Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1-N[(S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl]-kanamycin B (habekacin), a new aminoglycoside antibiotic found in 1973 was tested for its nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and prophylactic efficacy in 351 female rats. Increased urinary elimination of tubule cells and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) demonstrated tubulotoxicity even at the minimal dosage of 2.5 mg/kg/d. At high dosages (100 or 50 mg/kg/d) habekacin produced more tubule damage than dibekacin. At lower dosages (20, 10 or 5 mg/kg/d) both aminoglycosides showed similar effects. Additionally, possible glomerular lesions were found at high dosages (100 mg/kg/d) as indicated by proteinuria, CAF (cellulose acetate foil)-electrophoresis of the urinary protein and raised albumin/globulin ratio. - Pharmacological studies revealed serum concentrations similar to dibekacin, in renal tissue, however, the concentrations of habekacin were much higher than those of dibekacin. - In experimental E. coli pyelonephritis, 9 single doses of habekacin or dibekacin (5 mg/kg) given prophylactically reduced the bacterial counts significantly; a single dose of the antibiotics (5 mg/kg) was slightly effective.
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PMID:Habekacin: nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and prophylactic efficacy in rats. 391 52

The nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetic and therapeutic activity of fosfomycin were investigated in female wistar-rats. Measures of nephrotoxicity were urinary excretion of tubular cells and of the enzymes MDH, LDH, and GOT. Histological investigations and estimation of serum urea concentration and proteinuria were also evaluated. The doses of 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg/d were administered in 9 single doses with 12 hours interval. The lowest dose which induced a significantly increased tubular cell excretion was 1000 mg/kg/d and therefore in the same range as the tubulotoxic threshold doses of cephalosporins. Chemotherapy of the chronic estrogen induced pyelonephritis revealed equally favourable results for fosfomycin and cefuroxim at dosages of 2 X 150 mg/kg/d. The pharmacokinetics of fosfomycin at a single dose of 150 mg/kg/d were equivalent to those of cefuroxim. These animal experiments showed fosfomycin to be of value as a therapeutic alternative to cephalosporin antibiotics.
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PMID:[Fosfomycin: animal experiments on nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy (author's transl)]. 746 97