Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paraneoplastic syndromes are often associated with renal parenchymal tumours. This report describes a case of renal-cell carcinoma with kappa-chain nephropathy. The patient, a 60-year-old man, had renal tubular dysfunction, shown by low serum concentrations of urate and phosphate. Kappa-chains were found in both serum and urine, but no lambda-chains were found. Investigations showed a clear-cell carcinoma, and the patient underwent a radical nephrectomy. Two years after operation serum phosphate and urate concentrations had returned to normal, and kappa-chains were undetectable in serum or urine. The absence of lambda-chains indicates that the light-chain proteinuria was due to overproduction of the M component, and the disappearance of kappa-chains after the operation suggests a causal relation between the renal tumour and the overproduction of the M component.
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PMID:Light-chain nephropathy in patient with renal carcinoma. 678 17

Renal involvement in 13 non-lepromatous and 17 lepromatous leprosy patients were assessed by routine urinalysis, detailed biochemical analysis of blood and urine and by renal histopathological studies and compared with 10 normal healthy controls. The presence of RBC and pus cells were detected in the urinary deposit of only one lepromatous leprosy patient in reactional phase. A reversal of albumin/globulin ratio was observed in 17.6% of non-lepromatous and 15.3% of lepromatous patients. 24 hours urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and aminonitrogen of the patients were within the normal range. Forth seven percent of the non-lepromatous and 46% of the lepromatous patients had proteinuria. Even though the mean serum creatinine values of the patients showed no difference from that of the normals, the creatinine clearance was low in 82.3% of the non-lepromatous and in all of the lepromatous patients. Serum phosphorus, serum uric acid, urinary phosphate excretion and the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus of the patients were normal. Twenty one percutaneous renal biopsy specimens showed nonspecific pathological changes such as nephritis of various varieties in 71.4% of the specimens. Among the lepromatous group renal involvement was observed in 5 out of 9 cases (55.6%) and in the non-lepromatous group 10 out of 12 cases (83.3%). No acid fast bacilli, amyloid and granuloma were seen in any of the renal tissues studied. There was no definite correlation between the type of renal pathology and biochemical changes. None of the patient showed any clinical evidence of renal involvement.
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PMID:Renal involvement in leprosy. 725 68

Investigation of pharmacokinetics of certain drugs in experimental models of glomerulonephritis would facilitate development of dose schedules for dogs with this disease. Polymerized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-induced glomerulonephritis was investigated in healthy, 15-week-old purebred Beagle dogs. Three dogs were injected daily with 20 ml of 5% (w/v) PVA (125,000 molecular weight, 88% hydrolyzed) in phosphate-buffered saline solution. One control was given only phosphate-buffered saline solution. Determinations were made of complete blood count, PCV, serum urea nitrogen, specific gravity, urine pH, and protein. Tissue specimens were taken for light microscopic and electron microscopic examinations. Injections were stopped after 3 weeks due to severe CNS depression and anemia in the principals. Proteinuria appeared shortly before dogs were euthanatized, but there were no other signs of renal disease. The dominant lesions were foam cell formation in glomeruli and diffuse vacuolation of splenic red pulp cells. Lesions were also visible in electron microscopic sections of glomeruli. Abnormalities were not observed in the control dog. Due to the severity of the nonrenal lesions, PVA (the type used here) is not useful for creating a model of renal disease in dogs.
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PMID:Polyvinyl alcohol toxicosis as a model of glomerulonephritis in Beagle dogs. 740 71

The effects of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (Chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent of urea and ammonia, were examined in rats with progressive chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by adriamycin. CRF rats induced by repeated injections of adriamycin were fed a diet containing chitosan DAC (5% content) or Kremezin (5% content), an oral charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) under strict paired-feeding for four months. CRF rats that received both a normal diet and Kremezin showed progressive azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, and anemia, and began to die from 9 weeks after feeding started. In contrast, chitosan DAC-treatment showed marked prolongation of the survival period and decreases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum phosphate. In addition, chitosan DAC-treatment ameliorated anemia in CRF rats, although hyperlipidemia and proteinuria were not improved. Furthermore, fecal weight, fecal water content, fecal nitrogen and fecal sodium were markedly increased, and the apparent protein ratio was decreased in CRF rats fed a diet containing chitosan DAC for 9 weeks. In contrast, none of these effects were observed in CRF rats receiving Kremezin. These observations suggest the further possibility of using oral adsorbent therapy for CRF patients.
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PMID:[Pharmacological properties of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent (II). Effect of chitosan DAC on rats with chronic renal failure induced by adriamycin]. 755 38

The effect of cadmium intoxication on the renal proximal tubular phosphate transport system was studied in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Subcutaneous injections of CdCl2 at a dose of 2 mg Cd/kg body wt per day for 2 weeks induced marked polyuria, glycosuria, proteinuria, and phosphaturia, which are characteristics of chronic cadmium intoxication. In the renal cortical brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from cadmium-intoxicated rats, the cadmium content was drastically increased and the Na(+)-dependent phosphate uptake was markedly attenuated. Similar results were obtained in normal membrane vesicles directly exposed to free cadmium. These results indicate that cadmium intoxication impairs the Na(+)-phosphate cotransport system in the proximal tubular brush-border membrane, which may lead to phosphaturia in intact animals.
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PMID:Transport of inorganic phosphate in renal cortical brush-border membrane vesicles of cadmium-intoxicated rats. 764 19

Oral calcium supplementation is reported to have phosphate-binding and antihypertensive effects. Since both phosphate binders and antihypertensive agents are reported to attenuate renal injury, we studied the effect of oral calcium carbonate (CaCO3) administration on the course of renal deterioration using doxorubicin-induced renal failure in rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate and salt for 10 weeks. Rats were divided into four groups: the CaCO3 (6.0 g/kg/d) group (n = 12), the aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3; 6.0 g/kg/d) group (n = 11, as a phosphate-binder control), the hydralazine (10 mg/kg/d) group (n = 11, as an antihypertensive control), and the control group (n = 12). All agents were given as a mixed chow diet. Blood pressure and urinary protein excretion progressively increased in the control rats. CaCO3 and hydralazine lowered blood pressure, but Al(OH)3 did not (185 +/- 4 mm Hg, control; 160 +/- 5 mm Hg, CaCO3; 171 +/- 8 mm Hg, Al(OH)3; 156 +/- 5 mm Hg, hydralazine at week 10). Proteinuria was reduced in the rats treated with CaCO3 and Al(OH)3 compared with those without the treatment (986 +/- 86 mg/d, control; 551 +/- 54 mg/d, CaCO3; 527 +/- 31 mg/d, Al(OH)3; and 955 +/- 68 mg/d, hydralazine at week 10). Serum phosphate concentration and calcium phosphate products also were significantly lower in both the CaCO3 and Al(OH)3 groups than in the control group. At week 10, increased serum urea nitrogen, impaired renal function, and glomerular sclerosis present in the control group were significantly attenuated in both in the CaCO3 and Al(OH)3 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oral calcium carbonate administration ameliorates the progression of renal failure in rats with hypertension. 777 88

Examination of renal function have been carried out in sheep with acute prerenal (n = 6), renal (n = 15) or postrenal failure (n = 3), pyelocystitis (n = 4), and in cases of urolithiasis in rams (n = 16) and billy goats (n = 11) respectively. The calculation of parameters was done on the basis of the estimated weight dependent endogenous creatinine excretion. A control group of 56 healthy non pregnant or early pregnant (< 120th day of pregnancy) ewes have been used. The renal creatinine clearance was reduced and the absolute as well as the fractional renal water excretion was enhanced in all groups of sick animals. An elevated fractional excretion of sodium and phosphate could be seen as well. Functional disturbances could be observed in urolithiasis in like manner as in acute renal failure. There was proteinuria, glucosuria, excessive potassium excretion and often decreased plasma concentration of potassium in both syndromes. A hyperkalemia occurred only in the final state of urolithiasis. No clinical outcome of chronic nephropathies could be seen. Mortality of the described acute nephropathies was about 76%. The results of examination were suitable to control the course and restitution of renal function. They were not helpful for differential diagnosis and prognosis of acute renal failure.
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PMID:[Clinical kidney function studies in sheep. III. Pathologic function changes in nephropathies of sheep and in urolithiasis of rams and billy goats]. 778 44

Effects of Chai Ling Tang (a decoction of medicinal herbs) on passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) in rats, a model similar to human membranous nephropathy, were examined. Four hundred mg/kg (body weight) of Chai Ling Tang, or 240 mg/kg B.W. of Xiao Chai Hu Tang, or 130 mg/kg B.W. of Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri), Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) and Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) were intraperitoneally injected respectively into three groups of female Wistar rats once a day starting from 5 days before intravenous injection of anti-FxlA antibody to the end of the experiment. Another group of rats intraperitoneally injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used as the control. It was found that the excretion of urinary protein was significantly suppressed in the Chai Ling Tang treated group (52.2 +/- 46.9 mg/day) as compared to that in the PBS control group (276.5 +/- 127.0 mg/day) 15 days after anti-FxlA antibody injection (P < 0.01). The decrease of serum albumin and total protein, and the increase of serum total cholesterol were significantly inhibited in the Chai Ling Tang treated group as compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). It is therefore concluded that proteinuria in PHN can be significantly suppressed by Chai Ling Tang.
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PMID:Effects of chai ling tang on proteinuria in rat models. 778 63

Ifosfamide and cisplatin are two commonly used cancer chemotherapeutic agents associated with significant acute and chronic renal toxicity. The clinical characteristics of ifosfamide-induced renal injury are proximal tubular wasting of glucose, phosphate, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and amino acids; proteinuria; and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Cisplatin administration may result in a dose-dependent reduction of glomerular filtration rate, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and polyuria. The characteristics of renal toxicity associated with each of these agents are discussed with attention to possible mechanisms of injury and long-term clinical outcome.
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PMID:Renal toxicity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents in children: ifosfamide and cisplatin. 778 38

Recently, we developed an acute model for IgA-mediated glomerular inflammation in rats in which it was shown that polymeric (p) but not monomeric (m) IgA-containing immune complexes induce acute glomerular inflammation. The glomerular IgA-mediated inflammation is characterized by the activation of complement (C), the presence of intraglomerular macrophages and proteinuria. In the present study, we investigated the role of C in this IgA-mediated nephritis. Rats were pretreated either with cobra venom factor (CVF) to deplete them of circulating C3 or with phosphate-buffered saline followed by introduction of mesangial IgA deposits. Upon deposition of pIgA in the mesangial area, acute proteinuria was observed only in normocomplementemic rats and not in C-depleted animals. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed deposition of C3 and C9 in a pattern identical to that of IgA in the glomeruli of normal rats. Rats pretreated with CVF displayed clear mesangial deposition of IgA in the absence of C3 and C9. In none of the two groups were C4 deposits seen, indicating activation of C via the alternative pathway. In normocomplementemic animals, deposition of IgA together with C3 was associated with an influx of macrophages at day 2. C-depleted rats receiving pIgA also showed an influx of macrophages at 24 h following CVF administration and 1 and 2 days after IgA injection. However, no proteinuria was seen. To obtain insight into the mechanism of macrophage influx in the CVF-treated rats, we also analyzed the number of intraglomerular macrophages in rats receiving only CVF, without introduction of mesangial IgA deposits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Complement depletion abolishes IgA-mediated glomerular inflammation in rats. 792 71


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