Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-two patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were diagnosed as amyloidosis by biopsy or at autopsy were investigated. The average duration of RA prior to the diagnosis of amyloidosis was 16.5 +/- 12.5 years. The symptoms that led to the diagnosis of amyloidosis were renal symptoms in 11 cases and gastrointestinal symptoms in 5 cases. Urinary protein was positive in 16 cases (73%). The degree of proteinuria varied in each case. Nephrotic syndrome was observed in 5 cases. Azotemia (Cr greater than 1.5 mg/dl) was present in 18 cases (82%). The period from the diagnosis of amyloidosis to death was 3.0 +/- 2.2 years. The causes of death were uremia in 10 cases, heart failure in 2 cases, malignancy in 2 cases, sepsis in 2 cases and others in 2 cases. Thirteen patients were autopsied and the frequency of amyloidosis complicated with RA was 22.0% in autopsied rheumatoid patients. Although nephropathy was present in most cases of amyloidosis complicated with RA, proteinuria and azotemia greatly varied in both degree and course.
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PMID:Clinical studies on amyloidosis complicated with rheumatoid arthritis--with particular reference to nephropathy. 227 6

Fifty-six patients with acute glomerulonephritis were studied prospectively during 1984. Their ages ranged from 10 months to 14 years old with the peak age range between 5 to 9 years. Most of them had edema, hypertension, hematuria with or without proteinuria and had low serum complement. Azotemia was found in 45 per cent of the cases. Serologic evidence for streptococcal infection was positive in 68 per cent and only 6 per cent had positive culture. Edema and hypertension were all resolved within 2 weeks. All patients that were followed up had normal serum complement by the 6th week, normal BUN, Scr by one year. The hematuria disappeared by 6 months and proteinuria by 2 months in 50 per cent of the cases. By the 4th year only one patient had microscopic hematuria and mild proteinuria with normal serum creatinine, normotension and no edema. In conclusion, in Thailand AGN is still a common kidney disease in children but with prompt and proper treatment its prognosis is still very good.
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PMID:Acute glomerulonephritis in children: a prospective study. 273 44

Borrelia burgdorferi infection was diagnosed serologically in a dog with lethargy, stiffness, and anorexia. Treatment with ampicillin and chloramphenicol did not alleviate the signs. Azotemia, proteinuria, cylindruria, pyuria, and hematuria developed over a 3-month period. Antibody titer for B burgdorferi remained high (1:8,192) during this time. Renal histopathologic findings included severe, chronic, diffuse, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and moderate chronic, multifocal, interstitial nephritis. Borrelia burgdorferi organisms were identified in renal tissue and in urine by results of immunofluorescent studies and bacteriologic culture, respectively.
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PMID:Renal lesions associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a dog. 340 55

To date, more than 5000 patients have had experience with enalapril. Over 1000 subjects have been exposed to the drug for more than one year and approximately 600 for over two years. In controlled trials, 2249 subjects, who included normal volunteers and patients with hypertension and congestive heart failure, have received enalapril alone or concomitantly with hydrochlorothiazide or other antihypertensive agents. There have been no deaths attributed to enalapril. The incidence of serious adverse experiences in controlled trials was similar to placebo, and was not higher in the elderly. The incidence of adverse experiences was not dose-related. Drug discontinuation due to adverse experiences was 3.5%, similar to placebo, and approximately half that of control drugs. Serious laboratory adverse experiences were rare. Enalapril attenuated the adverse metabolic effects of hydrochlorothiazide, particularly hypokalaemia. Skin rash occurred in approximately 1.0% of patients. One case of transient taste loss occurred on enalapril, and one on enalapril in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. Neutropenia and agranulocytosis were not encountered. Mean white blood cell counts did not change overall. Most patients (approximately equal to 80%) show no change or an improvement in renal function on enalapril. Discontinuation of concomitant hydrochlorothiazide usually normalized renal function. Enalapril is well tolerated in renal insufficiency. Azotaemia may occur in bilateral renovascular hypertension. Proteinuria was rarely seen and often improved on enalapril. Compassionate use protocols have been available to patients either resistant or intolerant to captopril. Of 68 patients admitted for captopril-related skin rashes, only five recurred on enalapril.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Overall tolerance and safety of enalapril. 610 Aug 72

Calves (n = 4) were given neomycin (2.25 or 4.5 mg/kg) twice daily IM and were compared with 2 calves given penicillin IM. The 2 hallmarks of aminoglycoside toxicosis, nephrotoxicosis and ototoxicosis, were seen with both dosages of parenterally administered neomycin. Nephrotoxicosis was confirmed by abnormal findings in urinalysis (granular casts, proteinuria, low specific gravity), renal biopsy results (tubular degeneration and necrosis), and increased 24-hour amounts of urinary enzymes (alanine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase). Azotemia, decreased creatinine clearance, polyuria, and polydipsia also were documented in calves given neomycin. Clinically, deafness was suspected in 2 calves and was documented by electrical auditory-evoked response tests. Abnormalities in partial thromboplastin times and renal residues of neomycin were seen in all 4 calves that were given neomycin, but not in calves that were given penicillin.
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PMID:Neomycin toxicosis in calves. 611 66

The clinical and histologic features of 81 patients with IgA nephropathy were analyzed. Azotemia was present in 32 per cent of the patients, proteinuria was present in 88 per cent, and gross or microscopic hematuria was present in all of the patients tested. The median age of histologic diagnosis was 27 years. The median age at onset of clinical signs was 20 years. There was no increased incidence in any HLA-A or -B antigen within the patient population over our control population. All patients had glomerular mesangial IgA deposition (by definition) greater than or equal to IgG or IgM. Histologic changes were quantitated and ranged from normal to necrotizing and/or crescentic glomerulonephritis. Many patients (48 per cent) had mild or moderate generalized glomerlular hypercellularity. Nonparametric statistical analysis showed strong correlations among patient age at histologic diagnosis, creatinine, proteinuria, global glomerular sclerosis, and interstital fibrosis. Our analysis suggests that IgA nephropathy is an indolent disease generally beginning in childhood. It is a cause of renal insufficiency in a significant number of patients. Interpretation of this series and other reported studies suggests that most cases of IgA nephropathy in the United States are best considered idiopathic but that hereditary and secondary forms may exist.
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PMID:IgA nephropathy. Correlation of clinical and histologic features. 621 35

In order to explore the effect of immunologically-induced nephropathy versus a non-immunological model on development of hypertension, rats with either Heymann nephritis or N,N'-diacetylbenzidine (N,N'-DAB)-induced nephropathy were subjected to DOCA-NaCl treatment. Hypertension developed during DOCA-NaCl treatment in Heymann nephritic rats but not in rats wih N, N'-DAB nephropathy, despite similar degrees of proteinuria and other features of nephrosis. There were no signs of different fluid balance, either. Azotemia did not ensue. Histology and immunohistology showed membranous glomerulonephritis in Heymann nephritic rats whereas glomerular epithelial cell alterations without immune deposits along the glomerular capillary walls were seen in rats with N, N'-DAB nephropathy. The type of renal damage or factors mediating such damage appear to be important determinants for the hypertensive response of Heymann nephritic rats to DOCA-NaCl treatment.
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PMID:Different blood pressure response to DOCA-NaCl treatment in autoimmune and N,N'- diacetylbenzidine-induced nephropathies. 731 56

In this Danish multicentre study, predictive clinical factors of mortality and survival were calculated for 513 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 122 of whom died within a mean observation period of 8.2 years equalling a mortality rate of 2.9% per year. Survival rates were 97%, 91%, 76% and 64% after 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. The direct causes of death included SLE (n = 35), infections (n = 25), malignancy (n = 9), cardiovascular disease (n = 32) and other causes (n = 21). Uni- and multivariate analyses of survival and mortality were performed for all deaths and for SLE-related deaths. Azotaemia (one-fifth of the patients) was a strong predictor of increased overall and SLE-related mortality, but nephropathy per se (one-half of the patients) and large proteinuria (one-sixth of the patients) were unrelated to survival. Haemolytic anaemia had a significant negative influence on survival related to mortality caused by infections. Diffuse central nervous system disease and myocarditis were related to increased SLE-related mortality, whereas photosensitivity predicted a decreased mortality. Non-fatal infections and thrombotic events predicted a decreased overall survival. Since 1980 the mortality caused by SLE manifestations has decreased significantly.
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PMID:A multicentre study of 513 Danish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. II. Disease mortality and clinical factors of prognostic value. 989 Jun 75

There are some racial differences in the prevalence and prognosis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome; however, reports about minimal change disease (MCD) in Chinese were rare. We retrospectively analyzed 123 Chinese adults with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, who received percutaneous renal biopsy in our institution within the last 10 years. In total, 46 patients (37.4%) were compatible with the pathological diagnosis of MCD. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age of onset was 30.9 years, and 80% of the patients with MCD were less than 40 years. The mean daily proteinuria was 10.2 g, and serum albumin was 1.8 mg/dl. Azotemia occurred in 16 (35%) of 46 cases; hypertension, 13%; and microscopic hematuria, 13%. High selectivity index for proteinuria (SI <0.1) was noted in 12 (39%) of 31 cases; and high IgE level was found in 83.7% of the study subjects, although only one case had allergic history. Complete remission in 36 MCD patients treated with corticosteroid was achieved by 42% (15/36), 80% (29/36), and 94% (34/36) within 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. The time interval to remission was similar between the younger group (<40 years old, 1.7 months) and older group (>40 years old, 1.6 months). Nineteen (56%) of 34 cases with steroid response did not relapse, and the other cases (44%) had a mean relapse rate of 1.5 times per patient within a period of 45 months. The age of onset in MCD cases was not significantly correlated with steroid-responsive rate, and the time interval to remission. However, a tendency existed between the onset in the young age and the sequentially relapsing rate (p = 0.06). Two cases with primary steroid resistance and 5 cases with frequent relapse or steroid dependence responded well to intravenous pulse therapy of cyclophosphamide, except one refractory case. No thrombotic episode was ever noted in our group. Regarding infectious complications, primary peritonitis occurred in one, pneumonia in one, and cellulitis in 6 cases during active nephrotic stage. Two mortality cases, one with E. coli-related necrotizing fasciitis and one from pneumonia, were noted. In brief, compared with children, adult patients with MCD had lesser high selectivity index for proteinuria, the same steroid-responsive rate (94%), but slower response, and significantly lesser relapsing rate. The intravenous pulse therapy of cyclophosphamide may be an alternative regimen for adult patients with steroid resistance or dependency. In addition, the Asian adult-onset MCD had younger age, male predominance, and lesser relapsing rate in comparison to those of the Western population.
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PMID:Adult-onset minimal change disease among Taiwanese: clinical features, therapeutic response, and prognosis. 1127 29

Sheep injected every 2 weeks with heterologous GBM and Freund's adjuvant by any one or combination of the following routes: intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intradermal, develop uniformly a fulminating, extracapillary glomerulonephritis, invariably fatal within 27 to 90 days after the first injection. The chief histologic feature is marked fibroepithelial proliferation of Bowman's capsule with crescent formation. The appearance of the lesions resembles the acute, subacute, and chronic stages of human glomerulonephritis, and depends on when the animal was sacrificed. Freund's adjuvant or heterologous GBM alone does not produce such a nephritis. The combination of placental tissue and Freund's adjuvant under the present experimental conditions was also unable to produce a nephritis. The clinical course, increase in nitrogen retention, evolution of renal lesions, and death, all describe a fulminating disease. The disease most characteristically resembles fatal, fulminating human subacute glomerulonephritis. The changes in serum proteins, decrease in serum albumin, and increase in serum globulin, occurred approximately the same in both the GBM-treated and the control adjuvant group. Similar changes have been reported from hyperimmunization alone, and so it is not clear how much these changes are due to immunization and how much is due to the nephritic process. The changes in serum cholesterol were not considered statistically significant. Circulating serum antibodies which localized (by fluorescent antibody technique in vitro) on basement membrane structures of the heterologous donor kidney antigen or which produced nephritis in the heterologous donor species (rat and dog) were found in serum of sheep sick or dying of nephritis. The passive transfer of nephritis by serum antibodies marks the first successful instance of transfer of nephritis by serum antibody to a heterologous species from an animal which had developed nephritis itself. The serum antibodies involved in the transfer of disease to the donor species appear to be unrelated to the mediators of nephritis in the sheep and may represent only the previously known heteronephrotoxic antibodies. By various biologic criteria the sheep nephritis presumably occurs by an autoimmune mechanism. However, it is not known whether the sheep nephritis is mediated by sensitized cells and/or antibodies. The latent period was estimated to end about 16 to 71 days after the first injection. Azotemia was estimated to begin about 17 to 78 days after the first injection. Proteinuria and azotemia began approximately 23 and 13 days before death. The rapid progression to a fatal termination defined the fulminating character of this disease.
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PMID:Glomerulonephritis induced in sheep by injections of heterologous glomerular basement membrane and Freund's complete adjuvant. 1391 66


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