of unilateral ADR-induced proteinuria were produced in Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rats to investigate the mechanism of sodium retention by the nephrotic kidney. Plasma volume, as measured by the dilution principle using radioiodinated serum albumin, was significantly higher in nephrotic animals than in control ones (NS: 69.61 +/- 15.02: control: 47.05 +/- 5.32 ml/kg: P less than 0.01). Similarly plasma levels of immunoreactive ANP (iANP) were significantly higher in nephrotic animals compared to controls (NS 104.22 +/- 36.41: control 59.94 +/- 20.88 pg/ml; P less than 0.05). Using the unilateral model we found a markedly reduced diuretic and natriuretic response to the infusion of synthetic rat atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP 1-28) in proteinuric kidney but not in contralateral kidney, despite a comparable increase in glomerular filtration rate. To explain the blunted diuresis and natriuresis in the presence of normal glomerular response to ANP, we investigated the possibility of an abnormality at post-glomerular level by studying ANP receptor density and affinity of the inner stripe of outer medulla and the inner medulla in ADR-and vehicle-treated rats. The inner stripe of outer medulla and the inner medulla receptor density and affinity were not significantly different in ADR rats as compared to animals given the vehicle alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Blunted excretory response to atrial natriuretic peptide in experimental nephrosis. 255 49


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