Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enzymuria is a frequent finding in patients suffering from various kidney diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical value of the determination of tubule-brush-border-associated dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) in the urine of patients with acute and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (n = 12), chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 15), essential arterial hypertension (n = 30), after kidney transplantation (n = 20), and of healthy control persons (n = 68). DAP IV was measured in spontaneously voided mid-stream morning urine ("second morning urine"), and was expressed as enzyme activity in units/liter. In order to account for variations due to urine concentration without collecting 24-hour specimens, a urinary DAP IV/creatinine ratio (DCR) was calculated. Furthermore, patterns of proteinuria were assayed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Urinary DAP IV activity of healthy controls was 4.94 +/- 0.12 U/l (DCR: 0.46 +/- 0.30 U/mmol creatinine) with only small day to day variations. Urinary DAP IV activity in patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis was significantly higher (15.5 +/- 15.6 U/l, p less than 0.05 vs controls; DCR: 1.67 +/- 0.97 U/mmol creatinine, p less than 0.001 vs controls). In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis urinary DAP IV activity was 9.6 +/- 5.6 U/l, p less than 0.05 (DCR: 1.22 +/- 0.75 U/mmol creatinine, p less than 0.05 vs controls). Increased urinary DAP IV activity in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis was associated with a mixed glomerulo-tubular pattern of proteinuria (as determined by SDS-PAGE).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary excretion of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase i.v. in patients with renal diseases. 232 11

Determination of urine total protein concentration employing Macart and Gerbaut method, with rapid assessment of urine protein with Ames strip method was performed and the results were compared. Studied material consisted of a set urines from healthy persons and urines with proteinuria obtained from Outpatient Clinic of Nephrology and Clinic of Metabolic Diseases. In each urine protein was determined using two compared methods. The obtained mean protein concentration in urines with negative deep-stick test was in CBB-SDS method 0.186 +/- 0.112 g/l, whereas for with "trace" protein the CBB-SDS method yields 0.315 +/- 0.159 g/l. For urines with protein concentration assessed as (+), CBB-SDS method yielded 0.558 +/- 0.257 g/l, and for (++), ( ) and ( +) the CBB-SDS method yielded 1.204 +/- 0.454 g/l, 1.647 +/- 0.293 g/l and 2.298 +/- 1.316 g/l respectively. Correlation between protein concentration determined by the CBB-SDS method and deep-stick test Ames method was characterized by r = 0.87 (significant at p less than 0.001). Moreover it was shown correlation between the urine protein concentration determined using both compared methods and number of casts detected in sediment r = 0.33, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.32, p less than 0.001 respectively. On the other hand the Ames Labstix method showed correlation with erythrocytes number, what was not shown using the CBB-SDS method.
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PMID:[Usefulness of the Coomassie brilliant blue method for quantitation of total protein in the urine]. 235 37

Urinary protein fractions and clinicopathological features in 80 patients with IgA nephropathy, who had mild proteinuria (0.60 +/- 0.35 g/day) less than 2 g/day, were analyzed. Urinary protein fractions was determined with SDS-polyacrylamide microgel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The patterns on the densitogram of SDS-PAGE were divided into 4 groups, that is, normal pattern (Group I: N = 4), low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) predominant pattern (Group III: N = 29) and high molecular weight proteins (HMWP) excessive pattern (Group IV: N = 28). Histological changes were minor in majority of Group I but gradually increased in Group II, III and IV. Especially in Group IV, global sclerosis (78.6%; vs. Group II: p less than 0.01, vs. Group III: p less than 0.05), small crescent (57.1%; vs. Group II: p less than 0.05), adhesion (60.7%; vs. Group II: p less than 0.05), mesangial proliferation (96.4%; vs. Group II: p less than 0.01, vs. Group III: p less than 0.05) and tubulointerstitial degeneration (85.7%; vs. Group II and III: p less than 0.05) were most predominant. These results indicate that urinary protein fractions and histological changes appear to correlate closely in IgA nephropathy with mild proteinuria, and that marked HMWP is considered to be an early marker of glomerular damage in the prognosis of IgA nephropathy.
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PMID:[Correlation between urinary protein fractions and histological features in IgA nephropathy]. 237 11

Urinary specimens of 156 patients were examined simultaneously by SDS electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Simultaneous separated protein test mixtures may help to a rapid orientation on the isoelectric points and molecular weights of the urinary proteins. The SDS electrophoresis as well as the IEF make possible a safe proteinuria typing, whereby both methods have specific advantages.
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PMID:[Comparative urine protein analysis using SDS electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing]. 237 81

We described a rapid and sensitive method for urinary proteins disc-electrophoresis on unconcentrated urine, by using polyacrylamide-SDS gel in discontinuous gradient. Correlation with a conventional polyacrylamide agarose slab electrophoresis on concentrated urine is good, our technique being more sensitive when proteinuria is low. It had proved to be useful for routine detection of renal failures in clinical laboratories.
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PMID:[Electrophoresis of urinary proteins on SDS-polyacrylamide gel, without preliminary concentration]. 242 23

A sensitive one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic system was devised whereby the proteins in 1 microliter of unconcentrated urine could be visualized by silver staining over the range 9,000-900,000 molecular weight. Identification of urine proteins was confirmed by Western blotting using peroxidase labelled antibodies. A map of the major proteins visualized in urine from individuals with renal disease was constructed. We conclude that the information available from the simple analysis of proteins according to their size is limited to general conclusions regarding whether proteinuria is likely to be of tubular or glomerular or mixed origin. More specific identification of individual proteins is not feasible because simple protein staining is not sufficiently reliable to identify individual proteins. The reasons for this conclusion are as follows: many proteins in urine migrate with similar apparent molecular weights, some proteins are not visualized by silver staining, and albumin polymeric complexes and fragments can be present at almost any molecular weight. However, one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis together with Western blotting does provide reliable information which might be clinically and experimentally useful.
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PMID:A map of urine proteins based on one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting using one microliter of unconcentrated urine. 242 61

The recent introduction of the PhastSystem, an automatic electrophoresis and staining system with precast gradient-gels, allows rapid and reproducible analysis of proteinuria in patients suffering from renal injury. A routine method for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and silver staining of unconcentrated urine specimens in the PhastSystem is described and compared to our conventional "macro"-method with self-cast SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gels. The method described for the PhastSystem using 0.3 microL sample volumes and an 8-25% polyacrylamide gradient gel leads to highly reproducible results within 1.5 h. Before electrophoresis urine specimens were neither concentrated nor dialyzed. Samples with a protein concentration exceeding 5 mg/mL had to be diluted 1:5 (v/v). Analysis and documentation of PhastGels appeared as easy as with our conventional SDS-PAGE. Protein bands could reliably be identified by Western blotting. Urine and serum proteins, separated in PhastGels, were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose and detected with specific antibodies against human albumin, transferrin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and IgG. Comparison of several standard kits for molecular weight determination revealed considerable differences concerning the quality of protein separation patterns. Availability of precast gels and automatization of SDS-PAGE and staining allows easy standardization of urine SDS-PAGE among clinical routine laboratories.
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PMID:Routine diagnosis with PhastSystem compared to conventional electrophoresis: automated sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, silver staining and western blotting of urinary proteins. 246 71

Protein excretion and protein fractions either according to their molecular mass or with immunological techniques were studied in the spontaneous morning urine of 17 primate species. The total protein concentration in most of the species ranges between 0.01 and 0.2 mg/ml. The pronounced proteinuria (4 mg/ml) in some south american species (Callithricidae) seems to be remarkable. By using immunoprecipitation (LC-Partigen plates), albumin could be detected in most species, alpha 1-microglobulin in some, and transferrin in few of the species. After electrophoretic separation on pre-cast 1D-micro- SDS-PAA gradient gels (8-25%, semi-automatic Phast-System) followed by CBB R-350 or silver stain respectively, in most species a protein pattern similar to human urine could be observed. As our results show, urine analysis is a suitable tool for noninvasive investigations in primates.
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PMID:[Urine proteins in primates]. 247 7

The pattern of serum proteins separated by SDS-PAGE is typified by the microprotein apolipoprotein A I which is split from high density lipoprotein by SDS. High density lipoprotein is generally retained by the glomerulus and does not appear in the urine even in glomerulopathies. Thus, apolipoprotein A I is generally absent in the SDS-PAGE protein pattern of renal proteinurias. However, in postrenal hematurias and proteinurias apolipoprotein A I can be found by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and Ouchterlony test. Using rabbit anti-human-apolipoprotein A I as primary antibody and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulins as secondary antibody antibody apolipoprotein A I could be detected even at a 1:128,000 dilution of blood. This means a microhematuria of only 8 microliters blood/l urine theoretically can be identified as postrenal. Unfortunately, apolipoprotein A I is not only visible on the immunoblots of postrenal hematurias and proteinurias but could also be seen in renal proteinurias. Thus, only with reservation can apolipoprotein A I be called a marker of postrenal hematuria and proteinuria. On the other hand, most renal proteinurias can be identified reliably by SDS-PAGE and analysis of apolipoprotein A I is superfluous. Apolipoprotein A I, however, could become useful in the differentiation of microhematurias without proteinuria.
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PMID:[Differentiation of renal and postrenal hematuria and proteinuria with SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting]. 250 May 60

Renal function was investigated in 218 school children with Schistosoma mansoni infection in the Providence of Gezira in central Sudan and in 65 Sudanese and 65 German age-matched controls. Serum creatinine was normal in all children. A pathological urinary protein-creatinine ratio was found in 3% of S. mansoni-infected children and in 5% of Sudanese controls but in none of the European children. Characterization of pathological proteinuria using albumin nephelometry, alpha-1 microglobulin immunodiffusion and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in these children showed glomerular, tubular or mixed glomerulotubular patterns. One, 4 and 6 months following treatment of schistosomiasis with praziquantel, stools were re-examined; 57% of patients were cured, 16% were found to be reinfected and 27% had persistent egg excretion. Six months after therapy, pathological urinary protein-creatinine ratios were encountered in 3% of S. mansoni patients and in none of the 34 reinvestigated controls. Proteinuria was similar in patients with persistent S. mansoni egg excretion and in children cured of schistosomiasis infection. It is concluded that there was no evidence for S. mansoni associated glomerulonephritis in this group of Sudanese children. The high rate of pathological proteinuria in S. mansoni-infected and non-infected Sudanese children may be due to other causes.
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PMID:Renal function in Sudanese school children with Schistosoma mansoni infection. 251 50


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