Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma and urinary antithrombin III (AT-III) was measured in 15 cases of nephrotic syndrome. Plasma AT-III correlated well with serum albumin, but poorly with proteinuria, whereas urinary AT-III correlated well to proteinuria. The plasma AT-III level had a mean similar to 25 healthy controls, but the range was significantly wider. A case with nephrotic syndrome and left renal vein thrombosis is reported. The urinary output of AT-III rose and the plasma level fell with the activity of the disease. Although AT-III and albumin have similar molecule weight, their renal clearance was found to be different. It is suggested that urinary loss of AT-III plays a role in the hypercoagulable state sometimes found in the nephrotic syndrome.
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PMID:Antithrombin III and the nephrotic syndrome. 47 63

To study the possible role of an "increased thrombotic tendency" in the vascular complications of diabetes several tests of haemostatic function were carried out on 91 men and 63 women with diabetes aged 35-54 years and the results compared with findings in 686 men and 393 women of the same age in the Northwick Park Heart Study. Mean values for factors VII and X, fibrinogen, and platelet adhesiveness were higher in the diabetics, but mean fibrinolytic activity and whole blood platelet counts were lower. Antithrombin III values were also higher in the diabetics, which may have constituted a protective response to other changes favouring the onset of vascular disease. Diabetics with retinopathy had higher factor VII and antithrombin III values, and those with proteinuria had higher values for factor VII, fibrinogen, and platelet adhesiveness than those without these complications. These findings suggest a potentially important association between a thrombogenic tendency and vascular disease in diabetes. Nevertheless, prospective data are needed to clarify whether the haemostatic abnormalities precede the onset of clinically manifest vascular complications or are a consequence of them.
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PMID:Haemostatic variables associated with diabetes and its complications. 50 77

Antithrombin III levels were studied in relation to the occurrence of thromboembolism in 48 patients with various degrees of proteinuria. Nine of these patients had clinical signs of thrombosis, including four with renal vein thrombosis. In eight of these nine patients, antithrombin III concentrations were below 70 per cent. There was a significant negative correlation between the antithrombin III concentration and the urinary protein excreation (P less than 0.001). Antithrombin III was found in the urine of 32 of 42 patients. There was a significant correlation between the renal clearance and the degree of antithrombin III serum deficiency (P less that 0.001). The clearance and serum level of albumin closely paralleled these changes. We conclude that thrombosis in patients with severe proteinuria is associated with a deficiency of antithrombin III due to urinary excretion of this protein.
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PMID:Acquired antithrombin III deficiency and thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome. 70 21

We have observed in our study that antithrombin III activity decreases very significatively in eclampsia (p < 0.0001). A level of 90% was defined as a threshold. All the rates which are under or equal to 90% have 78.3% as a positive predictive value and those over 90% have a 98.7% as a negative predictive value for the overcoming of eclampsia. We have concluded that the 90% antithrombin III activity represents the alarm level for over coming eclamptic crises. The determination of the antithrombin III activity must be systematically done in every hypertensive pregnancy with proteinuria.
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PMID:[Antithrombin ii in eclampsia: estimation of predictive value]. 134 66

Thromboses and disorders of hemostasis in nephrotic syndrome. Thromboembolic complications are common in nephrotic syndrome (NS). This article reviews the factors of thrombogenesis in NS, including: 1) a hypercoagulable state with platelet hyperaggregability, hyperfibrinogenemia and elevated factor VIII, decrease in plasma levels of coagulation inhibitors antithrombin III and free protein S, reduced fibrinolytic activity; 2) excessive intravascular thrombin formation marked by increased plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A. The intensity of hemostasis disorders coincides with that of NS. Most disorders are related to hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria. In agreement with experimental data, the role of intraglomerular activation of coagulation during active phases of glomerulopathies has to be considered. This could explain the predominance of renal vein thrombosis in several glomerulopathies with NS. Several coagulation disorders in SN have implications for therapy.
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PMID:[Thrombosis and disorders of hemostasis in nephrotic syndrome]. 140 55

Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a thrombin inhibitor in human plasma which displays similarities with antithrombin III (ATIII). Hereditary HCII deficiency was recently reported to be associated with thrombophilia. Since thromboembolism constitutes one of the main complications of the nephrotic syndrome (NS), both activities and antigen concentrations of HCII and ATIII were measured in the plasma and urine of 33 adult patients with nephrotic syndrome. The mean HCII plasma level was significantly increased whereas the ATIII level was decreased. Plasma HCII was significantly correlated with proteinuria and with the fibrinogen level, suggesting that HCII could act as an acute phase reactant in patients with NS. HCII antigen was detectable in 16 of the 24 available urine samples, whereas ATIII antigen was present in all of them. In addition, functionally active HCII was detected in most of the urine samples containing HCII antigen, while ATIII was only present in the inactive form. In conclusion, these findings suggest that HCII is submitted to a metabolic pathway different from that of ATIII in patients with NS.
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PMID:Significance of high levels of heparin cofactor II in the plasma and urine of adult patients with nephrotic syndrome. 155 2

We studied the relationship between vascular complications and coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in 75 subjects with collagen diseases. Thirty normal healthy persons served as controls. We found that patients with collagen diseases were in a state of a hypercoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis. In SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) in particular, coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters appeared to be indices of vascular complications. Increases in the levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin (PIP) were particularly associated with proteinuria, while increases in fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels were associated with Raynaud's phenomenon. Administration of glucocorticoid seemed to improve the hypercoagulation and hyperfibrinolytic states of patients with collagen diseases. Analysis of the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor (vWF) revealed a tendency for large and intermediate multimers (LIM) of plasma vWF to increase in SLE patients with accompanying vascular complications, whereas such increases were not observed in SLE patients without any vascular complications. Therefore, analysis of the multimeric structure of vWF appeared to be a useful indicator of vascular complications in collagen diseases.
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PMID:Plasma coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in patients with collagen diseases, and analysis of the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor (vWF). 175 53

Plasma concentration of fibrinogen (Fbg), plasminogen (PLG), antithrombin III (AT III), alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2-PI), thrombin antithrombin III complex (TAT) and plasmin alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were evaluated in 23 nephrotic patients with proteinuria more than 3.5 g/day, including 4 cases with clinical evidence of thromboembolism. Among patients without thromboembolism, concentration of PLG and AT III was in the normal range but that of Fbg and alpha 2-PI was significantly elevated (p less than 0.01 for Fbg and p less than 0.001 for alpha 2-PI respectively). Also there was a positive relationship between AT III and serum albumin (p less than 0.05). Two fifth of these patients had an had an increased level of TAT, and also had a higher level of PIC compared with normal control (p less than 0.01). There was a positive relationship between TAT and PIC, TAT and Fbg (p less than 0.05), PIC and Fbg (p less than 0.01). TAT and PIC levels were markedly elevated in the patients with thromboembolism. From aforementioned data, it was suggested that patients with nephrotic syndrome would be in the prethrombotic state and the increased level of Fbg is one of the major risk factors of thromboembolic complications in these patients. Furthermore measurement of TAT and PIC are the useful means for the diagnosis of these complications.
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PMID:[Concentration of thrombin antithrombin III complex and plasmin alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex in nephrotic syndrome]. 183 41

Plasma fibronectin (Fn) levels and activities of antithrombin III (AT-III) function were determined in 219 cases, including 61 cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and 127 normal pregnant women and 31 normal nonpregnant women as controls. The plasma Fn levels of PIH patients were significantly increases to 539.04 +/- 256.3 mg/L, while the plasma AT-III activities were significantly lowered to 76.1 + 13.9%. There was a negative correlation between plasma Fn and AT-III in PIH patients (r = -0.377, P less than 0.01). High plasma Fn and low plasma AT-III in PIH were related to proteinuria. Plasma AT-III decreased as PIH became more severe. The results suggested that the high plasma Fn with low AT-III levels may serve as an indicator of the severity of PIH.
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PMID:[Changes of plasma fibronectin and antithrombin III in pregnancy-induced hypertension]. 200 75

Forty-seven patients with IgA nephropathy were classified as having mesangial pattern (M: 29 cases) or mesangiocapillary pattern (C: 18 cases) according to an intraglomerular distribution of fibronectin (FN) observed by the immunofluorescence (IF) technique. The relationships between these IF patterns and the clinical pictures, and that between these IF patterns and prognosis of the disease were investigated. Significantly higher diastolic blood pressure, proteinuria, serum creatinine (Cr), total cholesterol and IgA, and lower total protein were noted in C pattern as compared with M pattern. beta-thromboglobulin, fibrinogen (Fib) and platelet factor 4 were found to be significantly higher in C pattern. Platelet aggregation (ADP 1 microM/ml) and FN tended to increase (p less than 0.1) as well. The distribution of FN in the glomeruli was similar to those of IgA and Fib, although perfect agreement was not observed. The picture in which FN might be infiltrated into the endothelial side of the glomerular basement membrane from the mesangium was observed in C pattern by the immunoelectron microscopic study. In the follow-up study, proteinuria showed a tendency to decrease in M pattern. On the other hand no marked change was observed in C pattern. C pattern showed high serum Cr levels throughout the course of the study as compared with M pattern. A significantly greater number of C pattern cases had serum Cr of 2 mg/dl or higher, C pattern showed a significant decrease of 1/Cr over time as compared with M pattern. Higher serum Fib and FN, platelet aggregation (ADP 1 microM/ml), antithrombin III and plasminogen were observed in C pattern as compared with M pattern. These results suggest that an involvement of tissue FN, especially the existence of FN in the capillary loop, may be an aggravating factor of IgA nephropathy, in addition to an augmented platelets-blood coagulation mechanisms. Therefore, it may be possible to evaluate the prognosis of IgA nephropathy by FN deposit patterns.
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PMID:[Studies on the intraglomerular distribution of fibronectin in IgA nephropathy--in relation to clinical pictures and prognosis]. 219 63


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