Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The chemistry of low-osmolality contrast agents is reviewed, the effects of these agents on vascular and organ physiology are compared with the effects of conventional ionic contrast media, and guidelines for intravascular use of the low-osmolality agents in selected high-risk patients are presented. Three low-osmolality contrast agents, the nonionic media iohexol (Omnipaque, Winthrop-Breon) and iopamidol (Isovue, Squibb) and the dimeric medium ioxaglate meglumine-sodium (Hexabrix, Mallinckrodt) have recently been introduced into the contrast-media market. Compared with conventional ionic contrast media, these new agents demonstrate approximately one third of the osmolality per given iodine concentration (degree of roentgenographic opacification). Therefore, the risks of hyperosmolarity-induced reactions to contrast media are lower with the new agents. The low-osmolality agents may be associated with a reduced incidence of contrast-media-induced hypersensitivity reactions. Because of their lower osmolality, these agents produce less vessel dilation, vascular endothelial damage, and associated pain and discomfort than equi-iodine concentrations of the conventional ionic media. They also demonstrate a reduction in the incidence and severity of contrast-media-induced renal vasoconstriction and proteinuria, hemodynamic alterations, negative chronotropic effects, depression of myocardial contractility, and neurotoxicity in the presence of an altered blood-brain barrier. These low-osmolality agents produce fewer undesirable physiological effects than conventional contrast agents, but the cost of the new products can be more than 10 times as great. Therefore, the new products should be used selectively in patients known to be at increased risk for reactions to intravascular contrast media. A scoring system was developed to permit rapid recognition of documented single or multiple risk factors and subsequent determination of whether to administer a low-osmolality agent.
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PMID:Evaluation of intravascular low-osmolality contrast agents. 378 Jan 59

The effect of the contrast medium Iopamidol/Iopamiro, Bracco (Milano) was studied in 31 patients via intravascular or intraarticular injection, as well as in experiments on dogs with 32 kidneys, employing selective angiography and histological examination. In all cases, we obtained good x-ray films showing plenty of detail, the patient tolerance being good. Blood pressure, pulse rate and UN, SGOT, and SeBi values did not show any significant change. In some cases we noticed a moderate proteinuria. In the animal experiments, the kidneys showed histological changes in two cases only which could be ascribed to the action of the contrast medium; however, even these changes were of a minimal nature and degree, and were reversible. Iopamidol was found to be a very favourable contrast medium as far as the kidneys are concerned.
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PMID:[Value of iopamidol in radiologic diagnosis]. 649 44