Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using an automated immunoprecipitin reaction, the urinary excretion of albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, IgM, IgG, IgA, free lambda and kappa light chains from immunoglobulin, lysozyme and beta2-microglobulin has been investigated in 40 long-term bilaterally nephrectomized renal transplant patients. The excretion of the proteins, except lysozyme, was significantly increased in 21 of the paitents with Albustix-negative urine. In patients with glomerulonephritis prior to the transplantation, the excretion of albumin, transferrin, and IgG was significantly increased compared with the other patients. The IgM excretion was significantly increased in patients who had received C and D matches compared with those with A and B matches. Patients with severe surgical complications in the postoperative period had a tubular proteinuria, and in patients surviving more than 60 months after transplantation the excretion of several proteins was significantly increased compared with patients surviving less than 60 months.
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PMID:The urinary excretion of ten plasma proteins in long-term renal transplant patients. 81 72

In 55 children in the acute phase of viral hepatitis with HB Ag antigenemia, and in 24 without antigenemia, total urinary protein excretion and frequency of excretion of the following serum proteins in urine were studied: alpha1-glycoprotein, haptoglobin, transferrin, A, G and M immunoglobulins, light immunoglobulin chains of the phi and gamma types, and Fc and Fab fragments of immunoglobulin G. The control group consisted of 15 healthy children without HB Ag antigenemia and 8 with antigenemia. The type of proteinuria was determined by electrophoresis of serum proteins excreted in the urine on Cellogen-RS. In children suffering from viral hepatitis the urine contained serum proteins significantly more often than in healthy children. HB ag antigenemia had no influence on the degree or type of proteinuria. In children suffering from viral hepatitis with and without HG Ag antigenemia, proteinuria was of the selectively glomerular type, and less often of mixed glomerulo-tubular type with selective glomerular component. It follows that the HB Ag antigen has np distinctly detrimental effect on the renal glomeruli in the acute phase of viral hepatitis, in which the vascular endothelium of renal glomerular blood vessels is probably injured. Less ofter, in children in the acute phase of viral hepatitis function of the proximal segment of the tubules is damaged with appearance in the proteinogram of Berggard's microglobulins.
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PMID:Proteinuria in the acute phase of viral hepatitis in children and the influence of HBAg antigen. 82

The authors applied a new method for biochemical determination of proteinuria selectivity by means of ceruloplasmin clearance, used as a protein with high molecular weight as well as those of haptoglobulin and albumin -used as proteins with low molecular weight. The investigation was carried out among 94 patiens with different glomerulopathies. The equivalence of both the biochemical methods was confirmed statistically. In 58 of the examined patients, proteinuria selectivity is determined simultaneously and by the JgG clearance and trasferrin-accoringing to the method of Cameron et al. (with immunodiffused plaques) and immunoelectrophoresis and by the clearance of alpha2-macroglobulin and transferrin. Nd. statistically significant and authenical differences were established between the proteinuria selectivity determined by the relationship between the clearances of ceruloplasmin and albumin, of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobulin (biochemically determined) and of Jg G and transferrin (determined with the aid of immunodiffused plaques and immunoelectropphoresis). All that gives ground the authors to consider the results from the biochemical and immunochemical methods rather similar. That fact, the low prime cost and the possibility the biochemical methods to be put into practice in well equipped clinical laboratories emphasize their importance for the everyday nephrologist practice as well.
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PMID:[Proteinuria selectivity in patients with glomerular nephropathy determined by a biochemical route]. 122 22

The SDS polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAA) as used in this study has proven to be an excellent tool to differentiate urinary proteins qualitatively and quantitatively, since the proteins are differentiated exclusively according to their molecular radius. Selectivity was estimated by the ratio transferrin:IgG. Some of the proteins were identified by specific antisera. For clinical use SDS-PAA may distinguish: chronic glomerulonephritis from chronic pyelonephritis; the different diabetic nephropathies; some cases of minimal change nephritis from proliferative and degenerative glomerular diseases; the uncomplicated posttransplantation course from (interstitial) rejection crises and from glomerular diseases (recurrent GN, glomerular rejection disease), and the persisting small glomerular proteinuria after acute glomerulonephritis from proteinurias becoming physiological.
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PMID:Discelectrophoretic molecualr weight analysis of urinary proteins. A contribution to the clinical diagnostic differentiation and the pathophysiology of proteinuria. 123 87

Complementuria is a common finding in patients with heavy proteinuria from a variety of causes, and was detected in 23 out of 34 nephrotic subjects. Mean excretion of C3 and C4 in these patients was 49 +/- 22 and 14 +/- 3 mg/24h, respectively. The renal handling of complement appears to be largely molecular weight (MW) dependent, an inverse relationship between the sieving coefficient and MW of transferrin, IgG, C3, and C4 obtaining, in nephrotic patients irrespective of the nature of their glomerulopathy or degree of renal function. Furthermore, glomerular sieving of C3 and C4 was not significantly different in patients with immune glomerular injury associated with extensive glomerular complement deposition, from that in patients with non-immune glomerulopathy, suggesting that no unique mechanism exists for the transglomerular passage of complement from serum into the urine of the former group. The finding of a large increase of sieving of C3 and C4 in nephrotic patients with end-stage renal failure may indicate a failure by atrophic tubules to reabsorb and catabolize filtered complement.
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PMID:Renal handling of the third (C3) and fourth (C4) components of the complement system in the nephrotic syndrome. 126 8

This study was carried out in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis after autologous phase proteinuria was well established to determine the effect of tubule fluid iron chelation on the course of this disease. Deferoxamine administration caused a reduction in urinary iron potentially capable of catalyzing hydroxyl radical (.OH) formation and kidney iron uptake (224 +/- 60 vs. 398 +/- 152 mg/kg). This was associated with a decrease rate of progression of renal failure over the 21-day study period (creatinine clearance -0. 199 +/- 0.152 vs. -0.509 +/- 0.336 ml/min, P < 0.05) and improved survival (8/8 vs. 4/8, P < 0.05). In addition deferoxamine caused a reduction in urinary transferrin excretion (32 +/- 15 vs. 74 +/- 16 mg/day) and fractional excretion of transferrin (2.01 +/- 1 vs. 5.9 +/- 3.7%) and an increase in serum transferrin levels (229 +/- 36 vs. 139 +/- 45 mg/dl, all P < 0.05). It is suggested that iron presented to the tubule fluid as a result of the glomerular leak for transferrin is dissociated from transferrin. In turn the iron is available in a form capable of catalyzing .OH formation, resulting in lipid peroxidation of tubule cell membranes. Deferoxamine chelation of tubule fluid iron retards the development of both tubulointerstitial injury and superimposed glomerular sclerosis in this model of membranous nephropathy.
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PMID:Toxicity of tubule fluid iron in the nephrotic syndrome. 138 59

In an effort to establish a reliable programme for the clinical monitoring of renal involvement in patients with type-I diabetes mellitus, we quantified the urinary excretion of immunoglobulin G (IgG), transferrin (Tf), albumin (Alb), alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1MG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and total protein in 130 dipstick negative children and young adults with type-I diabetes. Eighty-five sex- and age-matched healthy persons served as a control group for the definition of the upper reference limits (95th centiles; micrograms min-1 1.73 m2): transferrin 1.4; albumin 16.6; total protein 27.1; NAG: 2.0 mU min-1 1.73 m2. Sex-related differences were detected for IgG (men: 3.8; women: 1.7) and alpha 1 MG (men: 6.0; women: 4.0 micrograms min-1 1.73 m2). The urinary excretion of IgG, Tf, alpha 1MG, NAG, and total protein was significantly higher in subjects with diabetes when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, 20 patients (15%) showed an elevated excretion of tubular markers (alpha 1MG and NAG), and 3 patients (2%) of at least two glomerular markers (Alb and/or Tf and/or IgG). Additionally, 18 individuals (14%) presented a mixed excretion pattern of both tubular and glomerular markers. These data suggest that the quantitation of both glomerular and tubular proteinuria provides a sensitive and cost-effective instrument for the non-invasive screening for renal involvement in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Quantitative assessment of urinary protein and enzyme excretion--a diagnostic programme for the detection of renal involvement in type I diabetes mellitus. 148 17

The relationship between iron status and degree of infection by Schistosoma haematobium was examined in 174 schoolchildren from Niger in an area endemic for urinary schistosomiasis. Iron deficiency was defined by a combination of 3 reliable indicators: a low serum ferritin level combined with a low transferrin saturation, a high erythrocyte protoporphyrin level, or both. Hematuria and proteinuria were seen in 76.4% and 79.9% of the children, respectively, while 95.4% excreted eggs (geometric mean egg count of 31.5 eggs/10 ml of urine). Anemia was seen in 59.7% of the subjects. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 47.1%. Anemia was associated with iron deficiency in 57.7% of the cases. Hemoglobin level and transferrin saturation decreased significantly when the degree of hematuria increased, while prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency increased significantly. The hemoglobin level and hematocrit were negatively correlated with egg count, while anemia prevalence increased with increasing egg count. This inverse relationship between degree of infection by s. haematobium and iron status shows a deleterious consequence of urinary schistosomiasis on nutrition and hematopoietic status, which should be considered in the design of nutrition intervention programs.
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PMID:Consequences of Schistosoma haematobium infection on the iron status of schoolchildren in Niger. 152 42

Bedside methods for the detection of microalbuminuria such as Microbumintest (TM) have the advantage of simplicity but not the specificity of radio-immunoassay. In the present study we assessed whether apparently inappropriate positive Microbumintest results in the presence of low urinary albumin concentrations could be accounted for by non-albumin proteinuria of glomerular or renal tubular origin. Urinary albumin and transferrin were considered to indicate glomerular proteinuria, and alpha-1-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase to reflect tubular proteinuria. Microbumintest had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 67% to detect a urinary albumin concentration of 40 mg/l. Samples with albumin concentration less than 40 mg/l contained more total protein: 110 (78-155) v 60 (35-104) mg/l p less than 0.0001 (geometric means with 1 SD range), more albumin: 11.7 (5.1-26.8) v 5.4 (2.8-10.4) mg/l p less than 0.005 and more transferrin: 496 (191-1284) v 174 (78-389) micrograms/l p less than 0.001, in those testing positive with Microbumintest than in those testing negative. Microbumintest had a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 75% to detect an albumin concentration of 20 mg/l. In samples containing less than or equal to 20 mg/l albumin, the mean albumin concentration was no greater in those testing positive compared with those testing negative. However, total protein: 108 (72-161) v 60 (34-105) mg/l p less than 0.001, and transferrin: 326 (148-715) v 157 (78-316) micrograms/l p = 0.01 both remained increased in samples testing positive compared with those testing negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Microbumintest and non-albumin proteinuria in diabetes. 172 Mar 63

The present study was undertaken to determine urinary and serum iron, transferrin and albumin levels in diabetic patients with varying amounts of proteinuria. A highly significant correlation was found between urinary albumin and transferrin excretion over a wide range of urinary albumin excretion (0.005 to 18 g/g creatinine) (r = 0.972). The urine/serum ratio of transferrin and albumin were identical, documenting a similar glomerular leak and tubule handling for these two proteins. In contrast to the above correlation between transferrin and albumin, there was no correlation between iron and either of these proteins until nephrotic range proteinuria had occurred, and even at that time the correlation was much weaker than that found between the proteins (r = 0.680). Urinary iron excretion increased early in the course of diabetic renal disease, being increased in 3 of 11 patients without proteinuria and in 8 of 10 patients with mild proteinuria. All patients with nephrotic range proteinuria had markedly increased urinary iron excretion (150 +/- 166 micrograms/g creatinine vs. 6.4 +/- 0.7 micrograms/g creatinine in controls) and decreased serum iron levels (592 +/- 189 micrograms/liter vs. 979 +/- 394 micrograms/liter in the control group). The iron/transferrin ratio in urine was consistently greater than the iron/transferrin ratio in plasma at all stages of proteinuria. In patients with both subnephrotic and nephrotic range proteinuria, approximately 35 to 40 micrograms Fe/g creatinine was present in the urine with an excess of transferrin. In conclusion, urinary iron excretion is increased early in the course of diabetic renal disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary albumin, transferrin and iron excretion in diabetic patients. 176 97


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