Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nephrotoxic effect of ionic and non-ionic contrast media was examined in a doubleblind study by evaluation of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine volume, urinary protein excretion and erythrocyturia before and after selective renovasography. In 19 of 22 patients reliable results were obtained. With optimal hydration before and after renovasography no significant differences between both administered contrast media (Rayvist 300 and Omnipaque 300) could be found by evaluation of the aforementioned parameters. In 3 patients with preexistent proteinuria (greater than 200 mg/l) urine protein excretion remained at the same or a lower level after application of the non-ionic contrast medium Omnipaque 300. Three patients with proteinuria tended to increase the proteinuria after administration of the ionic contrast medium (Rayvist 300) up to 48 h after angiography indicating a higher nephrotoxic potential of ionic contrast media in patients with preexistent renal disease. The constant values of urine volume and serum creatinine indicate an absence of clinically relevant nephrotoxicity of both contrast media in this study when administered in well-hydrated patients. This emphasizes the importance of sufficient hydration in prophylaxis of nephrotoxic effects, especially in patients with risk factors.
 ...
PMID:[Nephrotoxicity of ionic and nonionic contrast media in selective renovasography]. 352 Oct 47

The chemistry of low-osmolality contrast agents is reviewed, the effects of these agents on vascular and organ physiology are compared with the effects of conventional ionic contrast media, and guidelines for intravascular use of the low-osmolality agents in selected high-risk patients are presented. Three low-osmolality contrast agents, the nonionic media iohexol (Omnipaque, Winthrop-Breon) and iopamidol (Isovue, Squibb) and the dimeric medium ioxaglate meglumine-sodium (Hexabrix, Mallinckrodt) have recently been introduced into the contrast-media market. Compared with conventional ionic contrast media, these new agents demonstrate approximately one third of the osmolality per given iodine concentration (degree of roentgenographic opacification). Therefore, the risks of hyperosmolarity-induced reactions to contrast media are lower with the new agents. The low-osmolality agents may be associated with a reduced incidence of contrast-media-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Because of their lower osmolality, these agents produce less vessel dilation, vascular endothelial damage, and associated pain and discomfort than equi-iodine concentrations of the conventional ionic media. They also demonstrate a reduction in the incidence and severity of contrast-media-induced renal vasoconstriction and proteinuria, hemodynamic alterations, negative chronotropic effects, depression of myocardial contractility, and neurotoxicity in the presence of an altered blood-brain barrier. These low-osmolality agents produce fewer undesirable physiological effects than conventional contrast agents, but the cost of the new products can be more than 10 times as great. Therefore, the new products should be used selectively in patients known to be at increased risk for reactions to intravascular contrast media. A scoring system was developed to permit rapid recognition of documented single or multiple risk factors and subsequent determination of whether to administer a low-osmolality agent.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of intravascular low-osmolality contrast agents. 378 Jan 59