Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The visceral glomerular epithelium of rats made nephrotic by daily injections of puromycin aminonucleoside was examined from the time of onset of proteinuria (day 6) to the time when many animals die (day 15) in order to establish the chronology of the pathologic alterations which occur during the course of the disease. In addition, the structure of the residual epithelial slits was examined using special fixatives and freeze-fracture. Changes seen early in the disease (7 to 9 days) are: (1) a reduction in the number of foot processes and filtration slits; (2) occurrence of occluding junctions in many of the residual slits coupled with displacement of the slit diaphragms; (3) thinning of the dense central portion of the basement membrane (lamina densa) with a corresponding widening of the space (lamina rara externa) between it and the epithelium; (4) heightened epithelial pinocytosis with increased numbers of protein absorption droplets or lysosomes. In freeze-fracture preparations the occluding junctions were seen to be limited in extent and made up of only a few strands, indicating they are incomplete and represent occluding maculae or fasciae rather than zonulae. Later on in the disease (10 to 15 days) no further changes in the number or arrangement of slits is evident, but other alterations occur: (1) denuded regions of basement membrane are seen where there is initially partial and eventually complete detachment of the epithelium from the basement membrane; (2) increasing numbers of large vacuoles or phagosomes and decreasing numbers of fully condensed lysosomes are present; and (3) basement membrane-like material is seen in the spaces between the partially detached epithelium and basement membrane. The new findings in this study are: (1) the clarification of early (reversible) versus late (probably irreversible) changes in the glomerular epithelium in a acute aminonucleoside nephrosis; (2) delineation of the structure of the residual epithelial slits; (3) the description of progressive loosening of the attachment between the epithelium and the basement membrane leading to focal or complete epithelial cell detachment; (4) the presentation of evidence indicating that exhaustion of the lysosomal system of the glomerular epithelium (in protein absorption and concentration) occurs late in the disease. The available evidence is summarized and indicates that the glomerular basement membrane, the main glomerular filter, is defective in aminonucleoside nephrosis and allows increased protein leakage. However, it seems likely that the main site of action of aminonucleoside is on the epithelium leading to the production of defective basement membrane.
 ...
PMID:Alterations of the glomerular epithelium in acute aminonucleoside nephrosis. Evidence for formation of occluding junctions and epithelial cell detachment. 124 24

It was examined the physical fitness of 165 male laborer with a special respect to their physical performance. The research covered other factors, as well such as the somatic and circulatory parameters, the maximal oxygen uptake estimated by Astrand, i.e. the aerobe metabolism, the activity and the fitness of the nervous system, the possible proteinuria following loading, the health condition of the examined persons and also certain other factors concerning their way of life. On the basis of the results, the authors established that with the major share of the examined labourers (nine percent of them) it was impossible to carry out the exercises because of contraindication, and in the case of 46 percent the exercises had to be interrupted because of occurring of certain symptoms and exhaustion. The physical performance was unfavourably affected by the fact that the relative majority of the examined persons are overweight, and the lungs function, especially the MVV-value does not reach the predicted level. Only 32 percent has the optimal body weight, while 20-26 percent is overweight. The MVV-value is under the predicted level in the case of 67-76 percent. The estimated relative aerobe capacity reached 84-86 percent of the predicted value with those whose physical performance is moderate. The authors evaluated the accomplished examinations individually as well and summarized them in records of examination. The records were distributed among the factory medical consultants who applied them effectively in the health provision of the examined persons.
 ...
PMID:[Physiological characteristics of the health status of workers performing physical labor]. 185 38

Exercise performance, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and urinary filtration of proteins during static pool rowing and cycling to exhaustion were studied in trained rowers. The peak VO2 and heart rate were higher during rowing than during cycling. There was a reduction in plasma volume and an increase in lactate concentration after exercise; however, no significant difference was noted between rowing and cycling in either case. Postexercise proteinuria was increased 8 and 11 times, and albuminuria 25 and 20 times after rowing and cycling exercises, respectively. There was no difference between these exercises in terms of protein or albumin excretion. There was no change in postexercise GFR. Albumin clearance was increased 18 and 20 fold after rowing and cycling, respectively. A significant, but low correlation, r = 0.56, was noted between albumin excretion and postexercise blood lactate concentration. Thus, no difference in the effect on kidney response was found between static pool rowing and cycling to exhaustion in these athletes.
 ...
PMID:Postexercise proteinuria in rowers. 238 16

Fourteen trained males participated in three sets of progressive 1 min exercise till exhaustion comparing proteinuria after bicycling, treadmill running under barefoot and air-cushion shoe conditions. Venous lactate rose to about 11 moles.l-1 after the three bouts of exercise while total protein and albumin urinary excretion increased 7 (rest micrograms.min-1) and 19 (rest 11 micrograms.min-1) fold respectively. Creatinine clearance declined to 75% (88 ml.min-1) of the resting values for all three exercises. Albumin clearances increased from 0.24 microliter.min-1 at rest to 4.08 microliters.min-1 during the recovery period. None of the above values were statistically different while comparing the three protocols. On the contrary, plasma hemoglobin showed a significant rise with bare-footed-running (rest 10 mg.100 ml-1; exercise 21 mg.100 ml-1). The lack of hemoglobin in urine postulated that the renal threshold for excretion was not attained in the present conditions. The results indicate that haemolysis and repeated shocks on the foot sole do not lead to the urinary excretion of proteins induced by short-term progressive and exhaustive exercise in humans.
 ...
PMID:The influence of air-cushion shoes on post-exercise proteinuria. 263 50

To determine whether protein excretion during exercise is an earlier sign of renal dysfunction in diabetic adolescents than the basal measurements, urinary creatinine, total proteins, albumin, and beta 2-microglobulin were studied before, immediately after, and 30 min after exercise until exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer in a group of 21 adolescent diabetic boys (Albustix negative) and in a comparable control group. Among the 21 diabetic subjects, 11 had an incipient retinopathy diagnosed by fluorescein angiography. Urinary output of creatinine was similar in diabetic and in nondiabetic groups, and did not vary during exercise. At rest, the urinary output of total proteins, albumin, and beta 2-microglobulin was significantly higher in diabetic subjects than in controls. These data suggest that the subclinical proteinuria of diabetes is of mixed origin, being both glomerular and tubular. An exercise test leading to exhaustion did not give any additional information other than the basal excretion. There was no difference between diabetic subjects with early retinal vascular changes and those free from all retinopathy.
 ...
PMID:Urinary excretion of total proteins, albumin, and beta 2-microglobulin during rest and exercise in diabetic adolescents with and without retinopathy. 676 13

In female patient, aged 41, 3 years ago appeared skin changes of urticarial type, and occasional pain in the joints of shoulders and hands, followed by complete weakness and exhaustion, as well as the occurrence of face and eyelid edema. Laboratory findings confirmed the presence of hypocomplentemia with proteinuria, microhematuria and cylindruria. Histopathologic (HP) finding of skin biopsy was leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and HP finding of the kidneys was mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. The regression of skin changes was observed during hospitalization after Dapsone was administered. The therapy started with corticosteroids (Prednisone 40 mg/day with weekly dose from 5 mg to 30 mg). In spite of the therapy, hypocomplementemia and proteinuria up to 335 mg/24 h have maintained for a year in the later controls in an outpatient department. The patient is without discomfort, and renal function is stable.
 ...
PMID:[Urticarial vasculitis--a syndrome with low complement levels and secondary glomerulopathy]. 1064 62

The investigation was designed to analyse the mechanism of the protein transport on the basis of the estimation of ultrastructural organization of the epithelium of proximal convoluted tubules of kidneys of the children, suffering from the nephritic form of glomerulonephritis for a long time. It was established that high tubular proteinuria (from 0.33 to 6.6 g/l) causes many changes in apical, central and basal parts of epithelial cells as well as in intercellular spaces. It was stated that massive proteinuria provoked adaptive processes in epithelial cells of proximal tubules. At the same time signs of exhaustion of adaptive capacities of proximal nephrocytes were demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:[Ultrastructural characteristics of reactive changes in the epithelium of the kidney proximal tubules in massive proteinuria in children]. 1153 47

Temporary proteinuria occurring after exercise is a common finding, and it is explained predominantly by alterations in renal hemodynamics. In this study, we investigated whether nitric oxide (NO), which is known to have an effect on renal hemodynamics and to increase during exercise, has a role in postexercise proteinuria. In the first step of this study, the effect of acute NO synthase blockage on exercise proteinuria was evaluated. The urinary protein levels in animals that performed acute exhaustive treadmill running exercise were considerably elevated compared with the control animals. Significantly elevated urinary protein levels were also detected in animals that received Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester before exhaustion, compared with both control and exhausted groups, and mixed-type proteinuria was detected in electrophoresis, as in all exhausted animals. In the second step of the study, a NO donor (isosorbide mononitrate) was given to rats 1 h before exhaustive exercise. Mixed-type proteinuria and the elevation in urinary protein levels that occur as a consequence of exhaustive exercise were prevented by NO donor treatment. Finally, in the third step of our study, a calcium channel blocker (diltiazem), another vasodilator, was applied to the rats 1 h before exhaustive exercise. Urinary protein levels were not different in exhausted rats with or without calcium channel blocker treatment. On the other hand, in both groups, urinary protein levels were higher than in the control group. The tail-cuff blood pressure alterations caused by vasodilator drug applications before exercise were not different for NO donor and calcium channel blocker groups. These results suggest that endogenous NO might prevent the postexercise proteinuria from becoming more severe by affecting hemodynamic changes that occur during exercise.
 ...
PMID:Effect of nitric oxide on exercise-induced proteinuria in rats. 1287 70

The aim of this study was to estimate the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS -thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in serum and in renal cortex, and erythrocytes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in blood during the development of experimental acute glomerulonephritis. Total antioxidant capacity of plasma and some of plasma nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as total protein level and uric acid were also measured. Acute glomerulonephritis was induced by intravenous injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in rabbits, at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Blood and tissues for analysis were taken from animals on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th day after antigen administration. Morphologic changes in kidneys were verified by light and electron microscope. Injection of the BSA resulted in diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with transient proteinuria with peak on the 8th day after antigen administration. Morphological alterations were associated with marked increase of TBARS in serum (on the 2nd, 4th, and 12th day) and renal cortex (on the 2nd, 4th and 8th day). In immunized rabbits we observed an increase in SOD activity (after 8 and 12 days of BSA injection). Activity of GPx was elevated throughout the observation period. We also noted an exhaustion of nonenzymatic antioxidants in plasma expressed as the decrease of total plasma antioxidant capacity (on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th day), uric acid and total plasma protein level (8th day). We conclude, that during development of experimental acute glomerulonephritis, oxidative stress occurs which manifests as an increase of lipid peroxidation products, changes in antioxidant enzymes and exhaustion of nonenzymatic scavengers. The oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may contribute in the development of pathogenic changes in this model of glomerulonephritis.
 ...
PMID:[Oxidative stress in experimental acute glomerulonephritis]. 1551 20

An important explanatory theory for the mechanism of postexercise proteinuria is that angiotensin II could be inhibited by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Because of the kininase effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme, it is unclear whether the kallikrein-kinin system contributes to the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on postexercise proteinuria. The aim of this study was to evaluate any possible involvement of the kallikrein-kinin system in the therapeutic effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on postexercise proteinuria. We evaluated urinary protein levels in exhausted rats receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) or an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist (losartan). Enalapril (30 mg/kg/day, two days) or losartan (20 mg/kg/day, two days) were given to animals using an intragastric catheter. Urinary protein levels increased (41 %) in rats which were exhausted via treadmill running (p < 0.05). In animals that received drug treatment (enalapril or losartan), but did not exercise to exhaustion, urinary protein levels were not different from the control group. Urinary protein levels were found to be significantly lower (p < 0.05) in animals which performed acute exhaustive exercise after enalapril or losartan administration, compared to rats which were exhausted without drug administration. Inhibition of postexercise proteinuria by either enalapril or losartan suggested that angiotensin II plays an important role in postexercise proteinuria, however, it appears the kallikrein-kinin system is not involved in angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors effect.
 ...
PMID:Angiotensin II inhibition attenuates postexercise proteinuria in rats. 1623 14


1 2 Next >>