Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of sex hormones on the induction of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a human anti-DNA (16/6 Id +) antibody, was studied. We found that injection of the pathogenic idiotype to BALB/c females and orchiectomized males treated with estrogen caused a rapid outburst of the disease 3 months after immunization, while nonestrogen treated mice developed the disease 5 months after immunization. The flare of SLE disease was characterized by raised levels of autoantibodies in the sera to dsDNA, histones, cardiolipin, Sm, RNP, SSA (Ro), SSB (La) and an emergence of high titers of mouse antibody carrying the 16/6 Id. These enhanced antibody levels were associated with an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, proteinuria and leukopenia. Immunofluorescent studies confirmed the existence of immune complexes in the afflicted kidneys. Testosterone treated BALB/c females and orchiectomized males developed a classical response to the human anti-DNA antibody (16/6 Id +), but failed to develop fulminant SLE-like disease. Our data demonstrate the importance of sex hormones on the induction of experimental SLE-like disease in mice with no genetic tendency to autoimmunity.
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PMID:Sex hormone involvement in the induction of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus by a pathogenic anti-DNA idiotype in naive mice. 233 51

In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, the female-to-male ratio is as high as 10:1. Sex hormones are thought to play a role in this difference in susceptibility. In a previous study, we demonstrated a high susceptibility of female mice to the development of glomerulonephritis after induction of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), compared with male mice. In order to unravel further this gender-related difference (C57B1/10*DBA/2)F1 hybrid mice were either castrated or ovariectomized and treated with 17beta-ethinyloestradiol or testosterone-decanoate preceding the induction of chronic GVHD. Testosterone-decanoate reduced significantly the development of albuminuria in females. In contrast, proteinuria of 17beta-ethinyloestradiol-treated female mice was in the same range as that of sham-operated mice. Autoantibody levels against glomerular basement membrane, renal tubular epithelium, dsDNA and ssDNA, as determined by ELISA, were higher in 17beta-ethinyloestradiol-treated female mice than in all other groups. Immunofluorescence studies showed the presence of immunoglobulin and complement deposits in glomeruli of all animals, without significant differences between the experimental groups. Our findings confirm earlier observations, in that testosterone-decanoate is shown to be an inhibitory compound, whereas 17beta-ethinyloestradiol has stimulating properties in autoimmunity. Moreover, our results show for the first time differential hormonal effects on autoantibody levels and proteinuria in experimental lupus nephritis.
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PMID:Differential effects of sex hormones on autoantibody production and proteinuria in chronic graft-versus-host disease-induced experimental lupus nephritis. 903 Aug 61

Hypercholesterolemic Imai rats spontaneously develop proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, especially males. Estrogen attenuates the progressive glomerular injury in these male rats. To clarify whether this attenuating effect of estrogen depends on a reduction of testosterone and/or a reduction of the sex-related factors, we investigated whether testosterone administration eliminates the attenuating effect of estrogen on the development of glomerular injury in estrogen-treated male Imai rats. Estrogen significantly reduced sex-related low molecular weight protein excretion to undetectable levels; and treatment with estrogen and testosterone failed to increase these levels. Unexpectedly, treatment with estrogen and testosterone attenuated glomerular injury more than treatment with estrogen only. Estrogen significantly increased both levels of estrogen and growth hormone (GH), whereas it suppressed testosterone levels. Testosterone administration resulted in an increase in serum testosterone levels of about fivefold above the control levels, but reduced the elevated serum GH to the levels of the controls. These results suggest that estrogen appears to play a protective role by itself or in association with sex-related factors, independent of the levels of serum testosterone, and that testosterone does not exert its effect on augmenting glomerular injury and rather may act to attenuate glomerular injury associated with a reduction of GH levels.
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PMID:Testosterone does not eliminate the attenuating effect of estrogen on progressive glomerular injury in estrogen-treated hypercholesterolemic male Imai rats. 919 11

In the present study we investigated whether donor gender or the effects of sex hormones play the greater role in the development of chronic allograft nephropathy. Kidneys of male and female Fisher rats were orthotopically transplanted into castrated male Lewis recipients. Animals were treated with testosterone, estradiol, or vehicle and the kidneys were harvested 20 weeks after transplantation for histological, immunohistological, and molecular analysis. Testosterone treatment resulted in increased proteinuria and profound glomerulosclerosis, irrespective of donor gender. In addition, mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and platelet-derived growth factor-A and B (PDGF-A and B) chains were enhanced in these allografts. Estradiol reduced glomerulosclerosis and mononuclear cell infiltration in allografts of both genders that paralleled a decreased mRNA expression of TGF-beta1, PDGF-A and B. No donor gender-related differences were noted in vehicle-treated animals. Our findings demonstrate that sex hormones rather than donor gender have a significant impact on chronic allograft nephropathy.
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PMID:Opposite effects of testosterone and estrogens on chronic allograft nephropathy. 1238 82

This study investigated the association between nephropathy and oxidative stress, by measurement of systolic blood pressure, lipid peroxidation, activities of catalase, manganese- and copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and concentrations of nitrates/nitrites in kidneys from rats with Metabolic Syndrome. Weaning female or male rats had 30% sucrose to drink for 24 weeks (Metabolic Syndrome). Modulation by sex hormones was investigated by gonadectomy and hormone replacement. In Metabolic Syndrome, Castrated Metabolic Syndrome + Testosterone males and Ovariectomized Metabolic Syndrome females had increased blood pressure, proteinuria and lipid peroxidation. Nitrates/nitrites and activities of catalase, manganese and copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase decreased vs intact Control, Castrated Metabolic Syndrome males, intact Metabolic Syndrome and Ovariectomized Metabolic Syndrome + Estradiol females. The results suggest that sex hormones modulate the activity of superoxide-dismutase, catalase and endothelial nitric oxide-synthase. Ovariectomy decreased the protection against oxidative stress in females; the opposite occurred in castrated males.
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PMID:Association of renal damage and oxidative stress in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Influence of gender. 1952 91

Androgen levels are lower in obese men as compared with normal weight individuals. However, there are no safety data regarding the chronic use of androgen supplements in middle-aged men. The present study was undertaken to determine the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of chronic (10 weeks) testosterone treatment in male obese Zucker rats, starting at 22 weeks of age, when testosterone levels were significantly decreased. Testosterone supplements increased plasma levels, 10-fold in both obese Zucker rats and lean Zucker rats. In obese Zucker rats, testosterone supplements reduced body weight, plasma insulin, and cholesterol levels and improved the oral glucose tolerance test. None of these parameters were affected in lean Zucker rats. Mean arterial pressure was significantly increased in obese Zucker rats but not lean Zucker rats. Testosterone supplements increased proteinuria and accelerated renal injury in lean Zucker rats only. Thus, treatment of obese men with chronic testosterone supplements should be done with careful monitoring of blood pressure.
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PMID:Testosterone supplementation in male obese Zucker rats reduces body weight and improves insulin sensitivity but increases blood pressure. 2241 29

Preeclampsia is associated with reduction of utero-placental blood flow, which is reflected in high blood pressure and proteinuria during the second half of pregnancy. Hyper-androgenism may be implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, if so, there should be a difference between the levels of testosterone in pregnant women complicated with preeclampsia and those without this complication. This case control study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2016 to August 2017 to find out the relationship between free testosterone and preeclampsia. A total 110 pregnant women during third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled in this study. Among them 70 pregnant women with preeclampsia were considered as case and 40 healthy normotensive pregnant women were considered as control. 5.0ml of blood was collected from every patient to measure free serum testosterone level by the DRG free Testosterone ELISA kit. ANOVA, Chi square test, student t test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Spearman's rank test were used for statistical analyses. A "p" value <0.05 was considered as significant. High serum free testosterone was found in 74.3% preeclampsia patients and in 7.5% healthy pregnant patients. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) having OR=35.63 with 95% CI. A significant positive correlation was found between systolic (r=0.289, p=0.009), and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.337, p=0.002) with free testosterone. Levels of the free testosterone were significantly higher in women with preeclampsia than in normotensive women, thus testosterone might have role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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PMID:Relationship between Free Testosterone and Preeclampsia. 3139 29