Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

These studies examine the effect of cholesterol feeding in normal rats and in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Four groups were studied: normal rats fed either a standard rat chow or a standard rat chow supplemented with cholesterol and diabetic rats fed standard chow or standard chow plus cholesterol. Diabetic rats fed a standard diet excreted more creatinine and urea in the urine, had higher levels of blood urea nitrogen, and lower serum albumin levels than rats fed standard diet plus cholesterol. Blood glucose levels were similar in the two groups; however, diabetic rats given cholesterol had a greater body weight at the end of the study than diabetic rats eating standard chow. Urine volumes and sodium and potassium excretion in the urine were greater in diabetic rats fed a standard diet than in those fed a high cholesterol diet. Diabetic rats fed a standard diet had distinctive renal lesions characterized by swelling of tubular epithelial cells with clearing of cytoplasm. The nephron segments involved by this striking vacuolar change were the distal convoluted tubule and the thick limbs of Henle's loop. These lesions were identical to those described by Armanni-Ebstein in severely glycosuric patients. These lesions were not observed in any of the animals of the other three groups (including diabetic rats fed a high cholesterol diet). Glomeruli were normal in animals of all groups. Thus, cholesterol administration prevents the development of the Armanni-Ebstein lesions in diabetic rats despite persistent hyperglycemia. The mechanism by which cholesterol administration prevents the accumulation of glycogen in distal tubule cells has not been elucidated. It is suggested that glycogen accumulation in distal tubular segments may explain the greater urine volumes, natriuresis, kaliuresis, and proteinuria observed in diabetic animals fed a standard diet when compared with rats fed the same diet plus cholesterol.
 ...
PMID:A high cholesterol diet ameliorates renal tubular lesions in diabetic rats. 235 86

A series of blood and urine samples was collected from each of eight normal foals between birth and eight weeks. Blood chemistry relating to renal function was evaluated as well as physical and chemical characteristics of urine. During the first 4d of life it was impractical to suggest meaningful normal values due to wide variation among foals and with time. Serum urea and plasma creatinine fell markedly to levels less than those previously reported for normal adult horses, while urine, mildly hypersthenuric at birth, rapidly became hyposthenuric. There was also a marked proteinuria during the first 48h. After 4d clinicopathological values stabilised. Urea and creatinine remained at subadult levels and hyposthenuria was maintained. While there was some variation with time, generally the urinary activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) was greater in foals than in adults; plasma potassium, the creatinine clearance ratio of potassium (% Cr K), serum inorganic phosphate and the creatinine clearance ratio of phosphate (% Cr PO4) were greater than in adults while plasma chloride and the creatinine clearance ratio of chloride (% Cr Cl) were lower in foals than in adults. Urinary pH was acidic and epithelial cells and calcium oxalate crystals more prevalent in the urine of foals than in that of adults. The information presented here will be useful in the diagnosis and management of renal disease and azotaemia in foals.
 ...
PMID:Indices of renal function: values in eight normal foals from birth to 56 days. 239 72

We compared the effect of nicardipine, a dihydropiridine derivative calcium entry blocker (CEB), with that of captopril (CAP), a converting-enzyme inhibitor (CEI), and that of the two drugs combined, on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and renal function in 12 hypertensive type II diabetic outpatients with nephropathy (persistent proteinuria greater than 500 mg/24 h) according to a 2 x 2 factorial design. For 4-week treatments, the patients received nicardipine (NIC) 20 mg t.i.d., CAP 50 mg b.i.d., NIC plus CAP, and matched placebo. Each active treatment significantly reduced BP, with an additive effect of NIC and CAP combined versus either drug alone. HR did not change. Effective renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GRF) were unmodified, but renal vascular resistances (RVRs) were significantly reduced by the three active treatments. Filtration fraction (FF) did not change with NIC or with NIC plus CAP and was significantly reduced with CAP. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was significantly reduced by each active treatment to a similar extent. Plasma renin activity (PRA) increased significantly with NIC plus CAP only and did not change when the drugs were administered singly. Plasma aldosterone, glucose, potassium, fructosamine, and urinary sodium and volume did not change during the trial. We conclude that the two drugs singly and combined are useful for treatment of hypertensive non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) patients with persistent proteinuria.
 ...
PMID:Hemodynamic, renal, and humoral effects of the calcium entry blocker nicardipine and converting enzyme inhibitor captopril in hypertensive type II diabetic patients with nephropathy. 248 72

Renal functions were examined in 102 patients with yusho in 1988, Frequencies of proteinuria, microhematuria and history of renal diseases were not different from 20 age-matched controls. The means of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and serum uric acid levels of yusho patients did not differ from those of controls. The levels of serum beta 2-microglobulin and its urinary excretion showed no difference between two groups. Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphorus revealed no abnormality in all patients except for one who had hypophosphatemia. Urinary excretions of phosphorus, however, were significantly higher in yusho patients than in controls. Serum PCB levels, which were still higher in yusho patients, did not correlate with urinary excretions of phosphorus. The mechanism and the clinical significance of this phenomenon remain to be elucidated.
 ...
PMID:[Renal function in patients with yusho]. 250 Dec

The effects of a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) on renal protein, electrolyte, and fluid excretion as well as inulin and lithium clearances in rats were investigated under basal conditions, after iso-oncotic blood volume expansion with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and during infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). All treated rats developed severe proteinuria 7-28 days after injection. On day 17, the protein excretion of the PAN group was 1,050 +/- (SE) 118 micrograms/(min x kg body weight) compared with 42.3 +/- 3.9 micrograms/(min x kg body weight) in the control group. Hypoproteinemia, edema or ascites were not observed. The renal protein excretion increased dramatically after BSA infusion and even more during ANP infusion in the PAN group. The PAN-treated animals lost about 62% of the infused BSA during the time of the experiment. No significant changes in protein excretion were observed in the controls. Both groups had similar basal excretions of urine volume, sodium, chloride, and potassium and responded to the BSA and PAN infusions with comparable increases in these parameters. The glomerular filtration rate was slightly, but not significantly higher in the PAN group during the control periods. Increases after BSA and ANP occurred in both groups, reaching significance only in the control group. Proximal tubular function was slightly impaired in PAN-treated rats as judged from a lower increase of the fractional excretion of lithium after BSA. Mean arterial blood pressure was higher in the PAN group (136.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 127.0 +/- 2.2 mm Hg) and fell in both groups to a comparable degree after BSA infusion. A further fall in blood pressure occurred after ANP infusion. Plasma ANP immunoreactivity was not different between the groups and increased after BSA infusion. Our data demonstrate that severe glomerular lesion as indicated by proteinuria can be observed after PAN administration without impairment of distal tubular function as judged from sodium and fluid excretion, and therefore support the view that the sodium retention observed in nephrotic syndrome is due to a separate intrarenal defect rather than a consequence of protein loss.
 ...
PMID:Severe proteinuria without impairment of sodium and volume excretion after puromycin aminonucleoside administration in rats. 252 52

In order to help clarify the effects of hyperthyroidism on renal function and electrolyte metabolism, we measured the venous plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, urate, hydrogen ion and electrolytes, and the urinary concentrations of total protein, albumin, retinol-binding protein, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity, and creatinine in patients when hyperthyroid and again after they had been euthyroid for at least 4 months. Significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in the mean plasma concentrations of urate and chloride and significant increases in creatinine, total CO2 and hydrogen ion mean concentrations were observed when the patients became euthyroid. The mean concentrations of sodium, potassium and urea did not change significantly. The values of the ratios total protein/creatinine, albumin/creatinine, N-acetylglucosaminidase/creatinine and retinol-binding protein/creatinine were all significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated in random urine specimens obtained from hyperthyroid patients as compared to the values when euthyroid. Mild proteinuria occurs in most thyrotoxic patients which does not appear to be due predominantly to either glomerular or tubular renal injury. The changes in plasma analytes that were observed may be attributed to increases in glomerular filtration rate and tissue nucleic acid turnover and a tendency to respiratory alkalosis in the hyperthyroid patients.
 ...
PMID:Renal function and electrolyte levels in hyperthyroidism: urinary protein excretion and the plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, uric acid, hydrogen ion and electrolytes. 259 Oct 58

A 6-year-old girl with cerebral palsy developed conscious disturbance and generalized convulsion after one-hour hot herb drug bath. Physical examination on admission revealed rectal temperature 41 degrees C, hot skin, respiration 46/min, regular heart beat 98/min, BP 130/60 mmHg, Glascow coma scale 4 (E2M1V1), soft and flat abdomen, no hepatosplenomegaly, no skin rash, no focal neurological sign, increased generalized muscle ton. Laboratory data showed CBC: WBC 20400 cumm (Neutrophils 31%, Lymphocytes 69%), Hb 11.6gm%, ESR 11 mm/hr, arterial blood gas: PH 7.077, PO2 43mmHg, PCO2 57.1mmHg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L, BE-11.5mEq/L, serum sodium 143 mEq./L, potassium 5.2 mEq/L, chloride 101 mEq/L, free calcium ion 3.8mg%, GOT 63IU/L, GPT 263 IU/L, amylase 193 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 388 IU/L, LDH 1245 IU/L, CPK 677 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.8 mg/dl, direct type 0.1 mg/dl, BUN 18 mg/dl, Glucose 35 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria( ) trace hematuria and pyuria, but no cast. Lumbar puncture is within normal limits. Bacteriology including blood and CSF are normal. Multiple organ failure was noted at that time. Intensive cooling methods were performed including central and peripheral cooling. We used luminal and valium to control the seizure. Condition didn't improve. Afterwards cardiopulmonary arrest developed. Patient expired 8 hours after admission despite of resuscitation. Heat stroke in infancy and childhood is different from that in adulthood. The predisposing factors are high ambient temperature, dehydration, very young baby, sweat gland dysfunction, or ectodermal dysplasia. Definition of heat stroke includes 1) rectal temperature above 41 degrees C, 2) behavioral change, 3) warm skin, wet or dry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Status epilepticus induced by prolonged immersion in hot herb bath: report of one case]. 263 19

Groups of 21 male and 21 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed diets containing pyriproxyfen at concentrations of 0, 80, 400, 2,000 and 10,000 ppm for 6 months. No death was found in any group. Alopecia in the neck and/or back, and soft feces were noticed in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm. A marked decrease in body weight gain was observed in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm throughout the treatment period, accompanying a decrease in food-consumption and an increase in water-intake during the initial stage of treatment. In terms of urinalysis, proteinuria, increases in K excretion, and, in number, yellowness or browish-yellowness in appearance, were observed in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm. In females fed 10,000 ppm, increases in bilirubin, Na excretion and specific gravity, and a decrease in ketone bodies, were observed. In hematology, decreases in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value, were observed in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm and in males fed 2,000 ppm. Also, an increase in MCH (in males), decreases in MCHC and platelet count (in females) were observed in 10,000 ppm group. Blood biochemistry revealed increases in total protein, albumin, alpha 2-globulin fraction, blood urea nitrogen, calcium (in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm), A/G ratio (in males fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm), total cholesterol, phospholipid (in males fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm, and in females fed 10,000 ppm), sodium (in females fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity (in males fed 10,000 ppm) and alpha 1-globulin fraction (in females fed 10,000 ppm), and decreases in glucose, GOT (in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm), beta-globulin fraction (in males fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm, and in females fed 10,000 ppm), GPT (in females fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm), triglyceride, potassium (in males fed 10,000 ppm), and cholinesterase activity (in female fed 10,000 ppm). In organ weight, increases in liver (in males fed 2,000 ppm and 10,000 ppm, and in females fed 10,000 ppm), kidney (in both sexes fed 10,000 ppm) and thyroid (in females fed 10,000 ppm) and a decrease in pituitary (in females fed 2,000 and 10,000 ppm) were observed. Gross pathology revealed a higher incidence of blackish-brown coloration of the liver, and a lower incidence of accentuated lobular pattern of the liver (in males fed 10,000 ppm). An enlargement of the liver was seen in a few of both sexes fed 10,000 ppm. Histopathological examination showed that the sole effect attributable to treatment of this compound was on slight hypertrophy in the liver of both sexes fed 10,000 ppm, with a higher incidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[A six-month chronic dietary toxicity study of pyriproxyfen in rats]. 273 65

In two recent surveys of urinary total protein assays, 370 laboratories in the United Kingdom were requested to determine the protein content of a simulated 24-hour urine (a solution of sodium and potassium salts and urea, with no added protein) and of a 24-hour urine from a healthy individual. The nature of these specimens was not revealed and participants used their routine methods and calibrants. Quantitative results (range 0.005-12.23 g/l, median 0.03 g/l) were received from 31% of the participants for the salt solution and from 43% for the normal urine (range 0.01-2.96 g/l, median 0.05 g/l). Nonquantitative results, i.e. those given as less than a detection limit (range less than 0.005 to less than 0.5 g/l) were received from 29% of the participants for the salt solution and from 33% for the normal urine. Statements of 'nil', 'zero' or 'not detected' were received from the remainder. Further analysis of the results indicated that 29% of the laboratories reported, or did not unequivocally exclude, significant proteinuria in the salt solution, and 41% of the laboratories similarly did not exclude proteinuria in the normal urine. It is proposed, for both clinical and analytical reasons, that consideration be given to the discontinuation of urinary total protein estimation and that urinary albumin, supplemented where appropriate by other selected protein or enzyme measurements, be determined instead.
 ...
PMID:Urinary total protein estimation--fact or fiction? 277 1

In view of the pharmacological and chemical reasons for using ACE-inhibitors to treat diabetic hypertension, a group of 40 outpatients were treated with Enalapril. The sample consisted of 20 outpatients, 6 males, 14 females aged 48-76 (mean age 63.75), 18 of whom had type II and 2 type I diabetes and 11 under treatment by diet and hypoglycaemic drugs or insulin. All these patients presented slight or moderate essential arterial hypertension (diastolic pressure less than 115 mmHg). For about one year 17 of the patients were given 20 mg/die Enalapril and the remaining three 10 mg/die in a single morning dose. In 16 cases no other treatment was given. In 4 a non-potassium conserving diuretic was also given. Check-ups before six months into and at the end of treatment showed: a statistically significant reduction in systolic (p less than 0.05) and diastolic (p less than 0.01) pressure. In contrast no significant change was noted in heart beat, glycaemia before or after meals, body weight, glycosylated haemoglobin or any other blood chemical parameter considered. In one case only there was a slight increase in proteinuria that was however present at the start of treatment. As far as side effects are concerned there was one case of cardiac palmus during treatment and one case of coughing that regressed totally when treatment was suspended but nothing else of significance. It should be noted that the antidiabetic treatment remained unchanged throughout the period considered in most cases and at most was subjected to minimal qualitative and quantitative adjustments.
 ...
PMID:[Prolonged treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients with enalapril. 1-year follow-up]. 282 79


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>