Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate whether perchloroethylene (PCE) can induce renal disturbances and to compare morphological alterations with functional data, two groups of 12 male and female Fischer-344 mature rats were treated daily with PCE (500 mg/kg body wt in corn oil, p.o.) for 4 weeks. Sex- and age-matched control groups received corn oil only. Weekly, the urinary excretion of albumin (Alb), alpha 2 mu-globulin (alpha 2 mu) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) was measured in 24-hr urine samples using immunoassays specific for rat proteins. N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity was measured by a colorimetric assay. Electrophoretic analysis of proteinuria included SDS-PAGE and isoelectric-focusing of Alb purified from serum and urine. Weekly histopathology comprised light and electron microscopy. In the male rat, a trend toward progressive albuminuria (up to 15 times the pair-fed controls) was observed, together with transient increases in alpha 2 mu and NAG; RBP showed a twofold increase at the end of treatment. Histopathology failed to demonstrate glomerular changes, whereas it displayed alpha 2 mu accumulation and mild lesions in the S2 segment of proximal tubules. Thus, in the male rat, the selective damage to S2 was associated with "glomerular" proteinuria, the alpha 2 mu cortical content being closely correlated with albuminuria (n = 9, r = 0.92, P < 0.001). In the female rat, only minor, although statistically significant (P < 0.05), increases were recorded for Alb, whereas urinary alpha 2 mu reached up to four times the control values. As a whole, these findings suggest that PCE, like other hydrocarbons, selectively affects the tubular segment S2 in the rat. A competition with alpha 2 mu for tubular uptake could explain enhanced albuminuria. Owing to the species specificity of alpha 2 mu, caution should be exercised in extrapolating these findings to man.
Environ Res 1992 Dec
PMID:Rat model of perchloroethylene-induced renal dysfunctions. 128 47

Safety assessment procedures still rely heavily if not exclusively on the results of tests carried out in laboratory animals, then extrapolated to man. There are few examples of environmental compounds examined extensively enough in both man and animals to permit a critical comparison of the accuracy of such risk assessment procedures. Chlordecone (Kepone) is a lipophilic, rodent liver carcinogen which now stands among the most extensively studied environmental agents in humans. More than five years of clinical investigations of workers heavily exposed to organochlorine pesticide have established the spectrum of human toxicity of Chlordecone, its dose-response relationships, tissue distribution, metabolic pathways, half-time for elimination, and the concentration at which its major toxic manifestations involving the central nervous system, the liver, and the testes are not observed (no observable effect level, NOEL). Taking advantage of this unique opportunity to proximately compare humans with experimental animals for a single compound administered at comparable doses, we find that none of the toxic effects produced in humans were unrepresented in animal testing. However, the animal testing produced numerous "false positive" results. Hence, accurately predicting the qualitative toxicity of chlordecone in man based on studies in rats would have been impossible. Indeed, proteinuria observed in rats fed small amounts of chlordecone for two years was chosen as a sensitive endpoint by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as the basis for establishing acceptable levels of human exposure. However, we never observed proteinuria even in humans whose dose of chlordecone was hundreds of times higher than that given to the rats. We conclude that greater emphasis should be placed on clinical investigation of humans exposed to environmental agents. A better understanding of the strength and also of the limitations of animal toxicity testing will improve the reliability of extrapolating results of animal testing to human exposure conditions.
Toxicol Lett 1992 Dec
PMID:The clinical toxicology of chlordecone as an example of toxicological risk assessment for man. 128 40

Glomerular permselectivity and dynamics were evaluated serially in 14 nephrotic patients with membranous glomerulopathy (MG). Analysis of transglomerular dextran sieving, before and again after proteinuria remitted, revealed persistent depression by 60-80% of glomerular pore density and the two-kidney ultrafiltration coefficient, Kf. The glomerular filtration rate was lowered by half on each occasion. Morphometric examination of glomeruli in a second group of 16 nephrotic patients with MG revealed a low prevalence of glomerulosclerosis (5 +/- 3%) and a twofold increase in filtration surface due to marked glomerular hypertrophy. Presumably, widening by threefold of the basement membrane and/or epithelial podocytes accounted for the computed reduction in ultrafiltration capacity. There was no correlation between glomerular structure and the subsequent course of MG over the ensuing 24-96 mo. Rather, a twofold expansion of the interstitial compartment predicted those who went on to exhibit progressive renal insufficiency. We conclude that increasing resistance to water flow by walls of patent and perfused glomerular capillaries is the proximate cause of progressive renal insufficiency in MG.
Am J Physiol 1992 Dec
PMID:Extent and course of glomerular injury in human membranous glomerulopathy. 128 82

CD45RA+ (2H4+) and CD45RA-(CD29, 4B4+) antigenic expressions, recognized as a suppressor inducer and a helper inducer, respectively, on CD4+ and T alpha 4+ cells (Fc alpha receptor bearing CD4 T cells) were measured by three color flow cytometry in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The 4B4+ subsets of CD4 and T alpha 4 T cells were increased significantly in the patient group compared with the control group. The level of the 2H4+ subset did not differ between the two groups. No significant correlation was observed between the increase in the 4B4+ subset and disease severity, as estimated by measuring the proteinuria, levels of serum creatinine and immunoglobulins (Igs) or renal tissue damage. It was concluded that 4B4+ CD4+ and 4B4+ T alpha 4+ subsets might be involved in the mechanism of immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
Tokai J Exp Clin Med 1992 Dec
PMID:CD4 subsets in IgA nephropathy. 128 8

The calcium antagonist verapamil has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing hypertension in patients in whom sodium intake was not restricted. The present study evaluated the effect of verapamil in reducing hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure on low or high sodium diets. Also, the present study evaluated the effect of verapamil on proteinuria in chronic renal failure patients who were administered a normal and low protein diet. The results reveal that verapamil-SR 240 mg daily is effective in reducing hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure and the effect of verapamil is equal in patients on a high or low sodium intake. In addition, verapamil-SR 240 mg daily is effective in maintaining reduced proteinuria in chronic renal failure patients on low protein diet and may prevent proteinuria in such patients on a normal protein diet. Therefore, verapamil-SR 240 mg daily appears to be an excellent choice for the treatment of hypertensive chronic renal failure patients.
J Hum Hypertens 1992 Dec
PMID:The antihypertensive effect of verapamil in patients with chronic renal failure. 128 13

ACE inhibitors which till recently were used only in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases are becoming a perspective group of drugs also in the treatment of chronic nephropathies. It was revealed that they are effective in particular in the treatment of proteinuria of different etiology and have also a marked renoprotective effect and are therefore recommended to slow down the progression of renal failure. They reduce intraglomerular hypertension, increase glomerular filtration and the renal blood flow, and it is assumed that they can retard the progression of chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy. It may be excepted that their therapeutic application will in the near future be extended also to clinical nephrology.
Cesk Pediatr 1992 Dec
PMID:[ACE inhibitors--a prospective new group of drugs for the treatment of kidney diseases]. 129 14

Cushing's syndrome with pregnancy is rare, and only about 60 cases have been reported. In the recent 4 years, 3 cases were diagnosed in Chang Gang Memorial Hospital. They presented with serious maternal complications early in the second month of pregnancy, including hypertension, proteinuria and lower leg edema. Unfortunately it was not diagnosed until the 20th week of pregnancy. They had the same hormone profile as other Cushing's syndrome patients who were not pregnant. Under the supportive treatment they had outcomes of two premature deliveries and one still birth. Just after delivery all patients received left adrenalectomy and pathology showed adenoma. All of them had good recovery courses. According to the literature, early treatment (surgical operation, medical treatment, or irradiation) could decrease maternal morbidity and fetal loss rate.
Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1992 Dec
PMID:[Cushing's syndrome with pregnancy. Report of three cases]. 129 59

A new highly active atrial natriuretic peptide (haANP), synthesized by a solid phase technique, was given by intravenous infusion to 20 patients with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and the curative result of haANP was observed. Compared with basal values, supine systolic and diastolic BP was lowered significantly (P < 0.01), which may be related to the specific receptor of hANP and inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The haANP was found to possess significant effects of antispasm, detumescence and reducing proteinuria, probably by repairing mildly injured glomerulae, strong effects of diuresis and improving heart function with no side effects. Auto-antibody of hANP was found in patients with severe PIH, which affected the function of target cells of highly concentrated endogenous hANP. This auto-antibody might be one of the causes for PIH.
Chin Med J (Engl) 1992 Dec
PMID:Curative effects of highly active atrial natriuretic peptide on severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. 129 57

An imported case of Schistosoma haematobium infection presenting with haematuria and proteinuria is described. This would constitute a first case of urinary schistosomiasis in Malaysia. The patient failed to respond to multiple antibiotic treatment and was successfully treated with praziquantel.
Med J Malaysia 1992 Dec
PMID:Schistosoma haematobium infection in Malaysia--a case report. 130 89

Osteonecrosis is related to the use of steroids in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); its association with the use of 'pulses' of methylprednisolone (PMP) is not clear at present. In a retrospective analysis of 190 patients with SLE we found that 19% of 36 patients treated with PMP had osteonecrosis compared with 6% of 154 patients without that treatment (P < 0.04). Risk factors associated with osteonecrosis were PMP treatment, cushingoid appearance, steroid doses > or = 40 mg/day during the first month of treatment, a ratio of steroid dose in grams/year > or = 12, hematuria and proteinuria. In a stepwise regression model, when cushingoid appearance was excluded, PMP became the only significant factor (P = 0.045). We conclude that osteonecrosis can be considered a long-term complication of PMP treatment in SLE patients.
Lupus 1992 Dec
PMID:High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy associated with osteonecrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 130 9


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