Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effect of dietary supplementation with L-arginine for 6 weeks on the progression of renal disease in female Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to sham-operation (groups 1 and 2) or surgical ablation of 85% to 90% of the total renal mass (groups 3 and 4). All rats were fed a standard rat chow containing 22.8% protein. Rats in groups 1 (n = 5) and 3 (n = 9) served as controls and drank tap water ad libitum. Rats in groups 2 (n = 6) and 4 (n = 6) drank tap water supplemented with 1% L-arginine. Rats in groups 1 and 2 had similar values for glomerular and tubular function and serum chemistries 6 weeks after sham-operation. Sham-operated rats given L-arginine had significantly greater urine urea excretion than similar rats drinking tap water. Rats with subtotal nephrectomy (groups 3 and 4) had a significantly higher blood pressure, greater proteinuria, and a significantly lower plasma albumin than sham-operated rats (groups 1 and 2). Rats with remnant kidneys given 1% L-arginine (group 4) had significantly greater values for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and P-amino hippurate (PAH) clearance than similar rats given tap water (group 3), despite comparable levels of systemic blood pressure, hematocrit, body weight, plasma chemistries, including L-arginine, and urine chemistries, except urea excretion. The remnant kidney of rats given L-arginine (group 4) had a greater number of normal or minimally abnormal glomeruli and fewer interstitial changes than that of rats given tap water (group 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dietary supplementation with L-arginine ameliorates the progression of renal disease in rats with subtotal nephrectomy. 846 29

Although the renal clearance of 99mTc-MAG3 is about 60% of the 131I-hippurate clearance, 99mTc-MAG3 clearance may be useful to estimate ERPF. In one study, however, proteinuria seemed to influence the MAG3/hippurate clearance ratio. In order to establish whether proteinuria or serum albumin level has influence on this ratio, a comparison was made between 99mTc-MAG3 clearance and 131I-hippurate clearance in 14 patients. There was a good linear correlation between MAG3 and hippurate clearance, although the standard error of estimate of ERPF from MAG3 was relatively large, which remained unexplained. No correlation was found between proteinuria and MAG3/hippurate clearance ratio nor between serum albumin level, GFR, FF, ERPF and the MAG3/hippurate clearance ratio. We therefore conclude that there is no correlation between proteinuria and albumin level and the MAG3/hippurate ratio. A reasonable estimation of ERPF with MAG3 can be made in patients with proteinuria and lowered serum albumin levels although the estimation may be less accurate.
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PMID:Technetium-99m-MAG3 clearance as a parameter of effective renal plasma flow in patients with proteinuria and lowered serum albumin levels. 183 39

The remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure was established in rats subject to subtotal (1 7/8) nephrectomy and the evolution of renal injury studied over a period of 6 wk. One wk after subtotal nephrectomy, rats had a mean conscious systolic blood pressure of 158 +/- 5 mm Hg and serum creatinine of 128 +/- 9 mumol/l. Both systolic blood pressure and serum creatinine rose over the next 5 wk in concert with progressive glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria. Enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered (5 mg/kg/day) to rats (n = 11) from 1 wk after subtotal nephrectomy. Enalapril lowered systolic blood pressure over the treatment period. Systolic blood pressure was 122 +/- 5 mm Hg compared with 176 +/- 7 mm Hg in untreated rats (p less than 0.001) at 6 wk. Serum creatinine 6 wk after subtotal nephrectomy was 110 +/- 9 mumol/l with enalapril treatment, compared with 159 +/- 21 mumol/l (p less than 0.025) in control animals. Enalapril treated rats had lower urinary protein excretion than controls (15 +/- 3 mg/24 hr vs 85 +/- 22 mg/24 hr, p less than 0.0001) at 6 weeks. Glomerulosclerosis, assessed by blinded histological score, was also reduced in the enalapril treated group (1.79 +/- 0.08 vs 2.36 +/- 0.16, p less than 0.01). Enalapril treatment was associated with a reduction in filtration fraction (51Cr-EDTA/125I-hippurate clearance). At 6 wk, filtration fraction was 0.30 +/- 0.03 in enalapril treated and 0.48 +/- 0.03 in control rats (p less than 0.001). Enalapril treatment in the subtotal nephrectomy model of renal failure preserved renal structure and function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preservation of renal structure and function in the rat remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure by enalapril treatment. 303 69

In rats, uninephrectomy and subtotal renal ablation result in the development of hypertension and proteinuria, and, in a progressively downhill course of renal function, to end-stage renal disease. These events are attributed to glomerular hyperfiltration of remnant glomeruli. In man, however, long-term effects of unilateral nephrectomy appear to be less disastrous. The infusion of a low dose of dopamine (1.5-2.0 micrograms/kg/min) can be used to test the presence of a reserve filtration capacity i.e., the absence or existence of glomerular hyperfiltration. In order to investigate whether in man glomerular hyperfiltration occurs after unilateral nephrectomy, the effects of low-dose dopamine on glomerular filtration rate (clearance of 125I-iothalamate) and effective renal plasma flow (clearance of 131I-hippurate) of 18 uninephrectomized patients were investigated and compared with the effects of low-dose dopamine on those parameters of 32 healthy volunteers. Special interest was given to a subgroup of 10 kidney donors who were investigated before and after nephrectomy. Median values for the percentage of a dopamine-induced rise in the glomerular filtration rate were 4.5% in the uninephrectomized subjects and 10.0% in the control subjects (p less than 0.01). Median dopamine-induced increase in effective renal plasma flow as 22.5% and 35.0%, respectively (p less than 0.01). In the kidney donors the median percentage of a dopamine-induced change in the glomerular filtration rate was 12.4% before and 5.9% after nephrectomy (p less than 0.05%). It is concluded firstly, that renal reserve filtration capacity is decreased after unilateral nephrectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of low-dose dopamine on renal function in uninephrectomized patients: special emphasis on kidney donors before and after nephrectomy. 342 30

Clinicopathologic findings were retrospectively evaluated in 26 cats and 24 dogs with ethylene glycol intoxication. Common clinical signs were ataxia, depression, vomiting, and hypothermia. Characteristic alterations in the hemogram and serum chemical profile included neutrophilia, lymphopenia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and decreased whole blood bicarbonate. Common urinalysis findings included isosthenuria, proteinuria, glucosuria, hematuria, calcium oxalate and hippurate crystalluria, and the presence of renal epithelial cells, white blood cells, and granular and cellular casts in the urine sediment. The high death rate (78%) was attributed to delays in presentation, diagnosis, and therapy.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic findings in dogs and cats with ethylene glycol intoxication. 669 34

Reflux nephropathy is an important cause of chronic renal failure in children. After the parenchymal scar, the progression is thought to be mediated by glomerular hypertension in remnant nephrons resulting in modifications in permselectivity to macromolecules. Proteinuria correlates with a progressive course. The glomerular permselectivity to macromolecules in basal conditions and after acute hemodynamic stress was investigated in 28 children whose bilateral vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) had been previously surgically corrected (meanly 5.6 years before) and with normal creatinine clearance (CrCl). Bilateral renal scarring (0 to 8 scale for both kidneys) was 4.3 +/- 1.6. Albuminuria (UAE) was evaluated in basal conditions and under acute hyperfiltration induced by amino acid (Aa) infusion. After isotonic saline at 310 ml/hour/1.73 m2, 6 mg/kg/min of Aa were infused for 2 hrs. UAE was significantly higher than controls in basal conditions (p < 0.01), and further increased after Aa infusion (p < 0.02). Microalbuminuria was detectable in 53.5% of the children in basal conditions and in 64.3% after Aa. Also urinary beta 2 microglobulin significantly increased at the end of the test (p < 0.001). CrCl significantly increased at the first hour (p < 0.05). Children with severe renal parenchymal scarring had greater UAE (p < 0.01) and beta 2M (p < 0.02) values after provocative test than those with mild renal damage. In 8 children GFR and ERPF were measured by means of inulin and p-hippurate clearance respectively. The variations in UAE during Aa infusion were significantly correlated with GFR dynamics (p < 0.05) while they were not influenced by ERPF modifications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Glomerular permselectivity to macromolecules in reflux nephropathy: microalbuminuria during acute hyperfiltration due to aminoacid infusion. 829 36

Immunologic and hemodynamic factors are likely to work in synergism in the progression of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) toward sclerosis. The local activation of the renin-angiotensin system may be one the most relevant mechanisms. We investigated the hemodynamic effects of the acute administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) (captopril 50 mg). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were measured by 51Cr-EDTA and 125I hippurate clearances. The correspondent filtration fractions (FFs) in basal conditions and after administration of ACEI were calculated, then the changes in FF (delta FF and % delta FF) were determined. We studied 27 IgAN patients. Eighteen patients had normal renal function (GFR, 112 +/- 19 mL/min/1.73 m2) and nine had moderate renal impairment (GFR, 54 +/- 13 mL/min/1.73 m2). Sixteen patients had proteinuria > or = 0.5 g/d. In addition, 12 glomerulonephritis control cases and eight healthy subjects were investigated. After the administration of ACEI in healthy subjects we observed slight modifications in the GFR, a significant increase in the ERPF (P < 0.005), and a significant decrease in FF (P < 0.04). Similarly, in IgAN patients with normal renal function the GFR increased slightly, the ERPF increased significantly (P < 0.01), and there was a decrease in FF (P < 0.01). The delta FF and % delta FF values were not significantly different from those found in the controls. In patients with initial renal failure GFR remained unchanged, ERPF increased significantly (P < 0.005), and FF significantly decreased (P < 0.004). However, the changes in delta FF and % delta FF were significantly greater than those found in healthy controls (P < 0.01) and in IgAN patients with normal renal function (P < 0.001). IgAN patients with proteinuria levels > or = 0.5 g/d showed greater changes in delta FF and % delta FF after the administration of ACEI than patients with proteinuria levels lower than 0.5 g/d (P < 0.003 and P < 0.04, respectively) or proteinuric control cases (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). This different response in proteinuric and nonproteinuric patients was evident even when the analysis was limited to the subgroup of IgAN patients with normal renal function. The decrease in FF consequent to an increase in the ERPF after the administration of ACEI suggests a local hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin system in some cases of IgAN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Angiotensin II local hyperreactivity in the progression of IgA nephropathy. 850 12

The long-term prognosis of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+ HUS) was evaluated in a cohort of 127 of 149 children who had survived the acute phase. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were estimated by serial (51)Cr-EDTA and (123)iodine-hippurate clearances. All children had acute renal failure during the initial phase and 74% of patients were dialyzed. During the 1st year, mean GFR and ERPF increased continuously until a plateau was reached. In the 2nd year after the diagnosis of HUS, GFR was below 80 and ERPF below 515 ml/min per 1. 73 m(2) in 16% and 47% of patients, respectively. At the end of a median follow-up of 5.0 (range 2.0-13.2) years, the proportion of children with renal sequelae such as proteinuria >/=300 mg/l, hypertension, or a GFR <80 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) was 23%. Anuria of more than 7 days' duration and hypertension during the acute phase were statistically significant risk factors for an unfavorable outcome. A reduced ERPF in the 2nd year was found in 93% of patients with sequelae. Mean filtration fraction (SD) in these patients was 0. 26 (+/-0.07) versus 0.19 (+/-0.05) in patients without sequelae (P<0. 0001). These data suggest that loss of nephrons during the acute phase may implicate hyperfiltration in the residual functioning kidney mass leading to progressive renal disease. ERPF in the 2nd year after D+ HUS may serve as an excellent parameter to detect patients with a high risk of an unfavorable long-term outcome.
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PMID:Long-term prognosis of hemolytic uremic syndrome and effective renal plasma flow. 1050 25

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor blockers lower proteinuria and preserve renal function in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The antiproteinuric effects are greater than their blood pressure reduction, involving the sieving properties of the glomerular filter. In DN, glomerular staining for heparan sulfate proteoglycans is decreased. AngII inhibits heparan sulfate synthesis. Also, heparins modulate AngII signaling in glomerular cells, inhibiting aldosterone synthesis and lowering proteinuria in DN. Is the antiproteinuric effect of heparins due to its interference with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? Ten volunteers each with DN and glomerulonephritis and control subjects were examined before and after low-dosage enoxaparin. Renal hemodynamics were determined with (99m)Tc-DTPA and (131)I-hippurate clearance. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were measured at baseline and during AngII infusion before and after enoxaparin while on normal salt and salt restriction. Enoxaparin did not lower aldosterone levels. GFR remained stable in all groups. AngII caused a significant decrease in effective renal plasma flow, whereas mean arterial pressure and heart rate increased significantly. Enoxaparin did not influence the AngII-induced changes of renal hemodynamics during normal salt intake or salt restriction. All groups showed identical responses to AngII before and after enoxaparin. In patients with diabetes, enoxaparin caused a significant decrease in proteinuria. It is concluded that the antiproteinuric effect of heparins in DN cannot be explained via interaction with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The absence of hemodynamic changes combined with reduced proteinuria point to intrinsic alterations in the glomerular filter. The effects were seen only in DN, not in glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:Proteinuria-lowering effect of heparin therapy in diabetic nephropathy without affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 1769 88