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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The quantitative and qualitative analysis of proteinuria by electrophoretic means proved to be a potent diagnostic tool for differentiation of functional renal impairment. The purpose of this study was to compare the macro scale SDS-PAGE technique, which has been used for the last two decades, with semiautomated electrophoresis using an ultrathin SDS-PAA gel with silver staining (Phast system). The new system proved to be quick and easy to handle. Separation of proteins in the range of 70-320 kD were of comparable quality to the macro scale system (unselective and selective glomerular proteinurias with 68 to 150 and 68 to 350 kD components, respectively, as well as total serum proteins), but there was considerable improvement regarding the quality and visibility of protein bands in the range of 11-70 kD. This improvement led to a new classification of micromolecular protein bands into three groups: the smallest microproteins (11-22 kD), the larger microproteins (23-40 kD) and the largest microproteins (41-68 kD). Thereby it was possible to obtain an improved definition of electrophoretic patterns of urinary proteins, which is described in detail.
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PMID:Improved classification of proteinuria by semiautomated ultrathin SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 169 54

To evaluate the importance of tubular proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy, we studied the serial changes of micro-albuminuria, microproteinuria and protein patterns by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in 38 diabetic patients over 8 months. There was a significant correlation between the amount of micro-albuminuria measured by radio-immunoassay and the amount of microproteinuria quantitated by the Coomassie brilliant blue dye binding method (r = 0.976; p less than 0.0001). Micro-albuminuria of 50 mg/day was equivalent to microproteinuria of 190 mg/day. Among the 38 diabetic patients, 26 had micro-albuminuria above 50 mg/day, while 12 had micro-albuminuria below this level. There was a significant correlation between the amount of microproteinuria and haemoglobin A1, showing that the quantity of microproteinuria was affected by metabolic control. Diabetic patients with micro-albuminuria of above 50 mg/day have a significantly higher diastolic blood pressure than those below this level. Among the diabetic patients with micro-albuminuria of less than 50 mg/day, the amount of micro-albuminuria and microproteinuria remained constant, whereas progressive increases in micro-albuminuria and microproteinuria were observed among the 12 diabetic subjects with micro-albuminuria above 50 mg/day. These support the prognostic importance of this quantity of micro-albuminuria. The protein patterns as revealed by SDS-PAGE with Coomassie blue staining show a significant loss of low-molecular-weight proteins in 7 patients, which may therefore suggest tubular damage. The loss of tubular proteins persisted over a period of 8 months in all 7 subjects, and the amount gradually increased over this period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Eight-month longitudinal study of urinary excretion of albumin and tubular proteins in diabetic subjects. 170 39

Three aminoglycosidic antibiotics: tobramycin, amikacin and sisomicin were administered to rats. There was an increase in the activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excreted in the urine and this was characterized by a change in the isoenzyme profiles eluted from DEAE--cellulose. The largest increase in NAG activity was observed following sisomicin administration due mainly to an increase in the B-form of NAG with a concomitant fall in the intermediate (I-form). Separation of urinary proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated a mixed tubular and glomerular proteinuria following administration of sisomicin. It is concluded that the separation of NAG isoenzymes and urinary proteins provides valuable additional information on the nature and severity of antibiotic nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Variation in the isoenzymes of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and protein excretion in aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in the rat. 175 26

The urinary proteins of 40 patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy from the Tuzla region were examined using ultrathin-layer SDS pore-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with silver staining. The typical urinary protein spectrum contained immunoglobulin G, Tamm-Horsfall protein, transferrin, albumin, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), immunoglobulin light chains, retinol-binding protein, and alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1m). Densitometric measurements were used to derive glomerular tubular protein ratios (GTPR) and to characterize protein excretion patterns in the 28 patients who excreted more than 150 mg/liter of protein. Results showed that proteinuria of Balkan nephropathy is predominantly tubular, consisting of low-molecular-weight species. The most commonly identified proteins were alpha 1m, light chains, retinol binding protein, and beta 2m. The pattern of proteinuria based on GTPR did not correlate with the underlying histology or the degree of renal failure. These findings, using the ultrathin-layer SDS pore-gradient method of protein separation, more accurately demonstrates the low-molecular-weight proteinuria characteristic for the early stages of BEN.
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PMID:Renal function, protein excretion, and pathology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. II. Protein excretion. 176 36

Of sixty patients with IgA nephritis, none had CRF at first examination, 13 developed CRF with creatinine above 1.6 mg/dl within 6 years. Among these patients who had analysis of proteinuria by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), 31 patients had middle molecular weight (MMW) proteinuria alone (pattern 1), 10 had MMW and Low MW (LMW) or tubular proteinuria (pattern 2), 10 had high MW (HMW) and MMW proteinuria (Pattern 3) and 9 had HMW, MMW and LMW proteinuria (Pattern 4). At the end of a follow up period of 6 years (1983-1989) patients with mixed proteinuria had a higher incidence of chronic renal failure (CRF), 11/29 (38%) compared to those with pattern 1 proteinuria, 2/31 (6%) (chi 2 = 8.7, p less than 0.005). Based on the glomerular selectivity index (GSI), 19 patients had nonselective proteinuria but they did not have a higher incidence of CRF. By the selectivity index (SI), 18 patients had nonselective proteinuria and they showed a significantly higher incidence of CRF. Compared to the 41 patients who did not have LMW proteinuria, 19 patients with LMW proteinuria had more severe proteinuria. After a follow-up period of 6 years, patients with LMW proteinuria had a higher incidence of CRF (10% versus 47%, p less than 0.001). The presence of LMW proteinuria indicates a less favourable outcome and the pattern of proteinuria as assessed by the SDS-PAGE appears to be a better prognostic index in IgA nephritis than the SI and the GSI.
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PMID:Pattern of proteinuria in IgA nephritis by SDS-PAGE: clinical significance. 188 54

This study examined the potential of an automated electrophoretic system (PHASTSYSTEM, Pharmacia. Uppsala, Sweden) to distinguish patterns of proteinuria in children with various renal diseases. It proved possible to produce ready-to-read sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) separation of 1 microliter of unconcentrated urine in 2 h. Glomerular, tubular and mixed patterns of proteinuria were identified. Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) was readily identified by strong bands of albumin and transferrin during relapses. In contrast, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome was associated with two additional bands of haptoglobin and IgG. Albumin dimers (Mr 120 kDa) were found in the active phase of the disease in the urine of 90% of children with SRNS. Patterns of tubular proteinuria were found in children with proximal renal tubular abnormalities. The presence of mixed patterns of glomerular and tubular proteinuria strongly suggest renal insufficiency. SDS PAGE electrophoresis can readily be applied in clinical practice. It may prove helpful in the diagnosis and management of children with renal diseases enabling correlation to be made between proteinuria, renal pathology and prognosis.
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PMID:Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of proteinuria in various renal diseases of childhood. 191 Nov 6

Patients (pts) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may develop structural damage and functional deterioration of the kidney, where interstitial fibrosis and mesangioproliferative glomerulitis are seen most frequently. Compared to controls 80 pts with RA under various therapeutical regimes and 23 pts with SLE excreted immunoreactive membrane proteins of the proximal tubule at an increased rate. 30 out of 76 pts, but all with SLE, revealed a pathological pattern of proteinuria in SDS-PAGE.
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PMID:[Renal involvement in rheumatic (systemic) diseases: new diagnostic possibilities]. 191 74

Genetically diabetic mice (db/db) were given 50 mg/kg body weight/day substance L, a nontoxic basic amino acid and compared to control diabetic mice without treatment. The oral administration of the compound was started at the age of 3 months and the animals were sacrificed at the age of 7 months. No adverse effects were observed in animals given the substance L. Total food consumption, drinking water intake and body weight were comparable between the groups. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of serum proteins and hemoglobin was not significantly different in the groups. Renal pathological lesions in the control diabetic mice showed glomerular mesangial expansion and on electron microscopy thickened glomerular basement membranes with a mean thickness of 3,204 +/- 186 A. Treated animals showed significantly less mesangial crescents and thinner glomerular basement membrane thickness of 2,520 +/- 252 A (p less than 0.01). The experimental animals showed in addition a lower mean kidney weight. Glomerular but not tubular proteinuria was reduced in the treated group. Basement membrane collagen type IV isolated from kidneys of experimental animals was more soluble in acidity and showed a lower degree of cross-linking as evaluated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We conclude that substance L is beneficial to diabetic renal changes. We suggest that this positive effect could be due to the inhibition of glucose-mediated abnormal cross-linking of collagenous structures by the interaction of substance L with reactive carbonyl residues of glycosylation adducts of collagen. Other possible mechanisms are discussed.
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PMID:The effect of substance L on glucose-mediated cross-links of collagen in the diabetic db/db mouse. 207 11

Protein G, an immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding protein isolated from group C or G streptococci, binds to the Fc portion of IgG. Protein L, from the anaerobic bacterium Peptostreptococcus magnus, specifically binds light chains of Ig. In this study, protein G and L were used to measure the production of antibodies in immunized rabbits. Two rabbits were immunized with a mixture of human urinary proteins from a patient with tubular proteinuria, and blood samples were collected regularly from the animals for 6 weeks after the immunization. The antibody levels of the blood samples against six of the proteins in the antigen mixture were then measured by ELISA. Microtiter plates were coated with each of the antigens, incubated with the rabbit serum samples, and the specific antibodies of the IgG class measured by incubation with biotinylated protein G, and antibodies of all Ig classes with biotinylated protein L. Alternatively, Western blotting was employed, where the antibodies which bound to each antigen after separation by SDS-PAGE and transfer to nitrocellulose membranes, were detected by protein G or L. The results showed that antibody production against five of the antigens, albumin, alpha 1 gamma-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1 gamma-microglobulin, Ig light chains, and retinol-binding protein, showed a similar pattern, although the magnitude of the initial IgM response differed somewhat. After 6 weeks, the levels of the protein G-binding antibodies had reached a plateau, while those of protein L-binding antibodies were still increasing. The response to the sixth antigen, beta 2 microglobulin, was considerably different. A dramatic increase of anti-beta 2 gamma-microglobulin antibodies was seen during the 4th week after immunization when protein L was used.
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PMID:Antibody response in immunized rabbits measured with bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins. 227 56

As a contribution to the noninvasive diagnosis of kidney damage, polyclonal antisera specifically directed against brush border surface glycoproteins of the proximal tubule of the human kidney were used in radioimmunoblotting studies for the assessment of kidney-tissue proteinuria. Urine specimens from healthy controls, from patients (n = 41) with various forms of renal involvement and from those suffering from symptomatic HIV-infection (AIDS) but having normal kidney function, were investigated for the excretion of kidney-derived membrane proteins. After SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of urine samples and electroblotting of protein bands on nitrocellulose sheets, followed by incubation with the antibody and subsequently with 125I-labelled protein A, 3 major tubular glycoproteins (Mr 240 000, 160 000, 120 000) were revealed by autoradiography. The results indicate and increased shedding of epithelial membrane glycoproteins in the urine of patients with kidney lesions, and they also demonstrate the suitability of radioimmunoblotting for the determination of such tissue-antigens ("brush border-histuria").
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PMID:Tubule-derived membrane glycoproteins in the urine of patients (including those with AIDS) as analysed by radioimmunoblotting. 231 34


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