Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The typical patient with diabetes mellitus seen at major hospitals in Papua New Guinea between 1974 and 1977 had florid symptoms, a very high blood glucose, was non-obese and non-ketotic and, frequently had neuropathy and proteinuria. In 25% hypertension was present which was significantly more common in the presence of proteinuria. Diagnosis was often delayed by failure to test urine for glucose and treatment was usually ineffective so that coma, usually non-ketotic, severe infections and gangrene occurred frequently. Although not as common as in other South Pacific countries, diabetes is increasing in Papua New Guinea. The provision of simple adequate facilities to test urine for glucose in all hospitals and the establishment of diabetic out-patient clinics in major centres to instruct both patients and other health workers are essential to improve treatment and reduce mortality and morbidity.
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PMID:The clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Papua New Guinea. 29 6

Diabetic nephropathy is a dangerous and insidious complication of diabetes mellitus. The course is variable and from the statistical point of view usually unfavorable. The pathogenesis of the complaint is not fully known. Of the numerous hypotheses, the one most favored is a defective glucose metabolism with uncontrolled inundation of the kidney cells with glucose. The predominant symptom is proteinuria. Early recognition and optimal correction of the metabolic disorder may possibly delay the manifestation of diabetic nephropathy for a time. The use of Somatostatin is attracting great attention today. With such a preparation, the stabilization of diabetes could be facilitated.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of diabetic nephroangiopathy (author's transl)]. 40 65

In juvenile diabetes there is a renal hypertrophy: glomerular volume and capillary lumen of the individual glomeruli are about twice the size of healthy ones. The hypertrophy is associated with a hyperfunction (increased glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption). If the diabetes is strictly controlled these changes may regress, which suggests a metabolically induced hypertrophy. Long-standing diabetes is characterized by a phase of intermittent proteinuria which gradually becomes permanent. Diabetic angiopathy is the result of many years of abnormal metabolism, presumably with involvement of the growth hormone and glucose. Whereas microangiopathy is considered specific for diabetes, it is still a matter for discussion whether a diabetic macroangiopathy exists. The results of numerous investigations suggest that it does.
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PMID:[Diabetic angiopathy. A new concept of pathogenesis (author's transl)]. 40 47

The uptake of 45Ca was measured in slices of kidney cortex from normal rats, streptozotocin-diabetic rats, and streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated early and late with insulin. Insulin therapy was performed such that blood glucose levels were controlled in half the treated diabetic animals but not in the others. Considerably earlier than evidence of nephropathy (i.e., proteinuria and increased BUN levels) in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, there was a significant decrease in active uptake of calcium by the kidney. Insulin therapy, begun immediately upon diagnosis of diabetes, maintained normal calcium transport even when blood glucose levels were not controlled. On the other hand, insulin therapy, begun 1 mo after diabetes was confirmed but before evidence of nephropathy, did not restore calcium transport to normal whether or not blood glucose was controlled. We conclude that this biochemical mechanism, which possibly may be implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy, is clearly influenced by duration of insulin deficiency and not by the degree in hyperglycemia.
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PMID:Effectiveness of insulin therapy on altered renal calcium transport in diabetic rats. 51 Aug 5

The frequencies of retinopathy, proteinuria, hypertension, and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in 2025 diabetic subjects new to our clinic in Tokyo were analyzed in relation to status at initial visit with respect to age, estimated duration of diabetes, and fasting blood glucose. Frequency and severity of retinopathy increased markedly with duration of diabetes. A relationship was found between retinopathy at first visit and level of blood glucose at that time. Proteinuria also clearly increased with duration; its frequency was generally higher in older age groups. Frequency of hypertension increased with age up to 60 yr, but there was no association between prevalence of hypertension and duration of diabetes. ECG abnormalities also increased with age, although serious abnormalities were rare even in older subjects. Hypertension and ECG abnormalities were not more common in those with higher initial blood glucose values, and the frequencies of these aberrations did not increase with the duration of diabetes. ECG abnormalities were more common among hypertensives, especially in younger age groups. Despite the clear effect of degree and duration of hyperglycemia on microvascular complications, there was no evidence of a direct effect of hyperglycemia on macrovascular abnormalities in this study.
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PMID:Prevalence of major vascular complications at the initial visit among Japanese diabetic patients. 52 Jan 21

Voided urines of 53,000 white and 9,3000 black cigarette smokers and nonsmokers were studied. Proteinuria was found to be commoner in smokers of both races and sexes. Heavy smokers showed proteinuria more frequently than light smokers. Of eight possible explanatory variables, one, alcohol consumption history, showed some interrelationship in that the smoking status-proteinuria association disappeared among heavy drinkers. Stopping smoking was not associated with a relative decline in proteinuria prevalence. Proteinuria associated with smoking did not appear to be indicative of more serious renal disease. There was a smoker-nonsmoker difference in urine glucose response to oral glucose challenge, apparently explained by higher average 1-hour serum glucose values for smokers, of unknown mechanism but partially explained by differences in alcohol usage. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and high urine acidity tended to be more prevalent in smokers, though these relationships were not consistently significant.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking habits and urine characteristics: urinalysis abnormalities are more common is smokers, but the reasons are unclear. 62 98

Limited weight loss following jejunoileal bypass in 24 diabetic persons who were still distinctly overweight five to ten months after a mean weight decrease of 78 lbs. was accompanied by a return of normal fasting glucose and insulin levels, normal insulin responses, and a decrease in glucose intolerance. The glucose disappearance rate had improved in the majority of the subjects, but only three had attained values in the normal range. Concomitants of the undue hyperglycemia and/or obesity included labile and, rarely, sustained hypertension and/or cardiomegaly. The blood pressure returned to normal but heart size did not change. Electrocardiographic abnormalities noted in about one-half of the patients persisted after the operation. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased. No patients had diabetic retinopathy visible on funduscopy. Proteinuria did not change in three patients. Neuropathy consisting of absent ankle reflexes and/or decreased vibration perception noted in one-half of the subjects persisted despite the improvement in carbohydrate metabolism.
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PMID:Remissions of diabetes mellitus after weight reduction by jejunoileal bypass. 72 40

A technique is described for the accurate radioimmunoassay of insulin in serum and urine. This method was applied to study of renal clearance and excretion of endogenous and exogenous insulin in untreated juvenile diabetics and healthy young adults. There was good agreement between our results for normal adults and previously reported values. In six non-obese juvenile diabetics, urinary insulin clearance values, both basal (fasting) and following glucose loading (entire range 0.03 ml/min to 1.23 ml/min) were similar to those obtained for the adults (entire range 0.17 ml/min to 2.35 ml/min). The basal urinary excretion in these diabetics was generally of the same order of magnitude as that in the normals. The clearance of exogenous insulin, administered for the first time, was also of the same order as that for endogenous insulin. Markedly elevated urinary clearance and excretion of insulin during fasting and non-fasting states was demonstrated in four non-obese juvenile diabetics with no clinical evidence of abnormal proteinuria, though they demonstrated slight to mild clinical dehydration and acidosis compared with the other diabetics studied. Clearance and excretion of exogenous insulin was similarly elevated. This finding could reflect renal tubular dysfunction in these diabetics, and this dysfunction could relate to even the mild degree of dehydration and acidosis found in this study. Endogenous and exogenous insulin clearance in an obese diabetic child was similar to that for the control group.
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PMID:Studies in the renal handling of insulin in juvenile diabetics. 81 22

This report concerns a 41-year-old man with total lipodystrophy associated with a specific renal disorder. He had massive proteinuria, mild azotemia and a normal level of serum complement in addition to the generalized loss of subcutaneous fatty tissue. Results of 1 50-gm glucose tolerance test indicated a high fasting insulin level with an exaggerated response to glucose. Hypoglycemic responses to exogenous insulin were reduced. Renal biopsy revealed changes consistent with glomerular lipidosis. This case is unique in that the renal lesion was not the Kimmelstiel-Wilson pathologic change atributable to abnormal glucose metabolism.
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PMID:The renal lesion associated with total lipodystrophy. 84 58

Somatomedin activity in sera from twelve insulin-dependent diabetics was measured by the chick embryo cartilage assay system. All patients required insulin for control of hyperglycemia, and had been continuously treated with exogenous insulin for 3 to 25 years. Mean fasting somatomedin activity was elevated in this group of diabetics, and activity did not correlate with the simultaneous blood glucose concentrations. No significant differences were demonstrable between levels in diabetics with and without retinopathy or in patients with and without proteinuria.
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PMID:Somatomedin on insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 88 89


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