Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Total serum thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine index (FTI), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) binding capacity, serum albumin, alpha-globulins and urinary protein excretion were measured in 50 patients with chronic renal failure, but without nephrotic syndrome. 25 patients were undergoing chronic hemodialysis. T4 was within the normal range in most patients. There was a tendency to lower T4 values as compared to an age and sex-matched control group, but this did not reach statistical significance. TBG was normal in most patients. 4 patients showed elevated TBG concomitant with elevation of other alpha-globulins. Serum albumin was significantly decreased. No correlation existed between daily protein excretion and TBG or alpha-globulins, but the correlation between serum albumin and proteinuria was highly significant. T4 and proteinuria correlated with borderline significance. A highly significant correlation between T4 and TBG-albumin values was found. No correlation existed between FTI and TBG-albumin levels. The data suggest that T4 and TBG are normal in most patients with renal failure, even in the presence of significant proteinuria. Low T4 values, when found in renal insufficiency, may be secondary to low serum albumin and possibly prealbumin.
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PMID:Serum thyroxine and thyroxine-binding proteins in chronic renal failure without nephrosis. 80 56

Proteinuria is supposedly a frequent and early manifestation of glomerulonephritis. Since albuminuria rather than proteinuria is the hallmark of glomerular disease, the present studies were designed to study the occurrence of albuminuria in normal mice (SWR/J strain) and in mice with a reproducible and predictable immune complex glomerulonephritis induced by chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus. A radial immunodiffusion technique, specific for mouse albumin, was employed to quantify the albuminuria. Column chromatography of concentrated urine obtained from normal and nephritic mice demonstrated that albumin excreted in the urine had the same molecular weight as serum albumin and that identifiable fragments of albumin did not appear in the urine. Some albuminuria did occur in normal mice, 0.12 +/- SD. 0.13 mg. per 18 hours for 80 males and 0.13 +/- 0.09 mg. per 18 hours for 55 females. Increased albuminuria, defined as values greater than a normal mean + 2 S.D. (0.40 mg. per 18 hours) occurred in only 25 per cent of nephritic mice, although in more than 600 animals studied, immunofluorescent microscopy invariably demonstrated abnormal accumulation of immune complexes in the glomeruli of SWR/J mice chronically infected with LCM virus. Values of total proteinuria measured by the sulfosalicylic acid method did not correlate with radial immunodiffusion measured albuminuria. The results indicate that measurement of total proteinuria in mice is not a useful parameter of glomerular disease. Albuminuria, while increased in 25 per cent of nephritic animals, was not abnormal even in the presence of marked histologic alterations in 75 per cent of mice, suggesting that abnormal immunopathology may very commonly not be reflected in increased or pathologic albuminuria. Recent observations also suggest that this is the case in humans.
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PMID:Studies of abluminuria and proteinuria in normal mice and mice with immune complex glomerulonephritis. 81 41

We combined the use of a concentrating device (Minicon) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate to semi-quantitate the concentration of (a) the collective low-molecular-weight proteins and (b) of albumin excreted in the urine of patients after renal transplantation. Analytical recovery of many serum proteins from samples concentrated 100-fold in the Minicon apparatus was about 70%. It was possible to examine many urine samples by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after concentration with this device. The reproducibility (CV) of the technique was on the order of 20% when albumin and low-molecular-weight protein were in about equal concentration. The method was adequate to differntiate glomerular and tubular proteinuria, because in glomerular proteinuria the ratio of albumin to low-molecular-weight proteins is about 20/1, whereas in tubular proteinuria the ratio is about 1/1.
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PMID:Method for measuring the concentration of urinary proteins according to their molecular size category. 81 76

Using an automated immunoprecipitin reaction, the urinary excretion of albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, IgM, IgG, IgA, free lambda and kappa light chains from immunoglobulin, lysozyme and beta2-microglobulin has been investigated in 40 long-term bilaterally nephrectomized renal transplant patients. The excretion of the proteins, except lysozyme, was significantly increased in 21 of the paitents with Albustix-negative urine. In patients with glomerulonephritis prior to the transplantation, the excretion of albumin, transferrin, and IgG was significantly increased compared with the other patients. The IgM excretion was significantly increased in patients who had received C and D matches compared with those with A and B matches. Patients with severe surgical complications in the postoperative period had a tubular proteinuria, and in patients surviving more than 60 months after transplantation the excretion of several proteins was significantly increased compared with patients surviving less than 60 months.
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PMID:The urinary excretion of ten plasma proteins in long-term renal transplant patients. 81 72

Ninety-seven patients with light chain disease (LCD) were studied. The median survival from diagnosis was 30 mo for 52 patients with kappa-LCD and 10 mo for 45 patients with lambda-LCD (p less than 0.0007). A lower proportion of kappa-LCD patients (15.7%) than lambda-LCD patients (42.2%) died within the first 6 mo after diagnosis. The survival of the remaining patients with kappa-LCD was still much longer than of those with lambda-LCD (p = 0.022). The shorter survival of lambda-LCD patients could not be ascribed to an increased incidence of recognized manifestations indicating a poor prognosis (e.g., anemia, hypercalcemia, azotemia, low albumin, the extent of osteolytic lesions, or proteinuria), the incidence of amyloidosis, the clinical stage of the disease at diagnosis, or the response to treatment, and remains unexplained. A comparison of the clinical manifestations of LCD with those of other myelomas revealed some differences. LCD patients were slightly younger than IgA and IgG patients but older than IgD patients. A 1:1 ratio of males to females was similar to the ratios in IgA and IgG myeloma, but differed from the 3:1 ratio reported for IgD myeloma. Plasma-cell leukemia developed in 7/97 LCD patients, an incidence that was higher than has been reported in other myelomas. The initial BUN was more than or equal to 30 mg/100 ml in 54 of 95 LCD patients, an incidence that was higher than has been reported for IgA and IgG myeloma, but lower than the incidence in IgD myeloma. The incidence of amyloidosis in LCD (23 of 97 patients) was similar to that reported for IgA and IgG myeloma, but less than the incidence in IgD myeloma.
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PMID:Kappa and lambda light chain disease: survival rates and clinical manifestations. 82 Mar 87

Intraperitoneal injection of bovine albumin in rats readily induces proteinuria. It is already known that this proteinuria is accompanied by ultrastructural and enzyme changes in the glomeruli. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether these phenomena were associated with an increased glomerular protein synthesis or, more specifically, with an increased glomerular basement membrane (GBM) synthesis. Young rats were made proteinuric by the injection of bovine albumin. Their glomeruli were isolated by the sieve technique and incubater either with [U-14C]proline or with [U-14C]leucine and [U-14C]tyrosine. Control incubations were run with normal glomeruli. Glomerular proteins were hydrolyzed and analyzed for amino acid composition and radioactivity. Specific activities of all three amino acids were always higher in proteinuric glomeruli, but there was no difference in the ratio 14C-hydroxyproline/14C-proline. The similar increase in incorporation of the three amino acids must result from an increased synthesis of different cellular proteins and cannot be considered as a preferential increase in GBM synthesis.
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PMID:Glomerular protein synthesis in proteinuric rats. 83 65

Ultrastructural changes in the visceral epithelium and proximal tubules of rats were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy during the onset and progression of puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN)-induced proteinuria. These changes were compared with those that occur during a similar degree of proteinuria induced by intraperitoneal injections of albumin. With the onset of proteinuria and oliguria, PAN rats exhibit loss of podocyte pedicels and podocyte major processes, an increase in pinocytotic activity, and an accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and granules of variable size, shape, and electron density. Loss of podocyte pedicels involves a gradual decrease in pedicel height beginning at the pedicel tip and progressing down the pedicel arm, formation of nublike protrusions and interpedicel microbridges (35 to 45 nm. in width and 40 to 60 nm. in length) along the pedicel's base, the merging of microbridges to form more extensive regions of interpedicel contact, and a gradual broadening and retraction of pedicels. In response to hyperalbuminemia-induced proteinuria, kidney podocytes exhibit reactions during PAN, however, the podocyte pedicels, slit pores, and major processes of rats with hyperalbuminemia-induced proteinuria remain discrete. The loss of pedicels and major processes during PAN, therefore, apparently results from the effects of puromycin aminonucleoside per se rather than from the proteinuria associated with this disease. The proximal tubules of rats with hyperalbuminemia-induced proteinurea exhibit the same characteristic changes as PAN rat proximal tubules (i.e., loss of brush border, dilated lumina, abnormally thin walls, and accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff positive electron-dense luminal casts and cytoplasmic protein absorption droplets). The significance of these ultrastructural findings during PAN and hyperalbuminemia-induced proteinurea are discussed in terms of the etiology of PAN.
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PMID:A scanning and transmission electron microscopic comparison of puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis to hyperalbuminemia-induced proteinuria with emphasis on kidney podocyte pedicel loss. 83 33

1. In four patients with nephrotic syndrome indomethacin not only reduced proteinuria but also inhibited the natriuretic effect of high doses of frusemide. 2. The inhibition of natriuresis by indomethacin could not be antagonized by albumin infusions. 3. Only the combined use of spironolactone and frusemide induced a natriuresis during indomethacin treatment. Spironolactone alone was ineffective. 4. It is suggested that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin, in the presence of a stimulated renin-angiotensin system and hyperaldosteronism, may cause this strong tendency to sodium retention.
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PMID:Inhibition of frusemide-induced natriuresis by indomethacin in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. 84 48

In five patients with chronic congestive heart failure or pulmonary insufficiency and otherwise unexplained weight loss synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen were studied with the 14C carbonate method described by Mc Farlane and Reeve. The following results were obtained. 1. Albumin synthesis rate was normal in 4 out of five patients. In one patient with proteinuria and low serum albumin it was markedly increased. 2. Fibrinogen synthesis rate was normal in three out of five patients. In two patients who had active inflammation just before or during the study it was increased. The results suggest, that in chronic congestive heart failure or pulmonary insufficiency the liver is able to maintain normal or even increased protein synthesis rates.
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PMID:Synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen in patients with cardiac and pulmonary cachexia. 85 27

To investigate the mechanism(s) of increased filtration of serum proteins after glomerular injury, polydisperse samples of uncharged [(3)H]dextran (D) or anionic [(3)H]dextran sulfate (DS) were infused into 14 control and 16 puromycin aminonucleoside- (PAN) treated Munich-Wistar rats. Fractional clearances of D or DS ranging in radius from 18 to 42A were determined in these rats, together with direct measurements of the forces governing the glomerular filtration rate of water. Whole kidney and single nephron glomerular filtration rates were approximately 40% lower in PAN-treated rats, relative to controls, due mainly to a marked reduction in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient and, to a lesser extent, to a small reduction in glomerular plasma flow rate as well. In PAN-treated rats, as in normal controls, inulin was found to permeate the glomerular capillary wall without measurable restriction, and both D and DS were shown to be neither secreted nor reabsorbed. Fractional clearances of uncharged D were reduced after PAN administration, falling significantly for effective D radii from 22 to 38A. Utilizing a theory based on macromolecular transport through pores, these results indicate that in PAN-treated rats, effective pore radius is the same as in controls, approximately 44A. In PAN nephrosis, however, the ratio of total pore surface area/pore length, a measure of pore density, is reduced to approximately one-third that of control, due very likely to a reduction in filtration surface area. In contrast to the results with uncharged D, fractional clearances of DS were found to increase after PAN administration for all DS radii studied. These results with D and DS suggest that proteinuria in PAN nephrosis is due, not to an increase in effective pore radius or number of pores, but rather to a diminution of the electrostatic barrier function of the glomerular capillary wall, thereby allowing increased passage of polyanions such as DS and albumin.
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PMID:Mechanisms of the puromycin-induced defects in the transglomerular passage of water and macromolecules. 87 80


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