Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six male Beagles were inoculated with Ehrlichia canis. Transient proteinuria was confirmed during the acute phase of infection by serial determination of urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. Peak urine protein loss, consisting principally of albumin, was observed 2.5 to 3.5 weeks after inoculation. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained before inoculation, during peak proteinuria, and 10 weeks after inoculation when proteinuria had resolved. Renal tissue was evaluated by use of light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopy to correlate specific glomerular lesions with development of proteinuria. Histologic examination revealed perivenular and interstitial infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells localized principally to the renal cortex. Glomerular lesions were minimal to absent. Immunofluorescent staining revealed moderate to marked deposition of anti-canine IgG and IgM in the glomerular tufts and mesangium. Depositions of anti-canine complement factor C3 were not observed. Immunofluorescent staining persisted 10 weeks after inoculation, despite resolution of proteinuria, and probably represented passive trapping of immunoglobulins. Ultrastructural examination revealed fusion of podocyte processes that coincided with development of proteinuria. Electron-dense deposits or changes in the basement membrane were not observed. Morphometric measurements of average podocyte process length and percentage of coverage of basement membrane by podocyte processes were used to quantify the degree of process fusion. Both measurements increased significantly (P < 0.05) during peak proteinuria, and returned to preinoculation values when proteinuria had resolved 10 weeks after E canis inoculation. These findings indicated possible minimal-change glomerulopathy, rather than immune-complex glomerulonephritis, during acute E canis infection and could explain transient proteinuria without histologic evidence of glomerular disease.
Am J Vet Res 1992 Dec
PMID:Investigation of glomerular lesions in dogs with acute experimentally induced Ehrlichia canis infection. 147 9

The hypothesis that converting enzyme inhibition and a protein-restricted diet could have additive antiproteinuric effects has been tested. A group of 17 patients with proteinuria in excess of 3 g/24 h per 1.73 m2 of body surface area were submitted to a 3-wk period of study, after a 4-wk wash-out period during which protein intake was 1.0 g/kg per day and in the absence of any medication. During the first and second weeks of the study, protein intake was lowered to 0.3 g/kg per day, and in the third week, it returned to 1.0 g/kg per day. Enalapril (20 mg daily) was administered during the second and third weeks of the study. Initially and at the end of each week thereafter, we determined blood pressure, GFR (inulin clearance), RPF (para-aminohippurate clearance), plasma sodium and potassium, PRA and aldosterone, and the 24-h urine excretion of sodium potassium, protein, and urea. The low protein intake during the first week induced a significant fall of proteinuria (P < 0.01), GFR (P < 0.01), and RPF (P < 0.01) in the absence of changes in filtration fraction. The addition of enalapril induced a further decrease of proteinuria (P < 0.01) and a fall in filtration fraction (P < 0.05), whereas plasma potassium, PRA, GFR, and RPF values increased (P < 0.01). The rise in protein intake during the last week of the study induced a significant rise in proteinuria, GFR, and RPF (P < 0.01), although the first of these parameters attained values significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those observed initially.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Am Soc Nephrol 1992 Dec
PMID:Additive antiproteinuric effect of converting enzyme inhibition and a low protein intake. 147 26

Associations between hypertension and cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus in Nigerians, were examined in a cross-sectional study. 20 hypertensive-diabetic patients, 16 hypertensive patients, 10 non-hypertensive diabetic patients and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, underwent M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography, and Bruce-protocol treadmill exercise performance. Left ventricular (LV) mass indices (+/- SD) were significantly higher in hypertensive patients (164 +/- 12gm-2), diabetic (158 +/- 17gm-2) and hypertensive diabetic patients (125 +/- 129gm-2) compared with normal controls (111 +/- 17gm-2) p < 0.01. However, the LV mass index in the hypertensive-diabetic patients was significantly less than in hypertensive (p < 0.05) or normotensive diabetic patients (p < 0.05). Systolic cardiac contractility measured as fractional fibre shortening, was preserved in the hypertensive patients (24 +/- 4%) compared with the healthy controls (23 +/- 4%), but was depressed in diabetic patients (19 +/- 3%) and to a greater extent in the hypertensive-diabetic patients (15 +/- 4% p < 0.01). Treadmill exercise tolerance time was reduced independently in hypertension (309 +/- 73 seconds) or diabetes (321 +/- 119 seconds), p < 0.05, but was further impaired in hypertensive-diabetic patients (289 +/- 110 seconds) p < 0.01 compared to the healthy controls (490 +/- 156 seconds). The patients with hypertension and diabetes had a greater degree of proteinuria (p < 0.001) and a higher frequency of retinopathy (p < 0.001), in comparison to those with hypertension or diabetes alone.
Diabet Med 1992 Dec
PMID:A cross-sectional study of echocardiographic indices, treadmill exercise capacity and microvascular complications in Nigerian patients with hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus. 147 33

Several groups have previously shown that the T-cell receptor (TCR) constant-beta (C beta) chain locus is associated with susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes, although other studies have failed to show this. We have extended these studies by investigating 125 individuals with Type 1 diabetes and failed to confirm the significantly increased frequency of the 10;9.2 kb TCR-C beta/Bgl-II genotype in our patient population. However, further analysis showed that the 10;9.2 kb TCR-C beta genotype was significantly increased in those patients with no microvascular complications after 20 years of diabetes compared to those patients with complications (proteinuria, overt neuropathy, and moderate or severe retinopathy) 69.2% vs 31.7%, respectively, p < 0.005 Pc = 0.025). Similar results were also found in a second group of 74 patients who were analysed in the same way. Hence, the failure of some investigators to confirm the association between TCR-C beta and Type I diabetes may be due to heterogeneity in the patient populations being studied.
Diabet Med 1992 Dec
PMID:T-cell receptor constant beta chain polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. 147 38

Post-prandial lipaemia was investigated in a group of nine subjects with nephrotic syndrome by following the concentrations of triglyceride and retinyl palmitate in the d < 1.006 g ml-1 fraction of plasma after a standard oral fat load containing vitamin A. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities were measured in post-heparin plasma. Subjects with other renal disease but insignificant proteinuria acted as controls. The time course of the lipaemic response was similar in both groups although individual patients demonstrated a prolonged lipaemia. Overall, there were no significant differences in the rise in triglyceride at 6 h (nephrotic--median 2.53 mmol l-1; range 0.87-4.76 vs. control 1.88; 0.38-4.12, P = 0.34), the peak concentration of retinyl palmitate (nephrotic 0.87 mg dl-1; 0.27-2.16 vs. control 0.65; 0.24-1.89, P = 0.97) or the areas under the curve from 0-24 h for triglyceride (nephrotic 10.5 mmol. h l-1; 2.9-43.6 vs. control 9.7; 4.3-27.0, P = 1.0) or retinyl palmitate (5.5 mg.h dl-1; 1.0-23.4 vs. 4.3; 1.5-12.4, P = 0.7). At baseline, the particles in the d < 1.006 g ml-1 fraction of plasma from nephrotic subjects had a higher free cholesterol:phospholipid ratio but this difference was no longer apparent 6 h after the test meal. There were no differences in total heparin-releasable lipase, lipoprotein lipase or hepatic triglyceride lipase activities between the two groups. These data suggest that impaired clearance of chylomicrons is not a major contributor to nephrotic hyperlipidaemia in man.
Eur J Clin Invest 1992 Dec
PMID:Post-prandial lipoprotein metabolism in nephrotic syndrome. 147 53

Preeclampsia has traditionally been viewed as one of several forms of hypertension complicating pregnancy. More recently, the multisystem nature of this unique gestational disorder has been emphasized. Pathophysiologic events, including abnormal placentation and heightened vascular reactivity, may occur weeks or months prior to clinical recognition of the disease. Although most frequently presenting as hypertension and proteinuria, hepatic (abdominal pain and elevation of transaminases) and hematologic (intravascular hemolysis and thrombocytopenia) involvement may be important features of the disease. Current theories suggest that multiorgan dysfunction may be caused by widespread vascular endothelial dysfunction, vasospasm, and variable activation of coagulation mechanisms. Pending delivery, which is the only definitive therapy for preeclampsia, maternal complications of intracerebral hemorrhage and eclampsia may be prevented with judicious use of antihypertensive medication (e.g., hydralazine) and magnesium sulfate, respectively. Finally, data from a number of small trials suggest that low-dose aspirin (60-100 mg/d) may reduce the incidence of preeclampsia in patients at high risk without adversely affecting the fetus or newborn; however, it is recommended that aspirin not be used as a routine prophylactic intervention until publication of results of several ongoing large multicenter trials, which will help to more fully clarify the benefits and risks of this approach.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1992 Dec
PMID:The syndrome of preeclampsia. 147 40

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with a 2-3 fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The poor relationship between this risk and either glycaemic control or diabetes duration suggests that some other aspect of the diabetic state, and not hyperglycaemia per se, mediates this risk. This other aspect of diabetes does not comprise alterations in recognized cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure or lipids, as the major component of the excess risk is in those diabetics with low levels of the other risk factors. It thus appears that there may be some factors that predispose both to diabetes and to cardiovascular disease. In insulin-dependent diabetics most of the excess risk of cardiovascular disease occurs in subjects with proteinuria, and microalbuminuria or proteinuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetics also substantially increases cardiovascular risk. Although changes in recognized risk factors in diabetics with nephropathy may partly explain these observations, we and others have shown that microalbuminuric non-diabetics also have a markedly increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and substantially increased cardiovascular mortality. The observations that in insulin-dependent diabetics nephropathy shows family clustering and that these patients have elevated sodium lithium counter-transport rate, a possible genetic marker for the vascular complications of hypertension, have led to the suggestion that microalbuminuria may be a marker of a genetic predisposition to vascular disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ann Med 1992 Dec
PMID:Microalbuminuria: a genetic link between diabetes and cardiovascular disease? 148 48

In an effort to establish a reliable programme for the clinical monitoring of renal involvement in patients with type-I diabetes mellitus, we quantified the urinary excretion of immunoglobulin G (IgG), transferrin (Tf), albumin (Alb), alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1MG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and total protein in 130 dipstick negative children and young adults with type-I diabetes. Eighty-five sex- and age-matched healthy persons served as a control group for the definition of the upper reference limits (95th centiles; micrograms min-1 1.73 m2): transferrin 1.4; albumin 16.6; total protein 27.1; NAG: 2.0 mU min-1 1.73 m2. Sex-related differences were detected for IgG (men: 3.8; women: 1.7) and alpha 1 MG (men: 6.0; women: 4.0 micrograms min-1 1.73 m2). The urinary excretion of IgG, Tf, alpha 1MG, NAG, and total protein was significantly higher in subjects with diabetes when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, 20 patients (15%) showed an elevated excretion of tubular markers (alpha 1MG and NAG), and 3 patients (2%) of at least two glomerular markers (Alb and/or Tf and/or IgG). Additionally, 18 individuals (14%) presented a mixed excretion pattern of both tubular and glomerular markers. These data suggest that the quantitation of both glomerular and tubular proteinuria provides a sensitive and cost-effective instrument for the non-invasive screening for renal involvement in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1992 Dec
PMID:Quantitative assessment of urinary protein and enzyme excretion--a diagnostic programme for the detection of renal involvement in type I diabetes mellitus. 148 17

Cotton wool balls have been used to aid the collection of urine from infants. Concentrations of two urinary proteins, albumin and retinol binding protein, decreased by 40 and 80% respectively within 15 minutes of contact with the cotton wool. Cotton wool balls should not be used when investigating proteinuria.
Arch Dis Child 1992 Dec
PMID:Recovery of protein from urine specimens collected in cotton wool. 148 30

We examined the relation between IgA hyperproduction and polymorphism of the immunoglobulin heavy chain switch (S) region in patients with IgA nephropathy. The frequency of the heterozygous phenotype of IgA2 switch region was significantly increased in these patients. The patients showed a significant increase in the amount of serum IgA, IgA bearing cells and levels of proteinuria. We also compared two reports on the S region in Europe, which showed different results, and found different frequencies in the phenotype of the S region. These findings suggest that IgAN patients in various countries show heterogeneity in the S region and that this polymorphism might be associated with IgA hyperproduction and the development of proteinuria in Japanese patients.
Nihon Rinsho 1992 Dec
PMID:[Polymorphism of immunoglobulin heavy chain switch region in IgA nephropathy]. 149 58


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