Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunologic mechanisms of proteinuria were investigated in guinea pigs (GP) injected with sheep antiserum (NTS) to GP glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Linear deposition of sheep gamma 1 and gamma 2 IgG led to a prompt but transient (36 hr) increase in albumin excretion from control values of 0.026 +/- 0.013 mg/hr to maximal values of 26+/-12.1 mg/rh at six hours without detectable histologic or electron microscopic changes except for decreased staining for glomerular polyanion and epithelial cell foot process fusion. GBM permeability to anionic ferritin was not increased during proteinuria. Anti-GBM antibody deposits did not fix GP C3 or C4 in vivo or in vitro. NTS-induced proteinuria was the same in guinea pigs that were normal, greater than 95% depleted of C3 through C9, genetically deficient in C4, and depleted of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Prior administration of antihistamines, steroids, azathioprine, colchicine, indomethacin, heparin, aprotinin (Trasylol), and niridazole also failed to reduced proteinuria. Initial proteinuria subsided by 36 hr, did not recur despite linear deposition of GP gemma 1 and gemma 2 after day seven, and antibody to GMB-bound sheep globlin. In the GP nephrotoxic nephritis model, anti-GBM antibody deposits apparently mediate increased permeability to albumin by a currently undefined mechanism which is independent of complement, PMN, and other know mediators of inflammation.
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PMID:Complement-independent nephrotoxic nephritis in the guinea pig. 1 57

The central lipid abnormality in essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) is the lack of availability of arachidonic acid. To examine the role of total eicosanoid's biosyntheses in the pathology and pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis, EFAD was induced in weanling rats, which were then subjected to antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (NTS)-induced injury in adulthood. Glomerular dynamics (as assessed by micropuncture), quantitative histology, and eicosanoid generation rates were measured at two hours and two weeks post-NTS, and compared to those of standard diet-fed (STD) controls. Two hours post-NTS, and despite the occurrence of proteinuria in both EFAD and STD animals, glomerular dynamics were essentially normal in EFAD rats, whereas STD animals had reduced values for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow rate (RPF). At two weeks, severe histologic changes were observed in STD animals including mesangial and stalk hypercellularity, moderate sclerosis, and interstitial nephritis, coupled with heavy proteinuria and reduced GFR and RPF. In dramatic contrast, EFAD rats displayed totally normal glomerular structures and functions. In parallel, glomerular generation rates of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane A2 were suppressed markedly in EFAD rats. Thus, EFAD confers complete protection against the histopathologic and functional sequelae of immune-initiated injury in the glomerulus. The data suggest that the initial wave of complement-induced neutrophil infiltration (with resultant proteinuria) is not sufficient to perpetuate injury into the more destructive chronic phases. The results provide strong impetus for the design of more specific interventional therapies targeting the various enzymes and products of arachidonic acid metabolism in the attempts to control glomerular inflammation.
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PMID:Essential fatty acid deficiency normalizes function and histology in rat nephrotoxic nephritis. 161 38

Effect of exercise on rats with renal injury was studied. Nephritis was induced in rats by injection of anti-GBM antibody followed by ligation of a branch of the left renal artery after nephrectomy of the right kidney. Moderate daily treadmill exercise was forced on these experimental rats for ten weeks. Sedentary nephritic rats that received the same treatment described above served as controls. The sedentary nephritic rats suffered progressively increasing proteinuria during the time course of the experiment, whereas the nephritic rats with daily treadmill exercise experienced less proteinuria. Mild proteinuria was induced by daily treadmill exercise forced on non-nephritic rats that had received only nephrectomy of the right kidney, but no NTS injection. Light microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed severe glomerular injury in the sedentary nephritic rats, however, less glomerular injury was seen in nephritic rats with treadmill exercise. Serum cholesterol level was higher in the sedentary rats than in the rats with daily treadmill exercise. The results suggest that daily exercise by nephritic rats will not aggravate renal injury.
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PMID:[Effect of exercise on rats with renal injury]. 163 31

Two types of experimental GN induced by immunological procedures. Heymann-type AIC-GN and NTN, were treated with anticoagulant agents. Dipyridamole, aspirin, ticlopidine or batroxobin was administered either to rats with AIC-GN for 14 to 28 days or to NTN rats 2 days prior to injection with NTS and 14 to 21 days thereafter. A significant decrease in the amount of urinary protein was observed only in rats treated with 12.5 to 50.0 mg/kg dipyridamole daily, whereas no significant decrease in proteinuria was observed in either AIC-GN or NTN rats treated with the other agents. Histopathologically, no improvement in the light and electron microscopic findings was noted in AIC-GN rats treated with these agents, even with dipyridamole. On the other hand, in NTN rats, light and electron microscopic study of the kidneys from rats sacrificed 30 to 60 min after NTS injection revealed that platelet aggregation and inflammatory changes in the glomeruli were remarkable reduced in rats pretreated with 56.4 mg/kg aspirin or 50.0 mg/tg triclopidine daily, but no difference in the renal lesions between rats treated with aspirin or triclopidine and control animals were observed 2 weeks after NTS injection. No histological improvement was observed in rats pretreated with dipyridamole. It would be reasonable to conclude from these results that the favorable effect of dipyridamole on proteinuria is not related to its antiplatelet activity and that platelet aggregation is not essential to the development of renal lesions in rat AIC-GN and NTN. (J Lab Clin Med 99:428, 1982.)
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PMID:Effects of various antiplatelet drugs and defibrinating agent on experimental glomerulonephritis in rats. 646 69

1 The effects of aspirin, prednisolone, and indomethacin on nephrotoxic serum nephritis in rats was studied. The nephritis was induced by a single intravenous injection of nephrotoxic serum (NTS, rabbit anti-serum against the water-soluble renal antigen of the rat). The injection of NTS induced the heterologous phase of proteinuria (within a day after NTS injection) and then the autologous phase (5 to 7 days after NTS injection). The effect of drugs given before the NTS (i.e. prophylactically) or after the NTS (i.e. therapeutically) was investigated. 2 Aspirin, which was given orally at doses of 150 and 250 mg/kg daily from the day before NTS injection, suppressed the development of proteinuria in both the heterologous and the autologous phase, and lowered the serum cholesterol level towards the normal level. Aspirin (250 mg/kg daily, orally) had no significant effect against the established proteinuria in the autologous phase. 3 Prednisolone, which was given orally at doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg daily from the day before NTS injection, elevated the proteinuria in the heterologous phase, while inhibiting the development of proteinuria in the autologous phase. Prednisolone (5 mg/kg daily, orally) was ineffective against established proteinuria in the autologous phase. 5 Indomethacin (3 mg/kg daily, orally) did not exert any significant effect on proteinuria in either the heterologous or the autologous phase.
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PMID:Effects of aspirin, prednisolone and indomethacin on nephrotoxic serum nephritis in the rat. 707 88

The venous system plays a pivotal role in volume and blood pressure homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that the visco-elastic properties of the peripheral venous system are reduced in patients with (incipient) diabetic nephropathy. Twenty-two normotensive patients with long-term insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 11 without and 11 with (incipient) nephropathy (eight microalbuminuria and three proteinuria, serum creatinine below 100 mumol l-1), and 14 healthy age/sex matched controls were studied. Forearm venous compliance (VENCOMP) was determined using strain gauge plethysmography and direct intravenous pressure measurements. Furthermore, the venodilatory effect of 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) was studied. In comparison with healthy controls, VENCOMP was decreased in patients without and with (incipient) nephropathy, without any differences between the two diabetic groups: 0.059 (0.052-0.066), 0.044 (0.038-0.059) and 0.049 (0.046-0.058) ml 100 ml-1 mmHg-1, respectively (medians and interquartile ranges) (P < 0.05). No differences in the increase of forearm volume after NTG were observed: 0.34 (0.11-0.51), 0.37 (0.19-0.50) and 0.39 (0.20-0.55) ml 100 ml-1, respectively. In conclusion, the visco-elastic properties of the peripheral venous system are reduced in patients with long-term IDDM. This reduction is not related to the presence of nephropathy. No major differences were observed in NTG-induced venodilation between diabetic patients and healthy subjects.
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PMID:Venous compliance and the venodilatory effect of nitroglycerin in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without (incipient) nephropathy. 795 90

In patients without significant cardiovascular disease, the hemodynamic effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane are similar; however, the hemodynamic effects of sevoflurane in patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease are unknown. To examine the effects of sevoflurane in comparison to isoflurane in this high-risk population, 214 patients scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled if they had evidence of ischemic heart disease or multiple risk factors for ischemic heart disease. Patients were randomly assigned to receive sevoflurane (n = 106) or isoflurane (n = 108) for anesthetic maintenance in conjunction with fentanyl and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Deviations in arterial blood pressure or heart rate of more than 20% from preinduction values that persisted after adjustment of the volatile anesthetic concentration were treated with intravenous phenylephrine, ephedrine, nitroglycerin, atropine, or esmolol as needed. Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine protein were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 24 and 48 h postoperatively. For analysis, patients were divided into those with and those without the diagnosis of chronic hypertension. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure responses to sevoflurane and isoflurane were not different for the patients with or without chronic hypertension. Neither anesthetic was associated with a more frequent treatment for hemodynamic deviation. After surgery, creatinine and BUN decreased in both the sevoflurane and isoflurane groups without significant differences between groups. The incidence of post-operative proteinuria was similar in the sevoflurane and isoflurane groups. We conclude that hemodynamic stability in patients with hypertension and ischemic heart disease is similar with sevoflurane and isoflurane. No differences in renal function were observed between the sevoflurane and isoflurane groups.
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PMID:The hemodynamic and renal effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic hypertension. Sevoflurane Ischemia Study Group. 863 84

The role of superoxide in adriamycin-induced nephropathy (single dose; i.v. 3 mg/kg) has been studied by blocking superoxide synthesis through the administration of allopurinol (500 mg/L in drinking water). In Experiment I (EI), allopurinol administration was started 3 days prior to nephropathy induction and continued until day 14. In Experiment II (EII) allopurinol administration was started 2 weeks after nephropathy induction and was maintained until the end of the experiment (26 weeks). Affected glomeruli frequency and tubulointerstitial lesion index (TILI) were determined at Weeks 2 and 4 (EI) and Week 26 (EII). In EI, the 24 h mean proteinuria in the nephrotic control group (NCG-I) differed from that of the treated nephrotic group (TNG-I) at Week 1 (TNG = 33.3 +/- 6.39 mg/24 h; NCG = 59.8 +/- 6.3 mg/24 h; p < 0.05) and 2 (NCG-I = 80.0 +/- 17.5 mg/24 h; TNG-I = 49.1 +/- 8.4 mg/24 h; p < 0.05). No glomerular alterations were observed and TILI medians were not different in both nephrotic groups at week 2 (NCG-I = 1+: TNG = 1+) and 4 (NCG = 4+; TNG = 4+). In EII, NCG-II and TNG-II presented different 24 h proteinuria values only at Week 6, (136.91 +/- 22.23 mg/24 h and 72.66 +/- 10.72 mg/24 h, respectively; p < 0.05). Between nephrotic groups, there was no statistical difference in the median of affected glomeruli (CNG-II = 56%; TNG-II = 48%) and TILI (NCG-II = 8+; TNG-II = 9+). Thus, allopurinol was associated with a transient reduction in proteinuria and it did not alter the progression of the nephropathy.
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PMID:Effect of allopurinol in the course of adriamycin induced nephropathy. 1008 75

The effect of ticlopidine on rats with adriamycin nephropathy was observed during 26 weeks. In the ticlopidine-treated nephrotic animals (TNG), proteinuria was less than in the untreated nephrotic animals (NG), but this difference was significant only at week 6 (TNG = 47.27 +/- 16.52 versus NG = 100.08 +/- 13.83 mg/24 h, p < 0.01) and week 26 (TNG = 157.00 +/- 28.73 versus NG = 217.00 +/- 21.73 mg/24 h, p < 0.01) after ADR injection. NG presented severe tubulointerstitial abnormalities with a tubulointerstitial lesion index of 3+. No difference in glomerular lesions was observed among the groups (NG median = 6%, TNG median = 4% and TCG median = 2%). The tubulointerstitial lesion index of TNG was less intense (median = 2+) but not different from those of the control groups (CG median = 1+; TCG median = 0+) nor NG (median = 3+). We concluded that the treatment with ticlopidine produced some partially beneficial effects but did not prevent the development of adriamycin-induced nephropathy.
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PMID:Role of ticlopidine on adriamycin-induced nephropathy. 1051 90

We have previously demonstrated that 3-month-old rats submitted to 50% intrauterine food restriction showed a decreased number of nephrons with increased glomerular diameter, a fact that suggests compensatory hypertrophy. In the present study, we extended the investigation and performed serial blood pressure measurements and renal function evaluation in 8- and 12-week-old rats submitted to 50% intrauterine food restriction (groups R8 and R12) and in age-matched control rats (groups C8 and C12). After weaning, six to eight animals from each group received oral supplements of 2% L-arginine ( L-arg) solution for 4 or 8 weeks (groups CA8, CA12, RA8, RA12). Our findings showed that mean blood pressure (MBP), which was significantly increased from 8 weeks on in R rats, markedly decreased after L-arg supplementation. In control animals, no alterations in MBP were observed with L-arg. Proteinuria was within normal limits in all groups studied but L-arg caused a significant decrease in this parameter in both the RA8 and RA12 groups. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR, ml/min per kg) was significantly decreased in the C8 control group (3.75+/-0.12) and in both restricted groups R8 and R12, (2.47+/-0.13 and 3.76+/-0.16, respectively) compared with the C12 group (6.09+/-0.31; P<0.05 for all comparisons). L-Arg caused an increase in GFR only in the younger groups, C8 and R8. In a separate set of experiments, acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation was examined in mesenteric arteries. The R12 group showed a significant impairment of the response to ACh, which returned to normal values after L-arg supplementation. Urinary excretion of NO(x) (NO3- + NO2-) was significantly decreased in 8- and 12-week-old food-restricted rats relative to control rats. Our data indicate that, besides the known decrease in absolute nephron number, disturbances in the production/sensitivity to the L-arg-nitric oxide system may contribute to the early appearance of hypertension in the offspring of mothers submitted to significant food restriction.
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PMID:L-Arginine effects on blood pressure and renal function of intrauterine restricted rats. 1237 17


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