Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Total serum thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine index (FTI), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) binding capacity, serum albumin, alpha-globulins and urinary protein excretion were measured in 50 patients with chronic renal failure, but without nephrotic syndrome. 25 patients were undergoing chronic hemodialysis. T4 was within the normal range in most patients. There was a tendency to lower T4 values as compared to an age and sex-matched control group, but this did not reach statistical significance. TBG was normal in most patients. 4 patients showed elevated TBG concomitant with elevation of other alpha-globulins. Serum albumin was significantly decreased. No correlation existed between daily protein excretion and TBG or alpha-globulins, but the correlation between serum albumin and proteinuria was highly significant. T4 and proteinuria correlated with borderline significance. A highly significant correlation between T4 and TBG-albumin values was found. No correlation existed between FTI and TBG-albumin levels. The data suggest that T4 and TBG are normal in most patients with renal failure, even in the presence of significant proteinuria. Low T4 values, when found in renal insufficiency, may be secondary to low serum albumin and possibly prealbumin.
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PMID:Serum thyroxine and thyroxine-binding proteins in chronic renal failure without nephrosis. 80 56

Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratios and serum albumin concentrations were measured in 8 adult male dogs experimentally inoculated with Ehrlichia canis. Urinary protein concentration increased significantly, but transiently, during the acute phase of infection. Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratios were highest (mean, 8.6) during the third and fourth weeks after infection, and decreased to less than 0.5 by 6 weeks after infection. Correspondingly, albumin concentration decreased significantly during the acute phase. Serum albumin concentrations were lowest (mean, 2.1 g/dl) the fourth week after infection and increased to greater than 3.0 g/dl by 11 weeks after infection. There was an inverse linear correlation between urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio and serum albumin concentration. The magnitude of proteinuria and its inverse relationship with serum albumin concentration suggested that hypoalbuminemia associated with acute E canis infection may be attributable primarily to increased renal loss of protein, rather than decreased hepatic synthesis as previously suggested. Another dog was subsequently inoculated with E canis from 1 of the experimentally infected dogs and a renal biopsy was performed during peak proteinuria (urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio = 22 and serum albumin = 1.1 g/dl). Immunofluorescent staining revealed mild to moderate deposits of anti-canine IgM, and to a lesser extent, anti-canine IgG and complement factor C3 in the glomerular tufts and mesangium. Ultrastructural evaluation revealed distortion and fusion of podocyte foot processes and increased microvilli on podocytes. These morphologic changes were consistent with transient glomerular leakage of protein of a magnitude that would significantly contribute to hypoalbuminemia during acute E canis infection. An underlying immunologic mechanism was suggested by positive glomerular immunofluorescence and previously described histologic findings.
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PMID:Investigation of renal protein loss in dogs with acute experimentally induced Ehrlichia canis infection. 159 54

High dietary protein intake, in the past recommended for nephrotic syndrome, does not improve hypoproteinemia and may accelerate progressive renal damage. In contrast, low-protein diets reduce proteinuria and preserve renal function in experimental renal models of nephrotic syndrome. In this study, 20 steroid-resistant, nephrotic patients were treated with a pure vegetarian, low-protein diet, supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues (supplemented vegan diet, SVD) for 4.6 +/- 3.1 months. Before the study, these patients followed an unrestricted protein, low-sodium diet (LSD). Proteinuria, daily urea nitrogen excretion and creatinine clearance decreased significantly on SVD. A similar lowering effect of SVD was observed on serum total cholesterol. Seven of the 20 patients changed from LSD to SVD and vice-versa on 3 occasions, and in all cases, we found an increase of proteinuria during the LSD period. Serum albumin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and anthropometric measurements did not change on SVD. Our data suggest that SVD exerts a favorable effect on proteinuria and hypercholesterolemia in nephrotic patients, without inducing clinical or laboratory signs of malnutrition.
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PMID:A special, supplemented 'vegan' diet for nephrotic patients. 180 35

Thirteen patients (7 males, 6 females, aged 17-68 years) affected by primary, steroid-resistant, nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function were treated with a vegan, low-protein (0.7 g/kg per day) diet supplemented with essential amino acids and Ketoanalogues (VSD) for 3.9 +/- 2.9 months. These patients were studied at the beginning (following an unrestricted protein diet (UPD) supplying about 1 g/kg per day of mixed proteins) and at the end of VSD period. Urinary protein excretion decreased from 8.7 +/- 2.6 to 5.6 +/- 2.4 g/day (P less than 0.01), serum total cholesterol from 334.6 +/- 97.1 to 275.6 +/- 49.4 mg/dl (P less than 0.05). Serum albumin, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and anthropometric measurements (triceps skinfold thickness and middle arm muscle circumference) did not change. Urinary urea nitrogen decreased from 7.5 +/- 1.8 to 3.8 +/- 1.2 g/day (P less than 0.005), according to dietary prescriptions. Creatinine clearance changed from 104.4 +/- 28.7 to 89.3 +/- 16.7 ml/min (n.s.) and no correlation was found with the changes in urinary protein excretion. This data suggest that VSD reduces proteinuria and exerts favourable effects on hypercholesterolaemia. Protein malnutrition was absent in these patients, probably because of the essential amino acids and ketoanalogues supplementation.
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PMID:Vegan supplemented diet in nephrotic syndrome. 212 67

Nine patients with biopsy-proven primary focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis (FSHS) and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome were randomly allocated to either a period of 4-6 months of treatment (ciclosporin; (CS); 5-8 mg/kg/24 h and warfarin) or to a control period (warfarin alone) and then crossed over to the alternative for a further 4-6 months. Serum creatinine levels increased at a similar rate during treatment and control periods of observation. Serum albumin levels increased (p less than 0.05) and urinary protein excretion decreased (p less than 0.01) in association with the CS therapy compared to the control period of observation. No patient had complete resolution of the nephrotic syndrome. In primary FSHS, CS treatment is unlikely to produce complete resolution of nephrotic-range proteinuria but does significantly decrease urinary protein excretion.
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PMID:The effect of treatment of corticosteroid-resistant idiopathic (primary) focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis (focal glomerulosclerosis) with ciclosporin. 217 54

Radiation nephritis is the principle late toxicity seen after total body irradiation in barrier-maintained rats when hematologic toxicity is prevented by bone marrow transplantation. Renal dysfunction is observed for single doses as low as 7.5 Gy. Hepatic blood flow, as measured by indocyanine green clearance, is decreased after 8.5-9.5 Gy single-dose total body irradiation. Serum albumin levels are decreased after 9.5 Gy single-dose total body irradiation. Hypoalbuminemia is a symptom of hepatic damage, but can also be caused by renal damage or edema. No decrease in total serum protein is observed, indicating that proteinuria resulting from renal damage is not the cause of hypoalbuminemia. No edema and some dehydration are observed. These data indicate that hepatic damage as well as renal damage may be occurring after total body irradiation plus bone marrow transplantation. Animals given total body irradiation plus bone marrow transplantation show decreased tolerance to a wide variety of immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drugs, even when these drugs are given months after total body irradiation. Altered drug clearance after total body irradiation plus bone marrow transplantation is observed for cis-platinum, vincristine, and adriamycin. The increase in cis-platinum toxicity after total body irradiation plus bone marrow transplantation is caused by decreased renal drug clearance. The decrease in vincristine tolerance and the alterations in adriamycin and vincristine pharmacokinetics are caused by altered drug distribution after total body irradiation plus bone marrow transplantation. These results indicate that bone marrow transplant survivors may show altered clearance of, and decreased tolerance to, a wide variety of drugs that are used after bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Hepatic function and drug pharmacokinetics after total body irradiation plus bone marrow transplant. 226 63

A 10-year-old mentally retarded girl was sent to our hospital due to generalized edema, vomiting and poor appetite for several days. Serum albumin level was low, but no proteinuria was detected. Her stool was bulky and foul. Stool examination for parasite with formalin-ether concentration method revealed negative result. Trypsin activity test of stool revealed low trypsin activity as compared with normal specimen. Daily fecal fat exceeded upper normal limit. The diagnosis of giardiasis was confirmed by duodenal juice examination. Intestinal histology revealed mild shortening of the villi with increased mononuclear cell infiltration in the lamina propria. The daily stool amount decreased markedly after treatment with metronidazole 250 mg three times a day for 7 days. The edema subsided during the treatment. Serum albumin bevel returned to normal after the treatment. Giardiasis with malabsorption syndrome has often been overlooked in Taiwan. It is advised that in case of malabsorption syndrome giardiasis should be included in the list of differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Giardiasis with malabsorption syndrome: report of one case]. 227 67

1. Twelve patients with the nephrotic syndrome were prescribed for 4 week periods a normal protein diet (NPD) containing 1 g of protein/kg ideal body weight. They were then prescribed for further 4 week periods in random order diets with high (HPD) and low (LPD) protein contents, respectively 2.0 and 0.5 g/kg ideal body weight. 2. Compliance was confirmed by dietary history and measurement of urinary excretion. 3. Serum albumin was the same on all diets. Twenty-four hour urinary protein excretion increased progressively with increasing dietary protein (LPD 6.1 g. NPD 8.2 g. HPD 9.2 g). Recumbent plasma renin activity and serum phosphate were significantly increased on HPD (plasma renin activity: LPD 5.7, NPD 4.6, HPD 8.2 pmol of angiotensin I min-1 1(-1); serum phosphate: LPD 1.27, NPD 1.26, HPD 1.41 mmol/l). 4. There was no evidence of protein-induced hyperfiltration or hyperperfusion: 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetra-acetate and [125I]iodohippurate clearances were similar on all three diets. 5. Since proteinuria, increased plasma renin levels and hyperphosphataemia may contribute to progression of renal failure and because HPD did not improve hypoalbuminaemia, the use of HPD in the nephrotic syndrome should be abandoned. 6. Until it can be established that LPD, which is accompanied by the least proteinuria, does not, with long-term feeding, lead to malnutrition, NPD should be used in the treatment of the nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Effect of a high protein diet in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. 280 3

Evidence that glomerulosclerosis may be accelerated by high-protein diet and ameliorated by low-protein diet has led to debate concerning appropriate dietary recommendations in nephrotic syndrome. In this study, dietary protein was manipulated in a chronic, non-uraemic experimental model of nephrotic syndrome. Groups of 12 AS rats received 12, 24 or 48% protein diet after nephrotic syndrome was induced by adriamycin. Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after change of diet when all were normotensive and none were uraemic. Animals on 24 and 48% maintained initial body weight and had persistent nephrosis. There was renal hypertrophy and histology showed tubular casts, focal tubulo-interstitial injury and glomerulosclerosis. Animals on 48% diet had more renal hypertrophy and worse histological damage but no differences in other parameters compared to 24% diet. On a 12% protein diet animals lost 15 +/- 3% of initial body weight (from 221 +/- 6 to 188 +/- 6 g; p less than 0.001). There was less proteinuria (p less than 0.0001), and lower serum cholesterol (p less than 0.0001) and triglyceride (p less than 0.01). Serum albumin was not different but total protein was lower than on 24 and 48% diet (p less than 0.01). Renal histological damage, although less severe than on 48% diet, did not differ from 24% diet. There was fatty infiltration of the liver. In view of the effects of low-protein diet in this model of nephrotic syndrome, dietary protein restriction should be applied with caution in human nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Dietary protein manipulation in experimental nephrotic syndrome. 322 59

Urinary protein excretion and composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) change dramatically with age and sex. In this study, serum proteins were analyzed by electrophoresis in male and female SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive controls aged 5 to 80 weeks. Serum albumin concentrations of SHR were significantly higher than those of WKY at 5 (4.02 +/- 0.24 vs 3.60 +/- 0.25 g/dl) and 20 weeks (4.30 +/- 0.30 vs 3.77 +/- 0.31 g/dl) and significantly lower at 73-80 weeks (2.73 +/- 0.33 vs 3.45 +/- 0.34 g/dl). In addition, male SHR had significantly lower albumin levels than female SHR after 40 weeks of age. These differences may contribute to the development of hypertension and reflect the appearance of pathologic proteinuria in SHR. In spite of their differences in albumin concentrations, the fractional composition of serum protein from SHR and WKY were undistinguishable. All animals, regardless of strain or sex, manifested a significant decline in the relative amounts of albumin and low molecular weight protein and a significant increase in the relative amount of high molecular weight protein with increasing age. The etiology and significance of these age related changes in the fractional composition of serum protein are unknown, but they differ from the normal developmental pattern in humans.
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PMID:Age-related changes in serum proteins of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 326 24


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