Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied sodium retention during volume expansion in rats with autologous immune complex nephropathy (AICN), a model of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in which GFR after volume expansion was not different from that in adjuvant-injected controls (C). AICN rats developed heavy proteinuria (298 +/- 27 vs. less than 10 mg/day), hypoalbuminemia (2.14 +/- 0.15 vs. 3.08 +/- 0.12 g/100 ml) and hypercholesterolemia (181 +/- 22 vs. 58 +/- 4 mg/100 ml). After saline, there were no significant differences in blood pressure (119 +/- 2 vs. 114 +/- 2 mm Hg), renal plasma flow (4.9 +/- 0.41 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.28 ml/min), inulin clearance (1.37 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.55 +/- 0.10 ml/min), or SNGFR (47 +/- 2 vs. 53 +/- 4 nl/min). Sodium excretion, however, was significantly lower in NS rats (4.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 9.2 +/- 1.2 muEq/min). Proximal sodium reabsorption was decreased in NS rats (35 +/- 2 vs. 41 +/- 2%, 2.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.2 nEq/min). Sodium delivery into the loop, however, was equal in NS and C, since the slightly lower filtered load in NS rats offset the depression in proximal reabsorption. Sodium reabsorption by the loop and by the distal convoluted tubules were equal in NS and C. Thus, sodium delivered into the cortical collecting ducts was the same in both groups (0.33 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.34 +/- 0.07 nEq/min; 4.5 +/- 0.6% of filtered sodium vs. 4.4 +/- 0.3%). The percent of filtered sodium excreted in the urine, however, was significantly lower in the NS rats, 2.18 +/- 0.48% vs. 4.0 +/- 0.58%. We conclude that antinatriuresis in this model of NS is determined beyond the superficial late distal convoluted tubule. The inability to excrete the sodium load during volume expansion is due to either enhanced reabsorption by the collecting duct or to abnormal function in deep nephrons.
 ...
PMID:Renal sodium retention during volume expansion in experimental nephrotic syndrome. 75 Jun 93

Diabetic nephropathy is more common in patients with a positive family history of hypertension and with elevated red blood cell sodium-lithium countertransport, a marker of risk for essential hypertension. To evaluate whether there is a relationship between this cation transport system and indicators of risk of renal and cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients before the development of clinical proteinuria, we studied 31 type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with arterial hypertension, without clinical proteinuria and 12 normotensive normoalbuminuric diabetic patients. Sodium-lithium countertransport activity was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (0.43 +/- 0.03 mmol/l RBC x hr) than in normotensive patients (0.23 +/- 0.03; P less than 0.001). To better explore the nature of the association between this transport system and arterial hypertension, hypertensive patients were divided in two groups, with high (greater than 0.41 mmol/l RBC x hr) or normal (less than 0.41) sodium-lithium countertransport activity. The two groups of hypertensive diabetics were similar in age, sex, body mass index and blood pressure levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Clustering of risk factors in hypertensive insulin-dependent diabetics with high sodium-lithium countertransport. 151 8

The effect of three cycles of high-dose cisplatin (40 mg/m2 day for 5 days) on renal tubular function was evaluated in 30 patients. A significant impairment of proximal tubular salt and water reabsorption rates was observed, but also distal tubular function seemed to be affected. These changes were also present 6 months after termination of treatment. Sodium and magnesium clearance increased significantly during treatment. Magnesium clearance normalized shortly after treatment but sodium clearance was significantly elevated 6 months after treatment. Proteinuria, albuminuria, and amino aciduria, together with an increase of beta 2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion rates, were observed during each treatment cycle. A good correlation was registered between the increase in urinary excretion rates of protein, NAG, and magnesium and the decrease in proximal tubular salt and water reabsorption during cisplatin administration.
 ...
PMID:Renal tubular function in patients treated with high-dose cisplatin. 284 Feb 30

One hundred and seventy-four patients who were receiving drug therapy for hypertension were asked to restrict their sodium intake for three months. At the end of that time their drug therapy was replaced with enalapril and the dose of the drug "titrated" to obtain a diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg. Sodium restriction caused a small fall in blood pressure and could be used as sole therapy in only 6% of patients. Enalapril therapy was instituted without problems and control of blood pressure below 90 mmHg was achieved in 62% of persons with monotherapy. The number of tablets of enalapril that were taken was reduced from 5.9 to 2.7; in most patients these were taken once a day. There were few side-effects and no depression of white cell count, no proteinuria and no deterioration of renal function. Seventy-six per cent of patients preferred the new regimen either because they felt better than with their previous therapy (52%) or because of the more simple regimen (24%). Enalapril was an effective, well tolerated antihypertensive agent and potentially has a major role to play in the management of patients with high blood pressure.
 ...
PMID:Use of sodium restriction and enalapril in persons with moderate to severe hypertension. 303 55

Spontaneous (not experimentally induced) systemic hypertension was detected in 5 male dogs that were examined because of apparent blindness caused by intraocular hemorrhage and/or retinal detachment. Secondary causes of hypertension, including renal, adrenal, and thyroid disease, were investigated. Four of the dogs had glomerulonephropathy, renal insufficiency, and proteinuria. Four dogs had compensatory cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension in 4 of 5 dogs was associated with glomerulosclerosis with chronic renal insufficiency, bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia, adrenocortical adenoma with renal amyloidosis, and immune-mediated glomerulonephritis with chronic renal insufficiency, respectively. The fifth dog was determined to have essential hypertension. The dogs were treated for their primary diseases. Sodium restriction alone was inadequate to reduce blood pressure; 4 of the dogs also required antihypertensive medications.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous systemic hypertension in dogs: five cases (1981-1983). 317 Mar 25

Para-Nitrophenol Sodium Salt (PNSP) has relatively low acute inhalation toxicity; the 4-hr Approximate Lethal Concentration in rats is greater than 4.7 mg/l. One subacute study was conducted at 0, 0.34 and 2.47 mg PNSP/l for ten 6-hr exposures. Darker urine, proteinuria and elevated creatinine and SGOT were seen after exposure and were still evident after 14 days recovery. Methemoglobinemia also was seen and was reversible at 0.34 mg/l after 14 days. In addition, exposure to 2.47 mg/l caused elevated erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit. A second subacute study at 0.03 and 0.13 mg PNSP/l showed reversible methemoglobinemia only at 0.13 mg/l. The repeated dose no-observable effect level was 0.03 mg/l. No compound-related pathologic changes were noted in any of the studies.
 ...
PMID:Acute and repeated dose inhalation toxicity of para-nitrophenol sodium salt in rats. 318 Oct 44

Daily blood and 24-hour urine samples from 6 runners were studied for 2 days before and for 5 days after a 42.2 km. marathon footrace run in cool environmental conditions. Although the race caused muscle damage as shown by the increased post-race serum creatine kinase activity and C-reactive protein levels, renal function measured by urine flow rates, creatinine clearance and protein excretion was normal during the race. Sodium and fractional sodium excretion decreased during the race despite a maintained osmolar clearance, and remained low for the next 48 hours, whereas osmolar clearance decreased sharply for the remainder of the race day but it was significantly elevated on days 2 to 4 after the race. Creatinine clearance was increased significantly 24 hours after the race, and reached its peak 3 days after the race, while urine flow rates were elevated from days 2 to 5 after the race. Urea excretion was significantly decreased 3 to 5 days after the race, while creatinine excretion was increased significantly on day 3 after the race. Glomerular proteinuria occurred 24 hours after the race with no associated reduction in tubular reabsorption of the low molecular weight protein beta-2-microglobulin. This study shows previously unrecognized substantial delayed effects of prolonged exercise on renal function. The nature of these changes may reflect catabolic followed by anabolic processes in muscle as well as changes consequent on excess sodium retention and related fluid compartment shifts.
 ...
PMID:The immediate and delayed effects of marathon running on renal function. 377 85

Urine samples from 110 patients with different proteinuric diseases in childhood were analysed by Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis (CAE) and several samples were also analysed by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). CAE allowed the classification of proteinurias into 4 patterns; Tubular, Glomerular I, Glomerular II and Glomerular III, by albumin/globulin ratio, value of % gamma globulin fraction (% gamma) and alpha 1/alpha 2 globulin ratio. Proteinurias of the Tubular pattern included various diseases with tubular proteinuria, while proteinurias of the Glomerular I, II and III patterns included mainly postural proteinuria, proteinuria of nephrotic syndrome and proteinuria of various nephropathies, respectively. SDS-PAGE confirmed the tubular and the glomerular origins of the proteins. In the present study we described the clinical usefulness of CAE in the screening of proteinuric children for the following reasons. This method could be performed easily and immediately. This is one of the necessities for mass screening of proteinuric children. CAE can be helpful as one of indications of renal biopsy, since patients with the Glomerular III pattern often showed glomerular alterations and should be diagnosed histologically. Good correlation between % gamma and clinical data was found in follow-up study, so CAE is also helpful in understanding the disease course. Thus. CAE is recommended as a routine screening method of proteinuria as well as SDS-PAGE.
 ...
PMID:Clinical usefulness of cellulose acetate electrophoresis as a screening of proteinuria in childhood. 403 Feb 20

Natural history of cadmium health effects was studied on monkeys and rabbits given cadmium chloride orally or subcutaneously for a long period: 6 male monkeys were given pelleted food containing 100 micrograms Cd/g over a period of 180 weeks, 15 male rabbits pelleted food containing 300 micrograms Cd/g over a period of 24 weeks, 13 male rabbits daily subcutaneous injections at a dose level of 0.5 mg Cd/kg over a period of 44 weeks, and 23 rabbits subcutaneous injections at a dose level of 0.5 mg Cd/kg 6 times a week over a period of 21 weeks, respectively. Sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining (detection limit of protein: 80 micrograms/dl) revealed that urinary protein of molecular weight 12,000 (probably beta 2-microglobulin) increased slightly prior to the appearance of proteinuria, glycosuria or aminoaciduria. Remarkable increase in urinary protein of molecular weight 12,000 was observed by Amidoblack 10 B staining (detection limit: 4 mg/dl) around the time when renal dysfunctions appeared. The above result might suggest that the remarkable increase in urinary beta 2-microglobulin is associated with renal dysfunctions, while the slight increase is caused by other mechanisms than renal dysfunctions.
 ...
PMID:[Mechanism of beta 2-microglobulinuria in experimental chronic cadmium intoxication]. 619 Oct 63

Sodium sulfanilate (ss) clearance time was measured in 13 clinically normal dogs and in 24 dogs with suspected renal disease. The results were compared with those from more routine tests of renal function to assess whether measurement of ss clearance provided additional information about the degree of renal dysfunction. It was concluded that ss clearance is a more sensitive measure of renal dysfunction than is serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen. Sodium sulfanilate half-life was increased before the complete loss of ability to concentrate urine; however, urine concentrating ability was impaired in some dogs with normal ss clearance. In dogs with glomerular disease, proteinuria developed before increased ss clearances. However, ss clearance was a more reliable method of monitoring the degree of renal dysfunction than was protein concentration in single urine samples.
 ...
PMID:Clinical evaluation of sodium sulfanilate clearance for the diagnosis of renal disease in dogs. 651 38


1 2 3 Next >>