Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

189 patients with various types of glomerular disease were studied. Creatinine clearance, protein excretion and urinary excretion of fibrin degradation products (FDPs) were measured before and at various intervals (up to 42 months) after starting treatment with indomethacin, alone or in combination with other drugs. The following observations were made: a. Patients with a urinary FDP in excess of 2 mg/24 hours before treatment had a significantly lower creatinine clearance and a significantly higher protein excretion than patients excreting less than 2 mg FDP/24 hours, indicating that FDP excretion reflects the severity of the renal disease. b. During treatment, the incidence of high FDP excretion decreases progressively, but remains high in patients who ultimately develop renal insufficiency. c. There is no correlation between the initial value of FDP excretion and the subsequent changes in creatinine clearance and proteinuria during treatment. This implies either that the initial FDP excretion has no prognostic value or, perhaps more likely, that disease activity is modified by treatment. d. The best correlation between FDP excretion and evolution is found in proliferative glomerulonephritis. There are reason to suppose that, in this group at least, the treatment influenced the evolution of the disease.
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PMID:Significance of urinary excretion of fibrin degradation products during treatment of glomerulonephritis. 126 Nov 1

The influence of diet and feed restriction on kidney function was studied in aging male albino rats. Rats were fed either a commercial feed (LB) or a modified human diet (MHD) from weaning until sacrifice at either 12 or 24 mo. of age. Restricted rats were fed for only 15 out of each 48 hours. Feed restriction during either the first, the second, or both years of life was beneficial in delaying age-associated changes in kidney function as indicated by decreased proteinuria, increased in vitro transport of paraaminohippuric acid, and reduced incidence and severity of renal lesions. Urinary creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were also favorably influenced by restriction. Most parameters were modified by diet as well as by restriction, with MHD being generally associated with improved kidney function. Improvement in kidney function may have been more related to a reduction in protein intake than to a reduction in caloric intake as a whole.
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PMID:Influence of diet and feed restriction on kidney function of aging male rats. 127 Jul 59

The prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension and of heart and kidney involvement was thoroughly studied in 689 hypertensive subjects derived from a blood pressure screening examination of a total population sample of Swedish men (n = 7,452). The prevalence of secondary hypertension was found to be only 5%, the prevalence of surgically curable hypertension being even lower. Left ventricular hypertrophy and slight heart enlargement were each found in about one-third of the hypertensive patients, while severe heart enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, proteinuria, abnormal serum creatinine and urinary sediment were each found in about 5%. On the basis of these findings, a minimum pre-treatment workup in uncomplicated hypertension is proposed.
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PMID:Pre-treatment workup for antihypertensive treatment. 127 68

The clinical and morphological analysis is reported of the changes evolving in 12 cases of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis based on repeated biopsies carried out at intervals from 1 to 7 years. Clinical findings at the time of the first biopsy included in 2 cases nephrotic syndrome, and in the remaining cases proteinuria ranging from 0.3 to 2/1000. In all cases erythrocytes in urine were present ranging from 4-6 to 50-100 erythrocytes per field of vision. Hypertension was found in 4 cases, and increased serum creatinine level in 1 patient. At the time of repeated biopsy in 11 cases clinical evidence of improvement was noted with decreased proteinuria anderythrocytes in urine. In 1 case worsening was found and several months later signs of renal failure developed which led to death. The morphological examinations demonstrated in the first biopsies mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. In second biopsies these findings were confirmed. In 1 case with unfavourable outcome the changes became more pronounced, and in the remaining ones no significant differences were noted in relation to the first biopsy which evidenced lack of a close correlation between the clinical condition and the morphological state of the kidneys.
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PMID:[Evolution of morphological and clinical changes in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis]. 127

The kidney is considered the critical organ following long term occupational or environmental exposure to cadmium. Tubular dysfunction in the form of low molecular weight proteinuria is the earliest manifestation of cadmium nephrotoxicity. The current acceptable critical concentration of cadmium in the urine is 10 ug Cd/g creatinine. The aim of this paper is to identify the presence of tubular dysfunction among workers with less than 10 ug Cd/g creatinine. The exposed group of 92 workers were from a nickel-cadmium battery factory. The control group of 122 workers were factory and sedentary office workers with no known history of exposure to nephrotoxic agents. The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and alpha-1-microglobulins (alpha 1m) were measured from morning spot urine samples. The age, sex and race adjusted NAG and alpha 1m showed increasing trend with rising urinary cadmium levels. Levels were significantly raised when the urinary cadmium was above 5 ug Cd/g creatinine. A similar trend was seen with increasing length of exposure. Renal tubular dysfunction is present among cadmium exposed workers with levels below the current critical concentration.
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PMID:Renal tubular function of cadmium exposed workers. 128 95

CD45RA+ (2H4+) and CD45RA-(CD29, 4B4+) antigenic expressions, recognized as a suppressor inducer and a helper inducer, respectively, on CD4+ and T alpha 4+ cells (Fc alpha receptor bearing CD4 T cells) were measured by three color flow cytometry in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The 4B4+ subsets of CD4 and T alpha 4 T cells were increased significantly in the patient group compared with the control group. The level of the 2H4+ subset did not differ between the two groups. No significant correlation was observed between the increase in the 4B4+ subset and disease severity, as estimated by measuring the proteinuria, levels of serum creatinine and immunoglobulins (Igs) or renal tissue damage. It was concluded that 4B4+ CD4+ and 4B4+ T alpha 4+ subsets might be involved in the mechanism of immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
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PMID:CD4 subsets in IgA nephropathy. 128 8

The effect of AST-120 was examined in the rat model of CRF induced by adriamycin (ADM), which is known to induce focal glomerular sclerosis (GS). ADM (2mg/kg) was injected intravenously twice at a 3-wk interval. After 14 wks, rats were paired with control (C) and AST-120 (A) groups according to levels of BUN and proteinuria. Then, the rats were fed regular rat chow with (A, n = 10) or without (C, n = 10) AST-120. After 28 wks, there were more GS in C. Averaged sclerosis index (SI, 0-4 scale) in C was 1.97 (0.94-3.22), while 1.61 (0.60-2.97) in A. When GS was advanced in C (SI > 2.0), largely ameliorated SI was noted in A (2.61 vs. 1.97, C vs. A, p < 0.05 by paired W-test, n = 5 each). Also, in these rats, BUN, serum creatinine and Ht were all improved in A (p < 0.05). Thus, AST-120 was effective in CRF rats induced by ADM when uremia was advanced. The data also indicates that a reduction of uremic toxins could improve glomerular histology and renal function in CRF.
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PMID:[Effect of oral adsorbent (AST-120) in the rat model of chronic renal failure induced by adriamycin]. 128 5

Renal size reduction accompanied by the decrease of renal function was evaluated by ultrasonography in 30 normal controls, 45 patients with chronic renal diseases (CRD) and 22 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). In controls, significant positive correlation was observed between sectional areas of right kidney and creatinine clearance (Ccr) (r = 0.794, p < 0.001), suggesting that the decrease of renal function due to aging was accompanied by the renal size reduction. Significant correlation was also found between the size and Ccr in CRD (r = 0.814, p < 0.001) and DN (r = 0.640, p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between controls and CRD in the reduction rate of renal size per unit change of Ccr, which suggested that the renal size reduction accompanied by the decrease in Ccr was the same in controls and CRD. In contrast, in DN, renal size reduction accompanied by the decrease in Ccr was smaller than controls or CRD. When renal sizes were compared in patients, whose Ccr were equal or less than 20 ml/min, renal sizes were significantly larger in DN than CRD (p < 0.001). The duration of illness from the onset of proteinuria was longer in CRD than DN (13.5 years and 4.7 years, respectively). The difference of renal sizes, however, can not be fully explained by the differences in the length of illness, since the renal size was larger in DN than CRD even when we compared the patients with the similar length of illness. In conclusion, renal size decreased with the reduction in the renal function in controls, CRD and DN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of age, renal diseases and diabetes mellitus on the renal size reduction accompanied by the decrease of renal function]. 128 7

The effect of captopril on proteinuria was evaluated in twenty patients with various glomerular diseases excreting heavy proteinuria (> 3.0 g/day). Captopril in a daily dose of 37.5 mg was administered orally three times a day to all patients and they were followed for eight weeks. Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of protein, creatinine, sodium, selective protein index (SPI), and blood chemistry including serum electrolytes were measured every two weeks. Twenty-four hour urinary protein excretion per gram creatinine started to fall within two weeks of captopril administration and became nearly stable after four weeks of therapy (p < 0.05). Mean 24-hour urinary protein excretion decreased significantly from a pretreatment value of 9.0 +/- 6.0 gm/gm of cr. to 4.4 +/- 3.5 gm/gm of cr. after eight weeks of captopril treatment. The serum albumin level increased progressively at six and eight weeks after the captopril treatment period and was significantly higher than the pretreatment value (p < 0.05). The decrease in proteinuria did not coincide with a fall in blood pressure or any changes in creatinine clearance. We conclude that captopril does have a significant antiproteinuric effect in patients excreting heavy proteinuria with various glomerular diseases. However, the long term therapeutic efficacy and any renal protective effect of this drug remain to be proven.
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PMID:Effect of captopril on heavy proteinuria in patients with various glomerular diseases. 129 47

The activity of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was measured in random urines using the ratio (NAG index) of NAG to grams of urine creatinine in 102 epileptic children taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A high urinary NAG index (2 SD or more above the mean for the age-matched control/normal subjects) was detected in 40 (39%, 40/102) epileptic children with AEDs. None of the 40 epileptic children with abnormal urinary NAG excretion had significant proteinuria. Among the 83 epileptic children under monotherapy, 29 cases (35%) had elevated urinary NAG excretion. Valproic acid presented the highest incidence of abnormal urinary NAG index (78%, 7/9 cases) within the monotherapy group, and the incidence was statistically significantly higher than that (26%, 14/55) in the carbamazepine group (p < 0.005). In the monotherapy group, no significant difference in serum levels of AEDs was found between children with normal urinary NAG excretion and those with abnormal. Nineteen epileptic children were treated with more than one AEDs. Eleven of them (58%, 11/19 cases) had a high urinary NAG index. The incidence of high urinary NAG index in the polytherapy group and that in monotherapy group was not significantly different (p > 0.05). This study suggests that AEDs may be potentially nephrotoxic and that urinary NAG may play a role in screening renal tubular injury in epileptic children under therapy of AEDs. Further investigation should be conducted to determine whether the effect of AEDs on renal tubular cells is or is not reversible.
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PMID:Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) in children receiving antiepileptic drugs. 129 33


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