Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied renal function during pregnancy using plasma clearance of iohexol to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In normal pregnancy, GFR was elevated by 40% throughout pregnancy and during the first week post partum, and fell to levels similar to those in non-pregnant women within 1 month. The development of GFR in diabetic pregnant women and in women with gestational hypertension was similar to that recorded in normal pregnancy. In subjects with preeclampsia the rise in GFR observed in normal pregnancy was absent, and no change in GFR was recorded after delivery. We conclude that the development of proteinuria and fluid retention typical of preeclampsia is paralleled by a deterioration of GFR.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1992 Sep
PMID:Glomerular filtration rate in pregnancy: a study in normal subjects and in patients with hypertension, preeclampsia and diabetes. 151 17

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) can reduce proteinuria in diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy. However, no studies have determined whether this antiproteinuric effect modifies the progression of renal insufficiency. We studied the evolution of 46 nondiabetic patients with nephrotic proteinuria treated with captopril for a minimum of 12 months. The follow-up period before captopril treatment was 12 to 18 months. At the end of follow-up, after captopril introduction (24.4 +/- 7.6 months), proteinuria had decreased from 6.3 +/- 2.5 to 3.9 +/- 3.1 g/24 h (P less than 0.001), with a mean decrease of 45% +/- 28%. The proteinuria decrease was higher in patients with reflux nephropathy, proteinuria associated with reduction of renal mass, inactive crescentic glomerulonephritis, nephroangiosclerosis, and IgA nephropathy, whereas patients with membranous glomerulonephritis and idiopathic focal glomerulosclerosis showed a poorer response. Patients were separated according to a proteinuria reduction greater (group A, 23 patients) or lower (group B, 23 patients) than 45% of the initial value. At the end of follow-up, renal function had not significantly changed in group A with respect to values at the start of treatment: serum creatinine (SCr) was 229 +/- 167 mumol/L (2.6 +/- 1.9 mg/dL) versus 203 +/- 97 mumol/L (2.3 +/- 1.1 mg/dL), and creatinine clearance (CrCl) was 0.80 +/- 0.52 mL/s (48 +/- 31 mL/min) versus 0.87 +/- 0.47 mL/s (52 +/- 28 mL/min). The slope of the reciprocal of Scr (1/SCr) showed a significantly beneficial change after captopril introduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Am J Kidney Dis 1992 Sep
PMID:Long-term beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with nephrotic proteinuria. 151 4

The effects of angiotensin II (AII) blockade were compared with the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in rats with reduced nephron number. Rats were subjected to five-sixths renal ablation and divided into four groups with similar values for blood pressure and serum creatinine after 2 wk. Group 1 then served as untreated controls, while group 2 received the AII receptor antagonist MK954 (which has previously been designated DuP753), group 3 received the converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril, and group 4 received a combination of reserpine, hydralazine, and hydrochlorothiazide. Micropuncture and morphologic studies were performed 10 wk later. Converting enzyme inhibition, AII receptor blockade, and the combination regimen were equally effective in reversing systemic hypertension (time-averaged systolic blood pressure: group 1, 185 +/- 5 mmHg; group 2, 125 +/- 2 mmHg; group 3, 127 +/- 2 mmHg; group 4, 117 +/- 4 mmHg). Micropuncture studies showed that glomerular transcapillary pressure was reduced significantly by converting enzyme inhibition and by AII blockade but not by the combination regimen (delta P: group 1, 49 +/- 1 mmHg; group 2, 42 +/- 1 mmHg; group 3, 40 +/- 2 mmHg, group 4, 47 +/- 1 mmHg). Reduction of systemic blood pressure was associated with the development of markedly less proteinuria and segmental glomerular sclerosis in rats receiving enalapril and MK954 but not in rats receiving the combination regimen (prevalence of glomerular sclerotic lesions: group 1, 41 +/- 4%; group 2, 9 +/- 1%; group 3, 9 +/- 1%; group 4, 33 +/- 6%). These results indicate that the effects of converting enzyme inhibition on remnant glomerular function and structure depend on reduction in AII activity and are not attributable simply to normalization of systemic blood pressure.
J Clin Invest 1992 Sep
PMID:Angiotensin II receptor blockade limits glomerular injury in rats with reduced renal mass. 152 31

The relationship between iron status and degree of infection by Schistosoma haematobium was examined in 174 schoolchildren from Niger in an area endemic for urinary schistosomiasis. Iron deficiency was defined by a combination of 3 reliable indicators: a low serum ferritin level combined with a low transferrin saturation, a high erythrocyte protoporphyrin level, or both. Hematuria and proteinuria were seen in 76.4% and 79.9% of the children, respectively, while 95.4% excreted eggs (geometric mean egg count of 31.5 eggs/10 ml of urine). Anemia was seen in 59.7% of the subjects. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 47.1%. Anemia was associated with iron deficiency in 57.7% of the cases. Hemoglobin level and transferrin saturation decreased significantly when the degree of hematuria increased, while prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency increased significantly. The hemoglobin level and hematocrit were negatively correlated with egg count, while anemia prevalence increased with increasing egg count. This inverse relationship between degree of infection by s. haematobium and iron status shows a deleterious consequence of urinary schistosomiasis on nutrition and hematopoietic status, which should be considered in the design of nutrition intervention programs.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992 Sep
PMID:Consequences of Schistosoma haematobium infection on the iron status of schoolchildren in Niger. 152 42

Concentrations of urinary albumin and the albumin:creatinine ratio were measured in early-morning urine specimens from 5670 people older than 40 years who participated in a health screening survey of a local workforce. Sex-specific reference intervals were determined in a subgroup of 3597 people after excluding 2073 individuals with Albustix-positive proteinuria; diabetes mellitus; bacteriuria; current hypertension; body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2; or serum triglyceride greater than or equal to 2.5 mmol/L. The 97.5 percentile concentration for urinary albumin was 28 mg/L in men and 29 mg/L in women; for the albumin:creatinine ratio this was 2.3 g/mol in men and 2.8 g/mol in women. In the study population, the degree of albuminuria showed piecewise log-linear relationships with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0001) and body mass index (P = 0.0001), log-linear relationships with hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0001) and hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.0001), and a negative piecewise linear relationship with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.0461).
Clin Chem 1992 Sep
PMID:Albuminuria in people at least 40 years old: effect of obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. 152 18

1. Both the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, lower urinary protein excretion in renal disease and improve the selectivity of the residual proteinuria. Despite the clearly different renal haemodynamic profiles of the two drugs, we hypothesize that the antiproteinuric effect has a final common pathway that is a reduction in glomerular filtration pressure. 2. We studied the effects of lisinopril and indomethacin, separately and in combination, on urinary protein excretion, selectivity of proteinuria and renal haemodynamics in nine non-diabetic patients with overt proteinuria. 3. Urinary protein excretion was 5.4 +/- 2.5 g/24 h in the control period. Lisinopril monotherapy lowered urinary protein excretion by 53 +/- 26%. During indomethacin treatment urinary protein excretion was reduced by 63 +/- 24%. After adding indomethacin to lisinopril, urinary protein excretion fell by a further 58 +/- 23%, resulting in a 79 +/- 17% decrease during combined therapy. 4. Although both lisinopril and indomethacin monotherapy appeared to result in an improvement in glomerular protein permeselectivity, no further improvement was seen during the combination therapy. 5. The change in proteinuria were associated with changes in glomerular filtration rate, which showed a pronounced fall with combination therapy. The renal haemodynamic profiles during the different therapies suggest a post-glomerular vasodilatation by lisinopril and a pre-glomerular vasoconstriction by indomethacin, and the combination of both during the combined treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clin Sci (Lond) 1991 Sep
PMID:Additive antiproteinuric effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy: a clue to the mechanism of action. 165 38

Male rats are more sensitive to the nephrocarcinogenic effect of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) than are female rats. The purpose of this study was to shed light on this phenomenon by investigating mechanisms of subchronic nephrotoxicity of HCB. Groups of rats were administered HCB in corn oil (po) at 100 mg/kg, 5 days per week for 15 days or at 50 mg/kg, 5 days per week for 50 days. Urine was collected on Days 1, 8, and 15 for the 15-day treatment and on Day 50 for the 50-day treatment. Glucosuria, proteinuria, and enzymuria (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) were measured to assess renal function. Twenty-four hours after the last HCB treatment, the animals were killed and kidneys were removed for histopathological evaluation. Urine analyses showed no indication of renal dysfunction in treated animals compared to controls during the 15-day treatment. However, histology of male rat kidneys revealed degenerative and regenerative cellular foci accompanied by an increased accumulation of protein droplets in epithelial cells of the proximal tubules. The same histological observations were also made in male rats after a 50-day HCB treatment but this time they were accompanied by renal function alterations. In female rats, no such renal functional or histological alterations were observed. The histopathological observations in male rats correspond well with the protein droplet nephropathy; the latter is characteristic of the accumulation in kidney cells of alpha 2u-globulin probably caused by the reversible binding of a chemical to alpha 2u that renders the protein indigestible to kidney proteases. alpha 2u-Globulin was measured in the cytosol of male rats and was found to be increased 11-fold compared to controls. Also, HCB was found to be bound reversibly to alpha 2u. These results suggest that HCB induces a male rat specific nephropathy that could explain the higher incidence of kidney tumors in male rats compared to female rats.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1991 Sep 01
PMID:Male rat specific nephrotoxicity resulting from subchronic administration of hexachlorobenzene. 171 83

This report is on a 35-year-old II-para (status post-Caesarean Section due to breech presentation, at that time normal pregnancy) progress, who was hospitalized with hypertension and proteinuria during the 40th week of pregnancy. Both symptoms occurred initially three days before hospitalization. Blood pressure was within the high normal range (140/90 mmHg) as a result of medication with Dihydralazine (50 mg/die). After induction of labour with prostaglandin (PGE2), the patient delivered normally, and the highest blood pressure measured was 140/90 mmHg, following a subsequent curettage under general anaesthesia, which had to be performed due to incomplete deliver of the placenta. Two hours post delivery, sudden epigastric pain occurred, followed by nausea and vomiting. Blood chemistry showed the development of a severe post-partal HELLP-Syndrome with acute renal failure. The case demonstrates, that the life threatening picture of the HELLP-Syndrome may develop without preexistent severe hypertension or proteinuria. For this reason a post-delivery screening of blood chemistry should be mandatory in cases of severe epigastric or right-upper-quadrant pain.
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1991 Sep
PMID:[HELLP syndrome--postpartum]. 174 78

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) stimulated by ascorbate was studied in renal cortex of 20 rats with nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) and of 9 rats with proteinuria induced by a 3-day course of i. p. injections of the human serum albumin. At the early stages of NTN (0.5 h. and 3 h.) LPO activities were of the same values as in control rats. A small decrease in renal cortex LPO was found on the 4-th day of NTN when nephrotic syndrome has been developed. A significant reduction in LPO activity was observed on the 16-th day of NTN characterized by a more pronounced nephrotic syndrome. LPO activity in renal cortex of the rats with albumin overload proteinuria was also reduced. An inhibitory effect of proteinuria on LPO activity in kidney is discussed.
Biull Eksp Biol Med 1991 Sep
PMID:[Lipid peroxidation in the kidneys of rats with nephritis induced by nephrotoxic serum and proteinuria induced by albumin overload]. 174 66

Renal glomerular basement membranes (GBMs) exhibit a charge-selective barrier, consisting of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) that restricts the passage of anionic molecules into the urine. Previous efforts to localize the HSPG core protein within various layers of the GBM have been contradictory. Furthermore, attempts to correlate proteinuria in several disease states with a decrease in anionic sites of HSPG core protein have yielded conflicting results. When antibodies to HSPG from the EHS tumor matrix [anti-(EHS) HSPG] and GBMs [anti-(GBM) HSPG] were used together with immunogold to label renal tissues from puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotic (PAN) rats, immunolabeling results indicated that a portion of the protein core recognized by anti-(EHS) HSPG was significantly reduced, while immunolabeling with anti-(GBM) HSPG was only slightly reduced in early PAN. Anionic sites (stained with the cationic probe, polyethyleneimine) within the lamina rara externa of the GBM remained unaltered throughout the course of PAN.
Anat Rec 1991 Sep
PMID:Anionic site and immunogold quantitation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in glomerular basement membranes of puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotic rats. 175 Jul 10


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