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Query: UMLS:C0033687 (proteinuria)
 24,015 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a patient presenting with hematuria and proteinuria (albuminuria), bladder biopsy demonstrated Schistosoma hematobium infection and renal biopsy showed a minimal change glomerulonephritis. The hematuria and proteinuria resolved following praziquantel therapy. The pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in association with Schistosoma infection is discussed.
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PMID:Minimal change glomerulonephritis associated with Schistosoma hematobium infection--resolution with praziquantel treatment. 312 71

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease of the tropics which is estimated to affect up to 300 million people worldwide. In endemic areas the childhood age group has the highest prevalence and intensity of infection. There are several distinct species of schistosomes. The principal organ system involved in Schistosoma haematobium infection is the urinary tract since parasite eggs penetrate the bladder and are excreted in the urine. Hematuria, proteinuria, leukocyturia and symptoms like dysuria or nocturia are the most common clinical presentations. Heavily infected patients show obstructive uropathy of different severity which may lead to renal failure. Intestinal schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection. Initial symptoms can be diarrhea and blood-tinged stool. Chronic infection is characterized by fibrotic involvement of the liver and consecutive portal hypertension. The diagnosis of schistosomiasis depends on the demonstration of schistosome eggs in human excreta or biopsy material. Imported cases of schistosomiasis to Europe show an increasing tendency due to expanding international travel. Furthermore imported cases are usually not diagnosed until years after the patients have left an endemic area. The treatment of choice is a single dose of praziquantel 40 m/kg bodyweight resulting in cure rates of around 90% and considerable reversibility of pathological abnormalities due to schistosome infections.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis in childhood. 327 25

Four indirect approaches, based on inquiry into a past history of haematuria, visual inspection for blood in the urine specimens, and the use of reagent strips to detect haematuria and proteinuria, were evaluated to identify persons with Schistosoma haematobium infection. These approaches were applied individually and in three different screening sequences on two populations in Ghana and Zambia in order to identify infected children and adults for subsequent treatment in both areas. Detection of haematuria using reagent strips was the single approach with the highest sensitivity and specificity. The observation of gross haematuria (bloody urine), followed by detection of blood by reagent strips, identified 87% of infected children in both areas. This screening sequence showed the highest combined sensitivity and specificity in the identification of infected children as well as adults for treatment in both areas. Differences in the results between the two countries are discussed. This study emphasizes the need for evaluation of indirect screening procedures for the diagnosis of S. haematobium infection in each endemic area so as to establish criteria for their interpretation, prior to large-scale field application.
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PMID:Indirect screening for Schistosoma haematobium infection: a comparative study in Ghana and Zambia. 387 32

Two boys with nephrotic syndrome, membrano-proliferative glomerulo-nephritis and Schistosoma haematobium infection are described. Both showed remission of the nephrotic syndrome soon after the schistosomiasis was treated with niridazole. The significance of heavy proteinuria in schistosomiasis is discussed.
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PMID:Schistosoma haematobium and the nephrotic syndrome. 721 Jan 12

Epidemiological studies on urinary schistosomiasis were carried out in eight villages in the Ga and Akuapem South districts in Ghana. Single urine samples were collected from individuals aged 5 years and above between 10.00 and 14.00 h. The samples were examined for the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs using a filtration technique. Indirect morbidity was determined as the presence of microhaematuria and proteinuria using reagent strips, and macrohaematuria was recorded with the naked eye. Out of the study population of 3912 subjects, 2562 (65.5%) submitted urine samples. The prevalence of a Schistosoma haematobium infection ranged between 54.8 and 60.0%. Infection rates increased by age with a peak in the 10-19 years category, and decreased with increasing age. Disease prevalence was higher in males aged 15 years and above in Areas 2 (Ntoaso and Sansami Amanfro) and 3 (Dom Faase, Papase, Chento and Gidi Kope), whereas it was higher among males aged 10 years and above in Area 1 (Ayikai Doblo and Akramaman). The intensity of infection was highest among children aged 10-14 years in most of the villages. More than half of egg-positive children in this age group had a heavy infection (100 eggs and above in 10 ml of urine). Although both egg-positive and egg-negative individuals manifested variable degrees of macro- or micro-haematuria, microhaematuria was more prevalent among egg-positives (chi(2)=918.5, d.f.=1, P<0.01). The degree of microhaematuria and proteinuria were significantly associated with the intensity of the infection. These results indicate a high transmission of disease in the study area.
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PMID:Urinary schistosomiasis in southern Ghana: 1. Prevalence and morbidity assessment in three (defined) rural areas drained by the Densu river. 1088 5

Clinical outcome of Schistosoma haematobium infection may vary significantly, ranging from mild symptoms to severe damage of urinary tract organs. This present study was undertaken to assess the relationship of a number of epidemiological and parasitological parameters with disease outcome in children from rural Zimbabwe. We surveyed 551 primary school students from three schools in the Chikwaka Communal Lands for schistosomiasis; 59.7% were infected with S. haematobium. Ultrasound examination of 189 of the infected students revealed that 50% had pathological changes of their bladder and 36% had abnormal pyelon dilation of at least one of their kidneys. Intensity of infection, certain water contact behaviours, male gender, proteinuria, and self-perceived haematuria were associated with increased bladder damage. Strenuous playing was negatively associated with pathology, especially for those with the highest grade of bladder damage. Kidney pathology was significantly linked with fatigue and pain upon urination and was more prevalent in students from schools closest to the major river systems. Our findings suggest that pathology due to urinary schistosomiasis is widespread and symptomatic in this population. The associations with bladder and kidney pathology can be used to predict disease severity and may be useful in targeting treatment to those most at risk.
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PMID:Epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma haematobium-induced kidney and bladder pathology in rural Zimbabwe. 1265 71

This study aimed at evaluation of validity and reliability of dipstick haematuria and proteinuria in screening school children for Schistosoma haematobium infection. It included a random sample of 400 school children aged 6-15 years in rural area of Fayoum Governorate, upper Egypt. Urine samples of the studied children were tested parasitologically by urine filtration technique as a reference test and semiquantitatively for haematuria and proteinuria using urine reagent strips as screening tests. Results of the study revealed that haematuria was a better indicator for Schistosoma haematobium infection than proteinuria, as it was more sensitive (85.5% 73.4%, respectively), specific (94.4% 82.9%, respectively) and reliable (kappa=92% 80%, respectively). Moreover, it had stronger relationship with intensity of infection (r=0.88 & 0.67, respectively). A combination of different grades of haematuria and proteinuria did not significantly increase either sensitivity or specificity. Dipstick haematuria could be a valuable technique in screening rural Egyptian school children who are at risk of urinary schistosmiasis.
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PMID:Evaluation of the effectiveness of dipstick haematuria and proteinuria in screening Schistosoma haematobium infection among school children in upper Egypt. 1721 86

Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by the deposition of eggs by adult flukes in the blood vessels surrounding the bladder of the infected host. Schistosomiasis is ranked the second most important parasitic disease of man and undoubtedly the most important of helminth origin. This paper reports the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among pregnant women in some endemic tropical semi - urban communities of Anambra State, Nigeria, screened using Medi-Test Combi 9 and urine centrifugation methods. Laboratory analysis of urine samples collected from 172 pregnant women indicated that 41 (23.8%) had urinary schistosomiasis with Anam community having the highest prevalence of 35.1% among other communities. The overall prevalence and intensity of infection among age groups showed that the youngest age group in the study, 16-20 years had the highest prevalence. Out of 24 women within this age group, 12 (50.0%) were infected among which 8 (33.3%) had light infection while 4 (16.6%) had moderate infection. The peak mean intensity of 7.6 eggs/10ml urine was observed in age group 16-20 years while the oldest age group, 41-45 years had the lowest mean intensity of 1.0 egg/10ml urine. Haematuria and proteinuria which are diagnostic for schistosomiasis were higher within age group 16-20 years in all the communities with Anam community having the highest prevalence of 50% for both biochemicals within age group 16-20 years. The findings from this study will be useful in developing specific programme for this special group of women.
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PMID:Urinary schistosomiasis among pregnant women in some endemic tropical semi - urban communities of Anambra State, Nigeria. 2320 2


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