Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study has investigated the relationship of glycaemic control, blood pressure and proteinuria to early renal dysfunction in a cohort of 50 type I and 65 type II diabetics, with renal function ranging from normal to mildly impaired (serum creatinine less than 0.2 mM). Repeated measurements were made over a mean interval of 7 years and mean data from each subject were analysed by stepwise multiple linear regression. This enabled associations to be determined independently of the confounding influence of age and duration of disease. In type I diabetics, mean creatinine clearance was inversely related to systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001), glycosylated haemoglobin (P less than 0.05), fasting plasma glucose (P less than 0.05) and to the renal clearance of albumin (P less than 0.001), transferrin (P less than 0.01) and IgG (P less than 0.05). By contrast, in type II diabetics, none of these associations were significant. No significant relationships were found with the rate of decline of creatinine clearance in either type of diabetic. Further studies will be needed to determine whether the changes in blood pressure and glycaemic control precede or follow the development of renal disease. However, these findings raise the possibility of a difference in the pathogenesis of renal disease in type I and type II diabetes.
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PMID:Comparison of early renal dysfunction in type I and type II diabetes: differing associations with blood pressure and glycaemic control. 334 32

In patients with a nephrotic syndrome administration of prednisolone causes an increase of proteinuria. To elucidate the mechanism of this effect we have studied the acute proteinuric effect of prednisolone, 125 to 150 mg intravenously, in nine patients (7 M, 2F) with a nephrotic syndrome. Mean age (+/- SD) of the patients was 53 +/- 6 years, mean endogenous creatinine clearance 104 +/- 30 ml/min, and mean proteinuria 7.7 +/- 3.0 g/24 hr. After administration of prednisolone, urinary total protein excretion rose in all patients from a mean (+/- SEM) of 4.89 +/- 0.59 mg/min before to 9.09 +/- 0.99 mg/min at five hours after administration (P less than 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance), effective renal plasma flow (PAH clearance), and filtration fraction did not change significantly. The increases of urinary excretion of albumin (median %: +92%), IgG (median %: +88%), and transferrin (median %: +76%) were comparable and correlated significantly. Urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin did not change significantly however. We conclude that intravenous administration of prednisolone to patients with a nephrotic syndrome causes an increase in urinary protein excretion rate which cannot be explained by changes in renal hemodynamics or tubular protein reabsorption, and which therefore must be the result of a change in glomerular permselectivity characteristics.
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PMID:Prednisolone can increase glomerular permeability to proteins in nephrotic syndrome. 340 15

This study has attempted to document a specific haemovascular action of gliclazide on the reversal of early diabetic microangiopathy. A prospective double-blind controlled study was performed over 2 years, comparing gliclazide versus placebo in insulin-treated and gliclazide versus glibenclamide in non-insulin-treated diabetic subjects, after a 1-year run-in period. Glycaemic control was not significantly different in gliclazide- and non-gliclazide-treated subjects before or after the commencement of active therapy. Following treatment with gliclazide in 17/32 insulin-treated and 8/17 non-insulin-treated subjects with Albustix-negative proteinuria, there was no difference in retinopathy score, total proteinuria or the renal clearance of creatinine, albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulin G. In the insulin-treated group, progression of retinopathy was observed in approximately one-third of subjects, but no parameter of proteinuria progressed over 2 years. Thus, this study did not detect a reversal of the parameters measured and does not support an action of gliclazide on diabetic microangiopathy, independent of its hypoglycaemic action.
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PMID:Lack of effect of gliclazide on early diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy: a two-year controlled study. 355 37

The 24-h urine excretion and renal clearance of albumin, alpha I-acid glycoprotein, transferrin, IgG, IgA and haptoglobin were studied in 30 albustix-negative diabetics with no clinical data for diabetic nephropathy aiming at the precise characterization of proteinuria in patients with diabetes mellitus. The diabetic patients were divided into two groups - 15 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and 15 - with a longer duration of diabetes. Thirteen healthy subjects, at the same mean age, served as a control group. The results reveal increase of the clearances and 24-h excretion of the proteins studied in the patients with diabetes mellitus, in those with a short duration of the disease including, with authentic difference for albumin, transferrin, IgG and haptoglobin among the patients with a longer duration of the disease and the healthy controls and authentic difference for albumin between those with the newly diagnosed diabetes and the healthy control. The possible prognostic significance of the indices studied is discussed as well as their importance for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:[Urinary excretion and renal clearance of several specific plasma proteins in diabetics]. 361 8

We prospectively investigated the evolution of proteinuria in 52 type I diabetics over 7.8 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SE) yr and in 61 type II diabetics over 6.4 +/- 0.3 yr. Measurements of renal protein clearance were performed serially, and the time course of proteinuria was classified in each subject based on a threshold albumin clearance of 11 nl/s, equivalent to a urinary albumin excretion rate of 30 micrograms/min. The classification based on this threshold yielded four distinct patterns of albuminuria: minimal, intermittent, progressing, and established. These patterns occurred in both type I and type II diabetics independently of the duration of follow-up. This study has identified a pattern of intermittent microalbuminuria that is also associated with transient elevations of transferrin and IgG clearances. The relationship of clinical and biochemical parameters to proteinuria patterns was evaluated. No relationship was detected between proteinuria patterns and glycemic control in either type I or type II diabetics. In type I but not type II diabetics, established proteinuria was associated with higher systolic blood pressure and decreased creatinine clearance. The phase of intermittent proteinuria detected in this study may represent a reversible stage in the development of diabetic nephropathy, but the factors that trigger the transition to progressing proteinuria remain obscure.
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PMID:Spectrum of proteinuria in type I and type II diabetes. 362 99

This study was carried out on 50 patients suffering from renal disorders; 30 nephritis patients and 20 chronic renal failure patients. Twenty-four healthy persons were used as a control group. In order to cast some light on the degree of the impaired glomerular permeability with respect to the blood proteins, selectivity of proteinuria was assessed by means of the clearance of albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and haptoglobin. Disturbances in the metabolism of these proteins were observed and discussed in light of the proteinuria selectivity index. The demonstration of the selective proteinuria in the presence of haptoglobin was concluded to be indicative of the degree of impaired glomerular permeability in nephritis and chronic renal failure.
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PMID:A study of the mechanisms of proteinuria in nephritis and chronic renal failure. 367 21

The urinary excretion of beta2-microglobulin, albumin, kappa light chains, transferrin, and IgG as well as their concentration ratios were assessed in 27 nondiabetic patients with proteinuria and in 72 IDDM patients, 41 with proliferative retinopathy (PR) and 31 without retinopathy, matched for age, duration of diabetes, and treatment. The mean excretions of albumin, transferrin, and IgG were similar in patients with nondiabetic proteinuria and in IDDM patients with PR and were significantly higher than in IDDM patients without retinopathy. Despite similar albumin excretion, the amount of excreted kappa light chains was significantly higher in IDDM patients than in patients with nondiabetic proteinuria, resulting in an elevated kappa chain/albumin ratio. Furthermore, diabetic subjects without microalbuminuria showed increased kappa chain/albumin ratio, indicating that increased urinary excretion of kappa chains may be an early sign of diabetic nephropathy. Determination of kappa light chain excretion may have clinical implications in the differentiation between proteinuria of diabetic and nondiabetic origin. The ratio kappa chain/albumin was independent of the excretion of beta2-microglobulin in patients with PR, suggesting that the reduced ability to reabsorb immunoglobulin light chains may occur earlier than that of beta2-microglobulin in the development of tubular dysfunction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of plasma proteins in diabetic subjects. Increased excretion of kappa light chains in diabetic patients with and without proliferative retinopathy. 392 92

Quantitative parasitological assessment and quantitative analysis of proteinuria, hematuria, and leukocyturia were carried out in 182 Sudanese schoolboys with mixed urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis. Pathological proteinuria was found in 73% of patients (median = 380, 95% confidence limits = 200 to 500 mg/liter). The median protein/creatinine ratio was 0.54. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed an excretion of albumin, transferrin, and IgG consistent with a postrenal pattern of proteinuria. Pathological erythrocyturia occurred in 84% of patients (median = 255, 95% CL = 95 to 629 cells/microliter) and leukocyturia in 77% of patients (median = 148, 95% CL = 93 to 246 cells/microliter). Phase contrast microscopy revealed intact erythrocytes, suggestive of postrenal hemorrhage. Proteinuria, erythrocyturia, and leukocyturia correlated significantly with the ova excretion in the urine, but not with egg excretion in the stool. Oxamniquine reduced ova excretion in the stool but did not influence pathological urine findings. In patients treated effectively with Praziquantel or Metrifonate, pathological PU, EU, and LU decreased markedly 1 month post treatment. PU in severely proteinuric patients reached physiological values 5 months post therapy. We suggest that the proteinuria, erythrocyturia, and leukocyturia in mixed schistosomiasis were of postrenal origin.
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PMID:Proteinuria, hematuria, and leukocyturia in children with mixed urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis. 393 51

Circadian variations in proteinuria were studied in 17 patients with different types of glomerulopathies. During 3-4 successive days urine was collected over periods of 3 h under standardized conditions. Thirteen of the 17 patients showed a circadian rhythm of their proteinuria with a maximum excretion in daytime around 16.00 hours and a minimum excretion at night around 03.00 hours. In the majority of patients the urinary excretory rhythms of albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulin G were 'in phase' with each other and with the circadian rhythm of total protein excretion. Nine patients had a larger degree of rhythmicity for immunoglobulin G than for transferrin excretion. In eight of them a circadian rhythm of the selectivity index of proteinuria was seen with the lowest index at night. No relation was observed between the circadian rhythm of proteinuria and the type of glomerulopathy.
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PMID:A circadian rhythm of proteinuria in patients with a nephrotic syndrome. 404 41

In 74 of 195 patients with isolated proteinuria and/or haematuria investigated by means of renal biopsy laser-nephelometric determinations of the concentrations of albumin, alpha2-macroglobulin, transferrin, IgG, IgA and IgM in the urine were performed. Their result was that patients with chronic interstitial nephritis or chronic glomerulonephritis by increased concentration of albumin, transferrin, IgG and IgA statistically ascertained differ from patients with normal renal tissue or slight glomerular abnormalities.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis of primary chronic glomerulonephritis in the latency stage]. 409 May 61


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