Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Authors studied the dispersion of immunoreactive HSPG with monoclonal antibody specific to protein nucleus of HSPG in renal diseases associated with nephrosis syndrome. Their results showed that the dispersion of HSPG in GBM does not fully agree with dispersion of anion linkage places known in literature. In membrane and diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis immunoreactive HSPG cannot be demonstrated in the place of immune deposits, concurrent with dispersion of anion places, while it appears in GBM newly developed round the deposits. Inconsistent with this, in glomerulonephritis having minimal changes, the anion loss of GBM is not associated with absence of nuclear protein, the immunoreactive HSPG remains intact. These observations reflected in literature indicate that--similarly to proteinuria--presumably, deficiency of anion linkage places of GBM is caused by different pathomechanisms.
 ...
PMID:[Heparan sulfate proteoglycan distribution in the glomerular basal membrane in human glomerulonephritis]. 253 43

In this study, we demonstrated that the patients with PSS who develop proteinuria during the course are much more prone to develop lung fibrosis, telangiectasia, serositis and esophageal hypomotility. They also exhibited positive LE cell phenomenon, lupus band test, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. The mortality rate is significantly higher in proteinuria positive patients and abnormal clinical data described above seem to be the risk factors for the development of renal involvement in PSS.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies of 15 cases of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) associated with positive proteinuria and membranous glomerulonephritis]. 260 71

Kidney biopsy specimens from nine patients of systemic lupus erythematosus were studied for the purpose of correlating the findings of light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescent studies with the kidney functions and the presence of proteinuria. Morphologically, three were mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, three mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and one membranous nephropathy. Subendothelial deposits were observed in eight cases, subepithelial deposits in seven cases and mesangial deposits in eight cases. Four cases with massive subendothelial deposits had massive proteinuria and decrease in renal functions. Most of the patients with mild subendothelial deposits were considered to be useful in assessing the prognosis and severity of lupus nephropathy, in addition to the morphologic types of lesions, as mesangial pattern had shown insignificant proteinuria. Study of semithin sections by light microscopy could demonstrate the deposits which were observed on electron microscopy and immuno-fluorescent microscopy.
 ...
PMID:Lupus nephritis--light, electron and immunofluorescent microscopy (a clinicopathological study). 269 61

We defined a clinical staging of renal function in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which uses inexpensive outpatient measures to serially stage patient status and then analyzed the disease course of 292 patients followed since 1968. The 4 mutually exclusive states used were (1) normal (creatinine less than 1.2 mg/dl and protein less than 2+ on dipstick); (2) proteinuria alone (creatinine less than 1.2 mg/dl and protein greater than or equal to 2+ on dipstick); (3) moderate filtration dysfunction (creatinine greater than or equal to 1.2 mg/dl and less than 4.0 mg/dl); and (4) severe azotemia (creatinine greater than or equal to 4.0 mg/dl). Duration in each state and subsequent transitions were incorporated in an assessment of outcome. Prognostic variables were found which predicted different outcomes within each of the 4 states. This stratification, based on renal function over time, provides a useful analytical tool for comparing subsets of patients with lupus. We found that serum complement (C3) predicted progression in state 1 and 2 as well as potential responders to therapy in state 3. No improvement was noted for patients in state 4.
 ...
PMID:A "state model" of renal function in systemic lupus erythematosus: its value in the prediction of outcome in 292 patients. 271 6

To investigate the potential importance of prostaglandins and thromboxane in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the effects of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (piroxicam) and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (dazmegrel) were examined on survival, proteinuria, food consumption, body weight, and peripheral lymphocyte subset distribution in the NZB/W model of autoimmune lupus disease. The effect of an immunosuppressant (cyclophosphamide) known to be effective in the treatment of murine lupus on these parameters was also examined. Cyclophosphamide at 25 mg/kg ip weekly prolonged survival, inhibited proteinuria and prevented the characteristic decline in peripheral T cells and the relative increase in B cells seen in NZB/W lupus disease while having no apparent effect on body weight or food consumption. Neither dazmegrel at 50 or 200 mg/kg/day in the diet nor piroxicam at 2 mg/kg/day in the diet had any significant effects on these parameters.
 ...
PMID:Effects of dazmegrel, piroxicam and cyclophosphamide on the NZB/W model of SLE. 280 26

We used total lymphoid irradiation (TLI; total dose = 3400 rad) to treat the lupus-like renal disease of 6-mo-old female NZB/NZW mice. Similar to our past studies, this treatment resulted in a marked prolongation of survival, decrease in proteinuria, and decrease in serum anti-DNA antibodies compared with untreated littermate controls. Although there was no evidence of disease recurrence in TLI-treated mice until after 12 mo of age, the in vitro proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin by NZB/NZW spleen cells recovered within 6 wk such that responses were greater than control NZB/NZW animals. A similar recovery and overshoot after TLI were evident in the primary antibody response to the T cell-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Both the total and IgG anti-SRBC antibody responses after TLI were greater than those of untreated NZB/NZW controls, and were comparable with those of untreated non-autoimmune mice. Despite this increased response to mitogens and antigens after TLI, we noted a decrease in spontaneous splenic IgG-secreting cells and a decrease in IgG but not IgM antinuclear antibody production. Nonspecific suppressor cells of the mixed leukocyte response were detectable in the spleens of NZB/NZW mice early after TLI. However, the disappearance of suppressor cells was not associated with recrudescence of disease activity. Furthermore, transfer of large numbers of spleen cells from TLI-treated NZB/NZW mice did not result in disease suppression in untreated age-matched recipients. In summary, treatment of NZB/NZW mice with TLI results in a prolonged remission in autoimmune disease, which is achieved in the absence of generalized immunosuppression.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of NZB/NZW mice with total lymphoid irradiation: long-lasting suppression of disease without generalized immune suppression. 293 42

The renal glomeruli are vulnerable to injury by a number of drugs and other toxic agents. These agents may lead to damage by one of two basic mechanisms: direct, dose-related toxic injury; indirect, immunologically mediated injury, largely dose-independent. Proteinuria is the simplest and most important functional indicator of glomerular injury. It occurs almost immediately in direct toxic injury, but there is a latent period of weeks to months with immunologically mediated processes. Of the two mechanisms, the second is by far the more common in clinical settings. The best studied experimental agent causing direct toxic injury is the aminonucleoside of puromycin. Clinically, perhaps the most important agent is Cyclosporine A. Although this agent is usually thought of primarily as a tubular toxin, it is capable of giving rise to a microangiopathic glomerular lesion similar to that in the hemolytic uremic syndrome. The classic model for immunologic glomerular lesion is Heymann nephritis, which produces a membranous glomerulopathy. Clinically, most drug mediated glomerulopathies also take the form of a membranous nephropathy, usually with a frank nephrotic syndrome. Among the more common offenders are penicillamine, gold salts used in rheumatoid arthritis, and captopril used in hypertension. The other common type of drug-related glomerulopathy occurs as part of a lupus-like syndrome induced by a variety of drugs, including hydralazine, procainamide, and penicillamine. All of these give rise to a variety of antibodies, most prominently antinuclear antibodies, and in the more severe cases there may be lupus-like glomerular lesions as well.
 ...
PMID:Drug-associated glomerulopathies. 294 Jun 67

D-penicillamine (DPA) leads to side effects in different ways: collagen and elastin crosslinking are inhibited, which results in thin and vulnerable skin, cutis laxa, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, wound healing defects and embryopathy. Toxic influences effect thrombo- and leukocytopenia (incidence 5-15%), gastrointestinal disturbances (10-30%), changes or loss of taste (5-30%), loss of hair (1-2%), and partly proteinuria (5-20%). Acute hypersensitive reactions include DPA-allergy (2-10%). Severe adverse effects are autoimmune phenomena such as pemphigus, DPA-induced lupus erythematosus, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, membranous glomerulopathy and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (like Good-pasture's syndrome) and myasthenia (all less than 1%). In addition there are a number of rare side effects, often single observations. Risk factors include a genetic disposition (especially HLA-B8 and -DR3), poor sulphoxidizers and, to a certain degree, higher age. During pregnancy and in clinically relevant disturbances of bone marrow, liver and renal function DPA is contraindicated. The total incidence of side effects amounts to 30-60%, the withdrawal rate is 20-30%; therefore clear indications and a regular survey of DPA therapy are necessary.
 ...
PMID:[D-penicillamine--side effects, pathogenesis and decreasing the risks]. 306 3

Erythrocytes from 51 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 75 controls were tested for the capacity to bind aggregated human gamma-globulin labeled with radioiodine in the presence of complement. Both in patients and controls, a trimodal distribution of binding capacity was observed. Low (less than 9% of the added radioactivity), intermediate (9-17%), and high binding (more than 17%) were observed in 13, 58, and 29% in controls and in 49, 43 and 8% in lupus patients. The low binding capacity of erythrocytes persisted even after patients entered remission following steroid therapy. A genetic control of binding capacity was supported by familial surveys. Prevalence of pathological proteinuria was significantly higher in patients with low binding capacity than those with intermediate or high binding capacity (16/25 vs 7/26, P less than 0.01). These results indicate that an impaired physiological disposal of immune complexes via the erythrocyte C3b receptor in lupus patients may contribute to the development of renal involvement.
 ...
PMID:Low capacity of erythrocytes to bind with immune complexes via C3b receptor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: correlation with pathological proteinuria. 315 3

In order to evaluate the contribution of cellular immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, renal biopsies from 18 patients with lupus glomerulonephritis and 26 with cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis were studied. Leucocyte profiles including T cell subsets and 'activated' macrophages within both glomeruli and interstitium were determined, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies as markers, and a sensitive 4-layer peroxidase technique to localize these within tissues. The infiltrating leucocytes were correlated with clinical, histological and immunological parameters of disease activity. Normal glomeruli contained few leucocytes though normal interstitium did (145 +/- 30 mm2), made up predominantly of T lymphocytes and macrophages. There was a significant increase in intraglomerular leucocytes in both systemic lupus erythematosus 4-fold, and essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia 7-fold, as compared to normal. These leucocytes consisted mainly of macrophages, and particularly in cryoglobulinaemia of 'activated' macrophages as demonstrated by their surface expression of the procoagulant tissue factor recognized by the A13 monoclonal antibody. In cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis (GN) there was also a significant increase in T lymphocytes due to a predominance of suppressor-cytotoxic cells (OKT8+). There was a significant increase in interstitial leucocytes in both diseases, lymphocytes (mainly OKT8+ve), and macrophages (mainly 'activated' A13+ve). There were significant positive correlations between disease activity and interstitial leucocyte infiltration including, in lupus nephritis, degree of proteinuria and total leucocytes, hypocomplementaemia and T lymphocytes, increased numbers of monocytes and lymphocytes with a higher histological index of activity, and in cryoglobulinaemic GN of T lymphocytes and proliferative lesions, and T lymphocytes and C1q deposition. This study has demonstrated the importance of the interstitium in the pathogenesis of both diseases, delineated the presence of both T lymphocytes and activated monocytes which make cell-mediated immune mechanisms feasible, and linked the presence of immune mediators to disease activity.
 ...
PMID:The relationship of infiltrating renal leucocytes to disease activity in lupus and cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis. 317 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>