Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypothyroidism diminishes proteinuria and prolongs survival in several immune models of progressive renal failure. In the well-characterized non-immune model of 5/6 nephrectomy we studied the effects of thyroidectomy (Tx) on the development of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis (GS). Hypothyroidism was confirmed by lower values of thyroxine in Tx rats compared to sham Tx rats at 9 weeks (12.6 +/- 6.7 nmol/l Tx versus 37.7 +/- 10.8 nmol/l sham Tx) and 12 weeks after operation (7.2 +/- 4.9 nmol/l Tx versus 14.4 +/- 4.1 nmol/l sham Tx). Tx resulted in a reduction in mean arterial blood pressure and proteinuria and a lower incidence of GS (4.2 +/- 3.1% Tx versus 17.1 +/- 10.0% sham Tx) 12 weeks after nephrectomy, along with a decrease in food intake (104 +/- 13 g/week Tx versus 138 +/- 10 g/week sham Tx). In the same experiment a third group of sham Tx rats was pair fed to the Tx rats, resulting in values similar to those of Tx rats for proteinuria and the incidence of GS (6.0 +/- 4.9% pair fed sham Tx). Thyroxine levels at 9 and 12 weeks were comparable to those in sham Tx rats fed ad libitum. No association was found between the incidence of GS and glomerular volume. Studies of the inulin clearance in a second set of experiments showed that glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow are lower in hypothyroid rats compared to sham Tx rats. We conclude that hypothyroidism has a renal protective effect due to a decrease in food intake resulting in alterations in renal haemodynamics.
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PMID:Hypothyroidism retards progressive glomerulosclerosis in the rat by a reduction in food intake. 815 3

We studied the effects of a possible interaction between partial nitric oxide deficiency and thyroid hormone excess on the long-term control of blood pressure (BP) and morphological and renal variables and examined the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the increased BP of this interaction. Eight groups (n=8 each) of male Wistar rats were used: a control group; 3 groups that were treated with thyroxine (50 microg/d), Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; subpressor dose, 1.5 mg x kg(-1) d(-1)), or thyroxine plus L-NAME; and another 4 similarly treated groups that received losartan (20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) in their drinking fluid. All treatments were maintained for 3 weeks. The time course of tail systolic BP was recorded once a week. At the end of the experimental period, we measured mean arterial pressure in conscious rats and assessed the morphological, metabolic, plasma, and renal variables. Thyroxine produced a mild BP increase from the second week of treatment and an increase in plasma angiotensin II and plasma nitrates/nitrites by the end of the study. Simultaneous administration of thyroxine and a subpressor dose of L-NAME produced a marked BP increase that reached significance from the first week of treatment. Losartan produced normotension in thyroxine-treated rats and attenuated the BP elevation in thyroxine+L-NAME-treated rats. Hyperthyroid rats showed relative renal and ventricular hypertrophy, absence of absolute left ventricular hypertrophy, and proteinuria. These alterations were not changed by losartan. We conclude that an impaired nitric oxide system might have a counterregulatory homeostatic role against the prohypertensive effects of thyroid hormone and that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in thyroxine+L-NAME hypertension.
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PMID:Increased pressor sensitivity to chronic nitric oxide deficiency in hyperthyroid rats. 1282 1

We present a rare case of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism in a child. The exact pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis remains unclear. Thyroxine replacement therapy along with steroids may lead to significant decrease in proteinuria and resolution of edema. Thyroid status should be evaluated in all cases with MPGN.
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PMID:Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. 2214 78

Previously, it was shown that individuals with good baseline (a priori) endothelial function in isolated (in vitro) renal arteries developed less renal damage after 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx; Gschwend S, Buikema H, Navis G, Henning RH, de Zeeuw D, van Dokkum RP. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 2909-2915, 2002). In this study, we investigated whether preexisting glomerular vascular integrity predicts subsequent renal damage after 5/6Nx, using in vivo intravital microscopy and in vitro myogenic constriction of small renal arteries. Moreover, we aimed to elucidate the role of renal ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression in this model. Anesthetized rats underwent intravital microscopy to visualize constriction to ANG II of glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles, with continuous measurement of blood pressure, heart rate, and renal blood flow. Thereafter, 5/6Nx was performed, interlobar arteries were isolated from the extirpated kidney, and myogenic constriction was assessed in a perfused vessel setup. Blood pressure and proteinuria were assessed weekly for 12 wk, and focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) was determined at the end of study. Relative expression AT1R in the kidney cortex obtained at 5/6Nx was determined by PCR. Infusion of ANG II induced significant constriction of both afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles, which strongly positively correlated with proteinuria and FGS at 12 wk after 5/6Nx. Furthermore, in vitro measured myogenic constriction of small renal arteries negatively correlated with proteinuria 12 wk after 5/6Nx. Moreover, in vivo vascular reactivity negatively correlated with in vitro reactivity. Additionally, relative expression of AT1R positively correlated with responses of glomerular arterioles and with markers of renal damage. Both in vivo afferent and efferent responses to ANG II and in vitro myogenic constriction of small renal arteries in the healthy rat predict the severity of renal damage induced by 5/6Nx. This vascular responsiveness is highly dependent on AT1R expression. Intraorgan vascular integrity may provide a useful tool to guide the prevention and treatment of renal end-organ damage.
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PMID:Vascular smooth muscle function of renal glomerular and interlobar arteries predicts renal damage in rats. 2279 45