Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nephrotic range proteinuria occurred in a 42-year-old woman with renal arterial occlusion and hyperreninemia. The administration of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, led to an amelioration of the proteinuria and the decrease of blood pressure, without surgical treatment. From the present observation, it is highly probably that the increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in massive proteinuria. Conservative treatment for renovascular hypertension with nephrotic syndrome was effective in this patient.
 ...
PMID:A case of renovascular hypertension with the nephrotic syndrome. 353 95

The effect of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on the progression of chronic puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis was examined. Rats were injected with 15 mg/100 gm body weight PAN and 5 mg/100 gm body weight, on weeks - 1 and 5, respectively. A third group was injected with an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline, intraperitoneally (Group III) on week - 1 and 5. Beginning week 0, group I received 50 mg/kg captopril daily in the drinking water for 12 weeks. Group II received no treatment. Captopril failed to attenuate the peak level of proteinuria induced by the first injection of PAN or to alter the rate of decline of proteinuria when begun 1 week after the PAN injection. However, captopril did blunt the increase in urinary protein excretion following the second injection of PAN (p less than 0.05). Group II became hypertensive compared to Group I on week 8 and 12 and Group III on week 12 (p less than 0.05). Group I and II could not be distinguished on the basis of renal histologic rank (p = 0.80). We conclude that captopril affords some protection against the development of PAN-induced proteinuria, but it does not accelerate the recovery phase when glomerular permselectivity is being regained.
 ...
PMID:Effect of captopril on chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. 353 53

Male Munich-Wistar rats wer subjected to 1 2/3 nephrectomy. One group received no therapy. A second group received the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril. A third group received triple therapy (TRX) with reserpine, hydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide. Half of the rats underwent micropuncture study 4 weeks after nephrectomy. Untreated rats exhibited high systemic blood pressure (SBP) and single-nephron hyperfiltration due to high values for the mean glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (-PGC) and glomerular capillary plasma flow rate (QA). The ACE inhibitor therapy controlled both SBP and -PGC. In contrast, TRX normalized SBP but failed to lower -PGC. After 12 weeks untreated rats demonstrated systemic hypertension, progressive proteinuria and extensive glomerular sclerosis. The ACE inhibitor dramatically limited proteinuria and sclerosis. Despite equivalent SBP control with TRX, failure to control -PGC resulted in proteinuria and sclerosis comparable with the untreated rats. Thus unless -PGC is controlled, SBP control may be insufficient to prevent renal injury.
 ...
PMID:Antihypertensive therapy must control glomerular hypertension to limit glomerular injury. 355 75

We investigated the effect of captopril, an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on urinary protein excretion in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotic rats. The administration of captopril (10 mg/100 g body weight) decreased proteinuria on days 10-14 following the administration of puromycin aminonucleoside (73.0 versus 125.0 mg, p less than 0.01), without affecting glomerular filtration rate. The beneficial effect of captopril was not abolished by the continuous intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (10 micrograms/kg/h for 9 days) or subcutaneous injections of aprotinin (50,000 KIU/day for 3 days). Indomethacin, in moderate (5 mg/kg/day for 3 days) or high (10 mg/kg/day) doses, abolished the captopril attenuation in urinary protein excretion. The salutory effect of captopril was characterized by a reduction in the fractional excretion of protein without compromising the glomerular filtration rate. No difference in renal ultrastructure was noted in captopril-treated versus control animals. Captopril was ineffective in reducing urinary protein excretion in rats with adriamycin-induced glomerulopathy. We conclude that captopril acts to reduce proteinuria in renal disease states arising from depletion of the glomerular basement membrane polyanion. The mechanism of action is postulated to be an alteration in renal hemodynamics, namely increased blood flow and a decrease in the ultrafiltration coefficient, that are the consequence of increased intrarenal prostaglandin production.
 ...
PMID:The effect of captopril on urinary protein excretion in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. 389 1

We report the first comparative study on enalapril maleate, a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, in patients with uncomplicated mild to moderate essential hypertension. Fifty-four patients were randomly assigned to treatment with enalapril or propranolol for 16 weeks following a placebo run-in-phase. The study was double-blind. Enalapril and propranolol both reduced blood pressure, though the changes were significantly treated with enalapril were normotensive at the end of the study. Enalapril treatment was associated with a significant reduction in weight. Both drugs raised plasma potassium and urea. No haematological abnormalities occurred with enalapril and there were no reports of rash, taste disturbance or proteinuria. At the end of the trial the mean daily dose of enalapril was 20 mg and that of propranolol was 180 mg.
 ...
PMID:Enalapril in essential hypertension: a comparative study with propranolol. Enalapril in Hypertension Study Group (UK). 633 82

Captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was used to treat 25 patients with treatment-resistant hypertension of long duration. Seven patients had essential hypertension, 10 renovascular hypertension and 8 renoparenchymatous hypertension. All patients had GFR greater than 25 ml/min/1.73 m3 BSA. The acute blood-pressure-lowering response to the drug was shown to be dependent on the prevailing activity in the renin-angiotensin system. Its long-term effect was not correlated to the activation of the renin-angiotensin system as the mean blood-pressure decrease was not significantly different for high renin and normal renin patients (21 +/- 3% vs. 19 +/- 2%). All patients needed addition of diuretics and betablockers for optimum control. Nine patients have been well controlled for one year and several of them are now approaching two years' treatment. A few adverse effects were observed, including taste disturbances and increased proteinuria. The latter side effect occurred in two patients with decreased renal function and pre-existing proteinuria. Upon reduction of the dose the proteinuria returned to pre-treatment levels within a few months. We conclude that altogether 78% of these patients with treatment-resistant hypertension obtained greatly improved long-term blood-pressure control on treatment including captopril.
 ...
PMID:Captopril in treatment-resistant essential and renal hypertension. 676 60

Captopril, a competitive antagonist of angiotensin converting enzyme, has been marketed in the United States for the treatment of resistant hypertension. Despite extensive study, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear; decreased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathoadrenal system activity as well as increased bradykinin and prostaglandin E and F activity have been postulated. The drug decreases peripheral vascular resistance. Controlled trials in resistant hypertension of various etiologies and chronic congestive heart failure have demonstrated sustained effectiveness and therapeutic benefits. Side effects include skin rash, loss of taste, proteinuria, and leukopenia; higher doses and concomitant renal dysfunction appear to be predisposing factors. The benefit-to-risk ratio for captopril clearly justifies its use in resistant cases of hypertension and congestive heart failure, but further experience is needed to evaluate its use in milder forms of these diseases.
 ...
PMID:Captopril: clinical pharmacology and benefit-to-risk ratio in hypertension and congestive heart failure. 676 88

Captopril (SQ 14 225), an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, was evaluated in the treatment of primary (essential) hypertension in a placebo-controlled long-term study. In 24 patients allocated to captopril treatment, mean supine BP fell from 174 +/- 18/110 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 22/96 +/- 12 mmHg. Ten patients achieved a supine diastolic BP of less than or equally 90 mmHg with a mean BP fall of 28/22 mmHg after 4 weeks' captopril dose titration (75-450 mg daily). In 14 patients, BP fell 19/9 mmHg. When hydrochlorothiazide (50-100 mg daily) was subsequently added, a total supine BP reduction of 51/20 mmHg was noted. In the placebo control group (n = 16), BP changed +1/-2 mmHg from 171/110 mmHg while addition of hydrochlorothiazide caused a mean supine BP fall of 19/10 mmHg. During long-term follow-up (mean 11.8 months), no resistance to therapy developed. A weak correlation, (p less than 0.05) was seen between pretreatment plasma renin activity and initial captopril-induced BP reduction. However, in patients with clearly defined low renin hypertension, the hypotensive effect of captopril was much less than in patients with higher renin values. Captopril induced a significant decrease in urinary aldosterone excretion, which was partially reversed by addition of hydrochlorothiazide. Observed side-effects were proteinuria (1 case), rash (2 cases) and taste disturbances (3 cases). During long-term follow-up, seven patients have dropped out, four due to side-effects and three because of non-compliance.
 ...
PMID:Captopril, an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, in the treatment of primary hypertension. A controlled long-term study with reference to initial plasma renin activity. 701 95

The renal status of 38 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) has been investigated by the usual clinical tests, urine electrophoresis, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) determinations and in 4 cases by renal biopsy. Fourteen patients presented with proteinuria and/or a high serum creatinine and/or hypertension with low clearance values in all cases. In 14 other patients, an abnormality was apparent from clearance results (12 cases), renal biopsy (1), urine electrophoresis (1). The earliest sign of renal involvement that could be demonstrated was a reduced RPF and an elevated filtration fraction. Subsequently, a glomerular proteinuria with a electrophoretic pattern was observed as either the only sign (9 cases) or in association with abnormal clearance values (8 cases). The incidence of clinical renal involvement (proteinuria, renal failure, hypertension) ranged from 16 to 60%; 2/3 of patients who presented with proteinuria and hypertension died within 3 years. A mucoid thickening of intima and a fibrosis of adventitia in the proximal part of interlobar and arciform arteries, a fibrinoid necrosis in the distal part of lobular and preglomerular arteries are distinctive although inconstant features. The vascular lesions (seen in 70% of cases) and superimposed but reversible vasoconstriction, account for the decreased RPF. An effective control of blood pressure is mandatory; the therapeutic value of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition remains to be corroborated.
 ...
PMID:[The kidney in systemic scleroderma. A report of 38 consecutive cases ]. 712 5

The use of ACE-inhibitors has increased greatly during the last years. They were first used in treating hypertension, but nowadays cardiac diseases, mainly cardiac failure, are common indications. This means that the drugs are used in the treatment of more elderly patients who often have generalised atherosclerosis. This means that the patients must be controlled more often after initiation of treatment, especially concerning kidney function, since treatment with ACE-inhibitors can cause pronounced changes in renal haemodynamics and kidney function. This review focuses on the effects of ACE-inhibitors on renal haemodynamics and kidney function, which may be positive, with preservation of kidney function in diabetic and other chronic nephropathy, or negative, for example in cases with atherosclerotic stenosis of large or small renal arteries. It is concluded, that in cases of diabetic nephropathy an ACE-inhibitor is the "drug of choice" for treatment of hypertension. Furthermore the ACE-inhibitors seem to reduce the rate of deterioration of renal function and proteinuria in other kidney diseases. It is emphasized, that during treatment with ACE-inhibitors kidney function must be controlled before and following one to two weeks of treatment, if the dose is changed and in all cases following two to three months of treatment. Special attention should be given to patients with atherosclerotic manifestations e.g. angina.
 ...
PMID:[Renal function during treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]. 748 49


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10